PRESSURE

GAS

SOLID
LIQUIID
Pascals
principle
Archimedes
principle

Atmospheric

Bernoullis
principle
1

The upward force resulting from an object being

wholly or partially immersed in a fluid
2

When an object is wholly or partially

immersed in a fluid, it experiences a
buoyant force equal to the weight of the
fluid displaced.

Concept map
Upward
Upward
buoyant
buoyant
force
force

Apparen
Apparen
tt loss
loss in
in
weight
weight

Weight
Weight of
of
liquid
liquid
displaced
displaced

Upward buoyant force

=
Weight of liquid displaced

F
OBJECT FLOAT
Upward Buoyant Force = Weight Of Displaced Water
= Weight of object

W
Movement
of an object

Average density of object = Density of liquid

OBJECT SINKS / MOVING DOWNWARDS

Upward Buoyant Force = Weight Of Displaced Water
< Weight of object
Average density of object > Density of liquid

OBJECT RISES UP / MOVING UPWARDS

Upward Buoyant Force = Weight Of Displaced Water
> Weight of object
Average density of object < Density of liquid

F
W

Movement
of an object

F
W

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Figure below shows a metal cuboids of 10 cm x 10 cm x 20cm

immerse in the water. The density of the metal cuboids is 4 x 10 3 kg m-3.
If the density of water is 1 x 103 kg m-3 , calculate the
(a) Force acting on the upper surface of the cuboids
(b)Force acting on the lower surface of the cuboids
(c) Buoyancy force acting on the cuboids
(d)Resultant force acting on the cuboids.

Water surface
10 cm

Thread

20 cm
10 cm
10 cm
14

An ice cube of volume 0.1 m3 floats in the water. If the density of the ice
cube is 917 kgm-3 and density of water is 1000 kgm-3, calculate the
a) buoyancy force acting on the ice cube
b) volume of ice cube above the surface of water

15

A ship with a mass of 1.2 x 10 6 kg sails from the sea to a river (fresh
water). Calculate the
a) volume of the sea water displaced by the ship if the density of the
sea water is 1030 kg m-3.
b) mass of the load need to transferred out when the ship is in fresh
water so that the volume of the displaced fresh water remain the
same with the volume of the displaced sea water. (Density of the
fresh water is 1000 kg m-3)

16

Figure below shows a cylindrical glass tube with a mass of 15 g.

The tube contains lead globules and it floats in water in an upright
position.
The cross section of the tube is 2 cm2 and the density of water is 1 g cm-3.
Calculate the
a) mass of the lead globules
b) length of the glass tube that will be
immersed if it is placed in another

Glass tube
2 cm

Surface water

liquid with density of 1.25 g cm-3

a) minimum density of liquid that can
make the glass tube to float.

10 cm
Lead globules
17

Figure below shows a glass block of 2 cm x 5 cm x 10cm suspended from

a spring balance. The density of the glass is 2.6 x 103 kgm-3 and density
of water is 1 x103 kgm-3.
a) Calculate the reading of the spring balance before the glass block is
immersed in the water.
b) The glass block is submerged in the
water. Calculate the
(i) buoyancy force acting on the glass
block.
(ii) spring balance reading when the
glass block is submerged in the
water
Glass
block
18

c) If the glass block is then immersed in a liquid with the density of

3 x 103 kgm-3, calculate the
i) buoyancy force acting on the glass block.
ii) volume of a liquid displaced by the glass block.

19

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