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NADH +
PREPARATIVE
PHASE
First 3 reactions occurring on
the level of hexose molecule,
which is activated by
phosphorylation. Only the cycic
forms are active!
isomerisation
of
3-P
Isomerisation
of
3-P
glycerate
to
2-P-glycerate
Enolase reaction
*
Mg2+ / Mn2+
* inhibited by fluoride
Efficiency
coefficien
t
1 - -Ketoglutarate
transporter;
2 - glu/asp
transporter and
the H+ symport
with glu.
Works in
muscle.
heart
and
skeletal
to
creatine
that
enter
Erythrocytes
mitochondria.
lack
ATP
under
is generated only
anaerobic conditions.
The
glucogenic
glycerol, propionate.
Major
amino
acids
and
lactate,
Biomedical
metabolic transportation
between cytoplasm and
mitochondria
1.
2.
Biotinylated enzyme
ADP+P
carboxybiotinylated enzyme
PEPK
PEP
ADP
GDP
ATP
GTP
Pyruvate
Oxaloacetate
Pyruvate
ATP
NADH+H+
Pyruvate
carboxylase
MDH
glu
NAD+
GOT
Malate
MDH
Oxaloacetate
glu
NAD+
Malate
-KG
asp
ADP+P
NADH+H+
PEPK
GOT
-KG
asp
PEP
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate Fructose-6-P
E1: fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
Glucose-6-P Glucose
E2:glucose-6-phosphatase
It is present in liver and kidney but absent from muscle and
adipose tissue, which, therefore, cannot export glucose
into the bloodstream.
Energy balance
For the synthesis of 1 mole Glucose by 2 moles Pyruvate
are spent 6 macroergic bonds:
2 moles ATP for the carboxylation of pyruvate to
oxaloacetate;
2 moles GTP to convert oxaloactetate in phosphoenol
pyruvate in carboxykinase reaction;
2 moles ATP for the conversion of 3-P-glycerate to 1,3bisphosphoglycerate in the glyceratekinase reaction.
It occurs in cytosol.
Dehydrogenation and
decarboxylation of glucose 6-P
to yield a pentose, ribulose 5-P.
Ribulose 5-phosphate
is converted back to
glucose 6-phosphate.
1. Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase & 6-P-gluconolactone hydrolase; 2. 6P-gluconolactone dehydrogenase; 3. P-pentoseisomerase; 4. Ppentose epimerase; 5. & 7. transketolase (cofactor TPP); 6.
Net
Balance
Oxidative phase:
Gluconolactone
hydrolase
glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase,
NADP-dependent
gluconolactone
hydrolase - hydrolysis
of 6-P-gluconolactone
6-P-gluconate
dehydrogenase
catalyzes the second
oxidative step
Nonoxidative phase
E1
E2
Nonoxidative phase
E1
E2
E1
1.
2.