B TNG v PH GIA

Trnh by: Mr. L Vn Trng

1. TNG QUAN V B TNG

B TNG L G?
L hn hp ca:
Xi mng (Portland hoc hn hp)
Ct liu ( v Ct)
Nc
Ph gia
C dng do ngay sau khi trn, sau ng kt v tr thnh dng
rn chc.

Cc tnh cht ca b tng

1. Cc tnh cht ca BT ti:
Tnh cng tc; S phn tng; Hin tng
tch nc;Nhit thu ho.
2. Cc tnh cht ca b tng ng rn:
-Cng
-Bin dng
-T bin
- co ngt

B TNG TI
Tnh cng tc
1.
c trng cho tnh thi cng ca b tng, gip
b tng d dng c vn chuyn, thi cng v to hnh
theo hnh dng mong mun.
ng nht - tnh chy.
linh ng - tnh d chy.
Kh nng m ln - tnh d thi cng.

2.
Kh nng tng tc ni ti ca cc thnh
phn b tng nh hng n kh nng m ln.

CC TH NGHIM KIM TRA TNH CNG TC CA B TNG

C 4 th nghim c bn
1.

Kim tra st.

2.

Kim tra ln cht.

3.

Kim tra cng VEBE

4.

Kim tra chy.

 c pht minh nm 1913 ti

M.
BS1881 Part 102
Dng c
Cn o st
Que m.
Thc
Thch hp cho b tng thng
thng hoc b tng c tnh
cng tc trung bnh v cao.

100

.
.
.
.
200

300

Slump
(mm)

Phng php kim tra

b tng thnh 3 lp trong
cn, mi lp m 25 ln.
Xoa mt BT trn cn.
Rt cn khi khi BT va m.
o t st bng thc

True slump

Khng thch hp cho b tng

kh.
Shear
slump

Collapse slump

 c cho l nhy hn so vi
kim tra st .
Thch hp vi mi loi my
trn.
Phng php:
b tng vo phu trn
Cho b tng chy xung phu di
vo thng khun tr
Nhc khun tr ln, cn trng
lng b tng v so snh vi trng
lng b tng ca khun ln y.

 st (mm)

Thi gian (h)

Nhit (C)

nh hng mi trng kh hu

Cng nng: Bc x nhit

Nhit khng kh
m khng kh
Tc gi
B mt tip xc ca khng kh vi b tng

nh hng mi trng kh hu
Trong iu kin ma h Min Trung khc
nghit, khi b tng tip xc vi khng kh
c th b mt 45 60% lng nc trong b
tng.
Hu qu l hn hp b tng mt st nhanh,
khi ng rn b nt b mt v gim cng .

Cc bin php hn ch nh hng mi

trng kh hu
i vi b tng ti hin trng:
Nn khuyn co nh thu tin hnh xoa li b mt bng bay
thp sau t 1-2h k t khi kt thc b tng (trc
xoa b mt bng bay g) hn ch hin tng nt chn
chim v phi bo dng bng bao b ti nc thng
xuyn.

Cc bin php hn ch nh hng mi

trng kh hu
i vi Mu b tng:
+ m bo cht lng mu th nghim cn dng nylon ph b mt trong ngy
u c mu (nguyn tc ci by nhit).
+ Mu ch c tho em v bo dng khi phi m bo chc chn rng thi gian
k t khi c Mu l sau: i vi Mu Nn R3 th phi sau: 24h; i vi Mu thng
thng phi sau 48h.
+ Tt c cc Mu B Tng tho ti hin trng ch v phi vn chuyn tht nh
nhng khng c rung ng mnh. Tin hnh ngm Mu vo b bo dng v
phi m bo rng tt c Mu b tng phi c ngp trong nc hoan ton.
+ Qui nh vt Mu ra khi b ngm bo dng trc khi em i nn nh sau:
- i vi Ma nng: phi vt Mu trc 24h trc khi nn.
- i vi Ma Ma: phi vt Mu trc 48h trc khi nn.

 Biu hin
Va ct-xi mng tch ra khi ct liu th
Va xi mng tch ra khi ct liu mn.

Nguyn nhn

Rung ng mnh
Rt b tng t trn cao xung
Phn loi ct liu km
Tnh cng tc cao
Hn hp trn khng cun kh

 Biu hin: Nc ni ln trn b mt b tng

Lm cho b mt b tng hon thin b yu hoc b
bong trc, hoc b tng gia cc ln lin kt km.
Cc c tnh ca xi mng nh hng ln n tnh
trng tch nc. trnh tnh trng ny cn phi c:
Xi mng mn
Hm lng C3A cao
Hn hp trn c cht lng cao hn

 Mc d phn cp ct liu c nh
hng t hoc khng nh hng
trc tip n cng b tng
th iu ny cng khng nh
hng n tnh cng tc ca b
tng cng nh t l nc/xi
mng.
Nguyn tc c bn l nh hn
s lp khong trng gia cc vin
ln hn v va xi mng s lp
y cc k h cn li.

 Tuy nhin, iu ny tng i

kh, do vy t c hn
hp c cht lng cao hn
bng cch tng ct liu mn.

%
passing

i vi b tng c t trng
nng, s dng phng php
phn cp Fullers.

Particle size as fraction of

max

 My trn thng thng Drum Mixer thng c

s dng ti cng trng
My trn cng bc Pan Mixer c kch c ln
hn, dng trong cng nghip, phng th nghim, vv
Trn bng tay: cn trnh s dng pp ny
Bt trn sn s dng nhiu nht cho cng trng
Thi gian trn : 2 pht (m nh) n 3 pht (m
ln hn)

 Bng thng cha, xe ra, mng trt hoc my bm.

vo v tr cui cng khng c m rung vo
v tr ny.
m b tng bng que m khong 10 giy gia
cc khong cch 0.5 mt.
Xoa mt b tng bng bn xoa g, ngh mt lt v
hon thin bng bn xoa st.

 Phn ng ta nhit khi ninh kt c th khin cho

nhit tng ng k trong b tng khi ln.
iu ny gy nn s gin n , tip l ninh kt v
co ngt.
Nu khi b tng b chm tr, hoc nhit thay
i, c th xy ra hin tng b tng b nt, rn.

Nhit
(C)

Thi gian
(ngy)

Thi gian
(ngy)

CNG
B tc ng phn ln bi s lng
cc l trong b tng ng rn.
V iu ny b nh hng mnh
bi lng nc khng thy ha
cn li sau khi b tng ng rn,
do t l nc/xi c xem l
yu t quyt nh cng b
tng.

T l nc/xi

Khi nim:
Xi mng Portland l cht kt dnh v c, c kh nng ng
rn trong mi trng v c tui th cao
Xi mng Portland c ch to bng cch nung n kt khi
hn hp phi liu (gm vi, t st v cc ph gia khc
c nghin mn) to thnh clinker, sau nghin clinker vi
thch cao v cc loi ph gia khc to thnh xi mng Portland.

Phn loi xi mng Portland:

Hin nay trn th tn ti hai loi xi mng:
Xi mng PC: c sn xut bng cch nghin clinker
(khong 95%) v thch cao (khong 5%).
Xi mng PCB: c sn xut bng cch nghin clinker
(khong 75%), thch cao (khong5%) v ph gia thu,
ph gia y (khong 15%).
Ngoi ra, cn c mt s loi xi mng c bit khc nh
XM bn sulphate, XM cao nhm c s dng cho
mt s mc ch c bit

Thnh phn ho ca xi mng

Portland
%CaO
6367%
%SiO2
2124%
%Al2O3
48%
%Fe2O3
24%
%SO3
<3%
%xit kim (Na2O, K2O) <1.5%

Thnh phn khong ca xi mng Portland:

Khong Alit (tricanxi silicat) : 3CaO.SiO2 (C3S ).
Chim khong 4560% trng lng clinker xi mng.
ng rn nhanh, to nhiu nhit, cho cng cao.
T l thun vi cht lng xi mng cng tt.
Khong Belit (dicanxi silicat): 2CaO.SiO2 (C2S)

Chim t 2030%.
C cng trung bnh, ng rn chm, nhit thu ho nh.
Khong C3A (Aluminat canxi): 3CaO.Al2O3(C3A)
ng rn nhanh, cng thp.
Nhit thu ho ln v d b n mn.
Khong Alumoferit canxi: 4CaO.Al2O3.Fe2O3 (C4AF)

Cc tnh cht c l ca xi mng Portland

KL ring

Ph thuc vo thnh phn khong ca XM.

Dng tnh ton cp phi b tng, cp phi va.

KL th tch

Ph thuc vo mn ca XM.

mn

Ch tiu nh gi mc nghin mn ca XM, tnh

bng % khi lng st qua sng 0.08mm (<12%)
hoc t din Blaine (26003200cm2/g)
XM c d mn ln th mc thu ho cng cao, XM
c cng cao nhng lng nc tiu chun ln,
khi bay hi s li l rng lm gim cng xi
mng.

Lng nc
TC

Dng xc nh cc ch tiu: thi gian ng kt,

n nh th tch, cng xi mng theo phng php
nhanh.

Cc tnh cht c l ca xi mng Portland

5.Thi

gian ninh
kt

Gip b tr thi gian thi cng hp l.

Thng thng xi mng Portland c thi gian
ninh kt khng sm hn 45pht v khng mun
hn 10 gi.

6.
nh
tch

Nu hm lng SO3 trong xi mng qu cao so

vi quy nh th s xy ra phn ng vi
Ca(OH)2 v C3A to ra khong Ettringite gy
mt n nh th tch.

n
th

Cng ngh SX clinker xi mng

L ng.
u im Xy dng n gin, thch
hp cho cng nghip xi mng
a phng, cn t thit b.
Nhc
im

L quay
Chi ph u t cao,
thit b nhiu, cn
mt bng ln.

Nng sut thp

Nng sut cao.
Qu trnh nung chm, Cht lng clinker
nguyn liu tip xc vi cc xi mng n nh.
vng nhit khng u, do
cht lng clinker khng n
nh

L ng

L quay

 Xi mng cng mn
cng ng rn nhanh
v t cng nn
nhanh hn.

mn ca xi mng
(m2 kg1 )

A - C3S, C3A cao

B - C3S, C3A cao va
C - C3S, C3A thp va
D - C3S, C3A thp
Loi xi mng C v D
c th t 50% cng
sau 28 ngy.

Tui (ngy)

 Nu bo dng bng nc, b tng s tip tc t

cng trong nhiu thng.
Mt khc khi ton b nc bc hi t do hoc thy
ha ht, s khng cn hin tng thy ha na.
Vic bo dng b tng m bo cung cp nc
cho qu trnh thy ha cng lu cng tt.

Relative Strength

S dng hai phng php

kim tra cng .
Phng php ph bin nht
Anh Quc l kim tra hnh
khi lp phng
Cng c th p dng pp
kim tra hnh tr c t l
chiu cao-ng knh 2.
Cng hnh tr = cng
hnh khi x 0.87

Chiu
cao/ng knh

ng sut

E = ng sut/Sc cng
Tuy nhin ng ng sut
bin dng ca b tng
khng nm trn mt
ng thng.
E dao ng t 15 n 40
Mpa.

Sc cng

 T bin b tng b nh hng bi cc yu t

Nhiu xi mng trong m trn t bin ln hn

T l nc/xi cao - t bin ln hn
m tng i cao hn - t bin thp hn
Tui b tng cng ln - t bin thp hn
ng rn nhanh - t bin thp hn

 3 loi co ngt/gin n b tng ch yu :

Co ngt do do s lng ng cht rn v mt nc t
do ca b tng do.
Co ngt ni sinh Keo xi mng c khi lng thp hn
lng nc v xi mng trn li . Do vy ti mt hm
lng nc nht nh s xy ra hin tng co ngt.
Co ngt kh Mt nc t keo xi mng sau khi mt
nc t cc l v mao dn.

 Nu b tng b ghm li, phi s dng cc khe

dch chuyn v gia cng chng nt.
Hn ch ti thiu hin tng nhit thy ha v co
ngt kh.
Nu b tng bnh thng, phi hn ch ti
thiu cc hin tng nhit thy ha v co ngt
kh.

Nh vy tm li th cht lng
ca B tng do ci g quyt
nh nht

Cc tnh cht ca b tng ph

thuc vo cht lng ca va
xi mng

T l Nc/Xi mng

Xi mng

W
W/C
/C::0,6
0,6

W
W//CC:: 0,4
0,4

TT==00

TT==00

TT==1d
1d

TT==11dd

TT==77dd

TT==77dd

TT==28
28dd

TT==28
28dd

Nc

T l Nc/Xi mng cng thp, cht

lng ca b tng cng cao !!!

T l Nc/Xi mng v bn
ca b tng
T l N/XM thp:
1
2
3
4

Gim xp
Gim co ngt.
Tng Cng
Tng kh nng chng n mn

T l Nc/Xi mng v kh nng chng thm

ca b tng (theo EN206)
T l N/X
0,35
0,40
0,45
0,50
0,55
0,60

Kh nng chng thm

BT chng thm
BT chng thm
BT chng thm
BT chng thm
T l N/X max
BT thm

T l Nc/Xi mng v co ngt ( m )

1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600

Agg/Cem 3
Agg/Cem 4
Agg/Cem 5
Agg/Cem 6
Agg/Cem 7

S
H
R
I
N
K
A
G
E

400
200
0
0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

T L NC/XI MNG

0,7

0,8

T l Nc/Xi mng v cng

Cement PCB 30 (CEM II A- L 32.5)

T l Nc/Xi mng v cng

CEMENT PC 40 ( CEM I 52.5)

WATER CEMENT RATIO

2. PH GIA CHO B TNG

nh hng ca Ph gia trong B Tng

Gim t l N/X, tng cng tnh cng tc
cho b tng.
Duy tr tnh cng tc ca b tng
Tng cng sm cho b tng
p ng cc yu cu c th cho khch hng

PHN LOI

Ph gia ha do
Ph gia siu do
Ph gia duy tr thi gian thy ha
Ph gia thc y ng kt
Ph gia chng bng gi
Ph gia ngm kh
Ph gia dn n b co ngt
Ph gia chng thm
Ph gia tr bm
Bt silic siu mn ...

CC SN PHM CA MAPEI
Ph gia ha do:
Mapeplast R15 VN

Ph gia siu do:

Mapefluid N100 SP, N200
Mapefluid R104, R105 VN, R14VN
Dynamon System (Ph gia siu do cao
cp th h 3)

H thng Dynamon
L mt h thng sn phm hon chnh
dng cho:
B tng trn sn:
Dynamon SR2 VN
Dynamon Easy 37 VN
Dynamon NRG 1310
B tng c sn:
Dynamon SP1
Dynamon SP3

Ph gia siu do gim nc

dng cho b tng (WRA)
S pht trin cc th h ph gia: 1stG, 2ndG,
& 3rdG
C ch hot ng ca ph gia
Ti u ha s hp th ca ph gia: gim
lng dng ph gia
Kim sot s pht trin cng
Kim sot tc hp th ca ph gia: duy
tr st cho b tng
Cc ng dng ca ph gia WRA

Lignosulphonate (LS)
OH

OH

L sn phm ca qu
trnh tch loi lignin
trong bisulphite cellulose
- cht thi ca cng
nghip sn xut giy
L ph gia th h 1st

S O3Na

C
H

H
C

OH
C

SO3Na H

OH
O

HO

OCH3

C
H

SO3Na
C
H

OCH3

Nhm c
in tch
m

OH

HO

OH
C

OH
O

H
HO

OCH3

C
H

H
C

OH
C

SO3Na H

HO

OCH3

Naphthalene Sulphonate
(NS, NSFC)
L hp cht ca

CH2

naphthalene sulphonate
v formaldehyde
Ph gia th h 2nd
CH2

SO3Na

SO3Na

CH2

CH2

SO3Na

SO3Na
SO3Na

CH2

CH2

SO3Na

Nhm c
in tch
m

Melamine Sulphonate (MS, MSFC)

L hp cht ca

OCH2 HN

melamine sulphonate
v formaldehyde
Ph gia th h 2nd

N
N

NH CH2
N

CH2 SO3 Na

OCH2 HN

CH2 SO3 Na

N
N

N
NH CH2

OCH2 HN

NH CH2

N
N

CH2 SO3 Na

OCH2 HN

Nhm c
in tch
m

OCH2 HN

N
CH2 SO3 Na

CH2 SO3 Na
N

NH CH2

NH CH2

Carboxylated Acrylic Ester (CAE,

PC, PCE)
L sn phm trng
hp ca acrylate v
acrylic ester
Ph gia th h 3rd

O
O

O
C

C
C
ONa

C
O

C
C
O

C
O

C
C
ONa

C
O

C
C
ONa

C
O

C
C
O

C
O

C
C

- ONa
Group
with
negative
charge

ONa

Nhm
trung
ha

Ph gia th h

OH

OH
C

S O3Na

OCH3

HO

NS
-

N
N

MS

Ph gia th h 3rd
O

ONa

CAE

NH CH2

CH2 SO3 Na

1st & 2nd

OCH2 HN

CH2

SO3Na

LS

C ch lm vic ca ph gia siu

do truyn thng (th h 1 v 2)

Trc

Sau

Phn lai st ca b tng theo EN 206

Loi

st (mm)

S1
S2
S3
S4
S5

10 - 40
50 - 90
100 - 150
160 - 210
220

S1:
S1:00--4cm
4cm

S3:
S3:10-15cm
10-15cm

S2:
S2:55--9cm
9cm

S4:
S4:16-20cm
16-20cm

S5:
S5:21-25cm
21-25cm

SS33
10-15
10-15cm
cm

S ra i ca h thng Dynamon
Design Performance Polymer (Sn phm c
ch to c bit cho cc ng dng khc nhau)
Vi cc yu cu ngy cng cao ca cng ngh sn xut
b tng:
Duy tr lu hn tnh cng tc ca b tng nh kim sot
kh nng thm thu ca ph gia ln ht xi mng.
Khng lm chm qu trnh thy ha ca b tng.
Pht trin cng rt sm
Phn ng tt hn vi xi mng, gim t l N/XM
B tng c chy rt cao

Duy tr tnh cng tc ca b tng

Gim t l N/X, tng chy cho b tng.

y nhanh chu k sn xut b tng

Thy in Tam Hip Trung Quc

C ch lm vic ca ph gia th h 3
Lc y nguyn t ngn chn s tip xc gia cc ht xi mng

----

----

-----------

-------------------- -------------

--- -----

----

----

-----

Thi gian (pht)

----

-----

150
120
90
60
30
0

-----

----- ------------ - --- ----

200

150

100

50

st (cm)

250

Tng cng v gi nguyn st

(Gim t l N/X)

Tng st
(Gi nguyn t l N/X)

C
Gim ng thi lng Xi mng v
Nc
(Gi nguyn cng )

A. Tng cng v gi
nguyn st
(Gim t l N/X)

Cp phi yu cu:
Cng yu cu: 50 MPa
st yu cu: 25 cm
Xi mng s dng: PC 40
Ct liu th: t nhin Dmax = 19
mm

CEMENT PC 40

WATER CEMENT RATIO

33
N
c
(
kg
/m
Nc ( kg /m ))

D
D max
max
mm.
mm.

st
st (( cm
cm ))
0- 4 S1 5 - 9 S2 10-15 S3 16-20 S4 21-25 S5

9,5 mm

195

210

230

250

255

19,0 mm

180

195

215

225

230

38,1 mm

115

170

190

205

210

50,8 mm

145

160

180

190

195

76,2 mm

140

155

170

180

185

152,4 mm

125

135

150

160

165

Natural Aggregates : - 10 liters

Crush Aggregates : + 10 liters

Cp phi tnh ton

Nc
: 220 liters
T l N/X:
: 0.58
Lng xi mng tnh ton = ( 220 : 0.58 )
= 379 kg/ m3

Nc
T l N/X:
Xi mng

: 220 liters
: 0.58
: 379 kg/ m 3
Khi s dng ph gia siu do vi lng dng
1%,
lng nc gim c l:
18 ~ 22% vi ph gia siu do truyn thng
25 ~ 30% vi ph gia Dynamon

Vi 25% gim nc, lng nc lc ny s l:

220 x 0.75 = 165 liters
T l N/X mi = 165 / 379 = 0.435

CEMENT PC 40

Cng BT lc
ny s
l: 50 MPa
76 MPa

WATER CEMENT RATIO

B Tng st
(Gi nguyn t l
N/X)

33
N
c
(
kg
/m
Nc ( kg /m ))

DDmax
maxmm.
mm.

st
st (( cm
cm ))
0- 4 S1 5 - 9 S2 10-15 S3 16-20 S4 21-25 S5

9,5 mm

195

210

230

250

255

19,0 mm

180

195

215

225

230

38,1 mm

115

170

190

205

210

50,8 mm

145

160

180

190

195

76,2 mm

140

155

170

180

185

152,4 mm

125

135

150

160

165

Natural Aggregates : - 10 liters

Crush Aggregates : + 10 liters

Cng
: 50 MPa
T l N/X
: 0.58
Ct liu th
: 19 mm
Nc
: 185 liters
Xi mng PC 40 : 319 kg/m3 ( 185 / 0.58)
st
: 5 cm

Khi s dng 1 % ph gia siu do, vi

cng lng nc trn, st ca b
tng c th tng t 5 cm ln 25 cm

C Gim ng thi lng Xi

mng v
Nc
(Cng khng i)

Cng
st
Ct liu th
Nc
T l N/X
Xi mng

: 50 MPa
: 10 cm
: 19 mm
: 205 liters
: 0.58
: 353 kg/m3

33
N
c
(
kg
/m
Nc ( kg /m ))

st
st (( cm
cm ))

DDmax
maxmm.
mm.

0- 4 S1 5 - 9 S2 10-15 S3 16-20 S4 21-25 S5

9,5 mm

195

210

230

250

255

19,0 mm

180

195

215

225

230

38,1 mm

115

170

190

205

210

50,8 mm

145

160

180

190

195

76,2 mm

140

155

170

180

185

152,4 mm

125

135

150

160

165

Natural Aggregates : - 10 liters

Crush Aggregates : + 10 liters

 Nc
: 205 liters
T l N/X : 0.58
Khi dng 1% Dynamon lng nc gim
c 25% cn 205 x 75% = 154
liters
Xi mng = 154 / 0.58 = 265 kg /m3

 Cng
st
Ct liu th
Nc
T l N/X
Xi mng

: 50 MPa
: 10 cm
: 19 mm
: 205 liters (154 )
: 0.58
: 353 kg/m3 (265)

Silica Fume Bt silic siu

mn
L sn phm ca cng nghip sn xut silicon
& ferrosilicon trong l in
L dng silica v nh hnh c kch thc 30
300 nm
T din 15,000 m2/kg
Hm lng silic tinh th ti a theo tiu chun
Threshold Limit = 2.0 mg/m3 (Norwegian)

C ch hot ng ...
Tc dng vi vi t do trong
b tng
Xi mng + Nc

Ca ( OH )2 + SiO2

C - S- H + Ca ( OH ) 2

C-S-H

Tc dng ca Silica Fume trong

b tng
C mn cao: Gim tch nc, tng
do cho b tng
Thch hp cho b tng di nc.
Tng kh nng chng thm.
Chng xm thc: sulphate, chlorides
Lu :
Lng nc yu cu ln hn.
Cn bo dng m trnh co ngt

B tng khng c silica fume

B tng c silica fume

THANK YOU !