Total Internal Reflection and Critical Angle

Vedio

i = Critical angle, c = 42o

when r = 90

Ray box

Refractive index, n = sin V

sin m
n =

sin 90 =
sin c

1
sin c

Tangent

i = 42o
i

Semi-circular block glass

n = 1/(sin 42o) =

r=

90o

What happen if i is bigger

than c?
The light is reflected internal
at the surface in a medium
(glass).
Its known as Total Internal
Reflection

Normal

Tangent Ray box

Glass: high
density

i
c

Air: low
density

Normal
State two conditions for total internal reflection could occur.
i) Light ray passes from a denser medium to a less dense medium
ii) The angle of incidence (in the denser medium) is greater than the
critical angle.

The shape of glasses:

Glass Block

Semi-circular
Glass

Prism Block
4

Prism: Observe the changes of the ray when the angle of incidence ray
in prism is increased.
Vedio

1. How do you explain the condition of the light which passes in the
prism?

Q
P

Figure a

Figure a

2. Determine the critical angle of prism which are used.

6

Natural Phenomenon Involving Total Internal Reflection

1. Mirage (Logamaya / fatamorgana)
Object
(cloud)
Cool air layer
(high density)

The ray from object

is bent (refracted)

Observer

Warm air layer

(low density)

Image
(cloud)
9

2. Rainbow

White
light
from the sun
Total
internal
enters
the raindrops. In the
reflection
raindrops angle of incident
The different
colour
ray greater
then the
critical
of of
light,
refracted
with
angle
water,
the
light
Discuss;
different angle
reflected.
How does it occur
depend
The phenomenon of light that
is involved on the wave
Why it is being colourful? length
10

3. Diamond

The rays are totally

reflected back into
the diamond and
eventually
exit at
High
refractive
the top
surface to
index
(small
Discuss;
give the
diamond
i) Refractive index (low or high)
critical
angle)
Total
internal
its sparkle.
ii) Phenomenon of light
reflection
iii) The effect when being exposed to light
Lihat intan dari arang dari lumpur terpendam, lama himpitan
kepanasan kini barang bernilai.
Mampukah dirimu jadi seperti itu, atau dirimu hancur lebur. 11

The Application of Total Internal Reflection

1. Periscope
Discuss;
Prism
Object

The use of the device

used
in submarine
to and its
The
main
components
see the hidden object
function
twoarrangement
45/45 prisms,
its
The
of prisms
capable of bending light
How
it work
raysdoes
through
90
The first prism forms an
The phenomenon of light
inverted image and the
Total
internal
second
prismreflection
inverts
it back
Characteristics
of image
to
normalsame size as object
Upright,
The
advantage of prisms

Observer
Prism

Image

Images produced by total

internal reflection are
brighter than those
produced by mirrors
12

2. Optical Fibre

Discuss;

Fibre optic diagnostic tools in medicine

and fibre optic cables in
The main components
An
optical fibre consists of an inner core
telecommunications
of high refractive index glass and
How does it work
When
light isbyintroduced
into the inner
surrounded
an outer protective
at one
end, itrefractive
will propagate
material
of lower
index along
The phenomenon of light core
A
series
of
total
internal
reflection
the fibre in a zigzag path
The use of the device

13

3. Binocular
Discuss;

The use of the device

The main components and its

functions

The arrangement of prisms

How does it work

The phenomenon of light

Characteristics of image

The advantage of prisms

14

4. Bicycle and Car Reflector and Cat Eyes

Discuss;

The shape of prism

How does it work

15

Iklan

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19

Lagu: Logamaya (Amok)

Logamaya yang temberang
Salah paham menyesatkan
Sinar cahya dari awan
Dibiaskan dan dipantulkan
Dari lapisan udara kesejukan
Ke lapisan udara kepanasan
Cahaya dibias dan dipantul dalam (penuh)
Medium yang sama
Ke mata perhati
Yang kelihatan imej awan-awan
Bagai kolam ikan di tengah jalanan
Aku manusia
Yea, yeah.
20