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Presentation

TOPIC
THEVENIN,S THEOREM

PRESENTED TO
Sir Mudassir Hussain

PRESENTED BY
Usman Mukhtar
Roll no:
309-24109
THEVENIN’S THEOREM

Definition:
Thevenin's Theorem states that it is possible to simplify any
linear circuit, no matter how complex, to an equivalent circuit
with just a single voltage source and series resistance
connected to a load.
A series combination of Thevenin equivalent voltage source
V0 and Thevenin equivalent resistance Rs

Thevenin’s theorem permits the reduction of a two-terminal


dc network with any number of resistors and sources
(Complex Circuit) to one Equivalent circuit having only one
source and one internal resistance in a series
configuration shown below
Thevenin’s Theorem
Thevenin and Norton equivalent circuits are
techniques use to simplify circuits. Figure
shows the Thevenin equivalent circuit which
represents any circuit from multiple sources
(dependent and independent) and resistors.

RTh
Rangkaian a
a
berintangan yang
mengandungi
punca-punca V Th
bergantung dan tak
bergantung b b
Original and Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
Measuring & Calculating Vth by MultiSim:

 Circuit above shows how to measure the


Thevenin Voltage (Vth). That is measured 4V.
 The Circuit below shows how to measure
Thevinin’s Resistance (Rth):
 Conclusion: To measure Vth, remove the load
resistance (unknown), then measure the
voltage across open circuit terminal
 (Vo.c. = Vth).
 The Circuit below, shows how to measure and
calculate the Thevinin Resistance (Rth)
Measured and Calculated Rth
 To measure Rth, with load resistance removed, also
remove and replace source voltage by a short
(jumper wire), then measure and calculate the
Thevenin resistance across the Open
circuit terminals:

 Rth is measured 6 Ohms.

 Considering the jumper wire, 6 and 3 Ohms resistors


are in parallel, and result is in series
with 4 Ohm resistor.
 Rth (Cal.)= [(6 x 3)/(6+3) + 4] =2 +4 = 6 Ohms
Original & Thevenin Equivalent Circuit:
Using Ohm’s Law to Calculate Unknown Current
 As you can see from this simple Tutorial
example, the load current for original and the Thevenin
Equivalent Circuit are Identical.
 This verifies our solution and demonstrate how to
measure and calculate the unknown element current
by using Ohm’s Law for Thevnin Equivalent Circuit:
 IL = (Vth)/(Rth + RL) = (4V) / (6+6)
 IL = 4/12 = 0.333A => Calculated!
 Compare this with measured, they are exactly
equal! Now you can apply this to other
Problems.
Example
Refer to the Figure 4.6, find the Thevenin equivalent circuit.

5Ω 4Ω
a
+ +
25 V 3A v1 vab
20 Ω
- -
b

Solution
In order to find the Thevenin equivalent circuit for the circuit shown in Figure 4.6,
calculate the open circuit voltage, vab. Note that when the a, b terminals are
open, there is no current flow to 4Ω resistor. Therefore, the voltage vab is the
same as the voltage across the 3A current source, labeled v1.
To find the voltage v1, solve the equations for the singular node voltage. By choosing
the bottom right node as the reference node,
Current isc can be found if v2 is known. By using the bottom
right node as the reference node, the equationfor v2 becomes
By solving the above equation, v2 = 16 V. Therefore, the short circuit
current isc is
v 2 − 25 v 2 v
+ −3+ 2 = 0
5 20 4

The Thevenin resistance RTh is

Figure 4.8 shows the Thevenin equivalent circuit for the Figure 4.6.
Figure 4.8

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