PILE

FOUNDATIONS

TOPICS
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Introduction
Type of pile
Estimating pile length
Load transfer mechanism
Pile capacity
Mayerhofs method for estimating Qp
Vesics method for estimating Qp
Coyle and Castellos method for estimating Qp in sand.
Correlation of calculating Qp with SPT
Frictional Resistance (Qs) in sand
Frictional Resistance in clay
Elastic settlement of piles
Negative skin friction

Introduction
Why we need piles.
a) Upper soil layers are highly
compressible and too weak
to support the load
transmitted by the
superstructure
b) Bedrock is not encountered
at a reasonable depth
below the ground surface
c) Foundation subjected to
horizontal forces
d) piles are extended beyond
the active zone, which is
where swelling and
shrinking occur.
e) Foundation for structure
that subjected to uplifting
forces.
f) Bridge abutments and piers
are usually constructed
over pile foundations to
avoid the loss of bearing
capacity

Type of Piles

Steel Piles
Concrete piles
Timber piles
Composite piles

Type of Piles
Steel Piles
Normally H and I-section
Steel piles are spliced by welding or by riveting
Steel piles can be fitted with driving points or shoes
Steel piles may be subject to corrosion. Additional thickness need to
off-set the effect of corrosion.
Usual length: 15 m to 60 m
Usual load: 300 kN to 1200 kN

Type of Piles
Concrete Piles
Can be divided into two type; precest pile and cast-in-situ pile
Precast Pile
prepared by using ordinary reinforcement, and they can be square or
octagonal in cross section
Usual length: 10 m to 15 m
Usual load: 300 kN to 3000 kN

Type of Piles
Concrete Piles
Can be divided into two type; precest pile and cast-in-situ pile
Cast-in-situ pile
built by making a hole in the ground and then filling it with concrete.
divided into two broad categories: (a) cased and (b) uncased
Cased pile

Un-cased pile

Type of Piles
Timber piles
The maximum length of most timber piles is 10 to 20 m
Timber piles cannot withstand hard driving stress
if splicing is necessary, it can be done by using pipe sleeves
Timber piles can stay undamaged indefinitely if they are surrounded by
saturated soil. However, in a marine environment, timber piles are subject to
attack by various organisms and can be damaged extensively in a few months.
The life of the piles may be increased by treating them with preservatives

Type of Piles
Composite piles
The upper and lower portions of composite piles are made of different
materials
The upper and lower portions of composite piles are made of different
materials
Forming proper joints between two dissimilar materials is difficult, and for that
reason, composite piles are not widely used.

Estimating Pile Length

Estimating Pile Length

Under certain circumstances, piles
are driven in granular soils to
achieve proper compaction
of soil close to the ground surface.
These piles are called compaction
piles.

Load Transfer Mechanism

Load Transfer Mechanism

Equation for Estimating Pile Capacity

Equation for Estimating Pile Capacity

Mayerhofs method for estimating Qp

Mayerhofs method for estimating Qp

Mayerhofs method for estimating Qp

Vesics method for estimating Qp

Vesics method for estimating Qp

Vesics method for estimating Qp

Vesics method for estimating Qp

Coyle and Castellos method for

estimating Qp in sand.

Correlation of calculating Qp with

SPT

Frictional Resistance (Qs) in sand

Frictional Resistance (Qs) in sand

Frictional Resistance (Qs) in sand

For high displacement driven pile

For low displacement driven pile

Frictional Resistance in clay

Frictional Resistance in clay

Frictional Resistance in clay

Elastic settlement of piles

Elastic settlement of piles

Elastic settlement of piles

Negative Skin Friction

Negative Skin Friction

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example

Example