Review Questions

What is Romantic Music?

What are the Characteristics of Romantic
Music?
Who are the composers in the Romantic Music?
Give example of a composition about Romantic
Music.

Sunrise Claude Monet

IMPRESSIONIST

Mariveles Jose Joya

EXPRESSIONIST

Starry Night Van Gogh

POST IMPRESSIONISM

1.
2.

On a piece of paper describe the

characteristics of the pictures.
Analyze the music and its style.

TOPIC: 20th Century

Musical Styles
Objectives:
Students can recognize,
identify, compare and explain
the characteristics of modern
contemporary music.

The early half of the 20th

century also gave rise to new
musical styles, which were notquite
as extreme as the electronic, chance,
and minimalist styles that arose later.
These
new
styles
were
impressionism, expressionism, neoclassicism, avant garde music, and
modern nationalism.

Impressionism made use of the

whole-tone scale. It also applied
suggested, rather than depicted, reality.
It created a mood rather than a definite
picture. It had a translucent and hazy
texture; lacking a dominant-tonic
relationship. It made use of overlapping
chords, with 4th, 5th, octaves, and 9th
intervals, resulting in a non-traditional
harmonic order and resolution.

Expressionism revealed the

composers mind, instead of
presenting an impression of the
environment. It used atonality
and
the
twelve-tone
scale,
lacking stable and conventional
harmonies. It served as a
medium for expressing strong
emotions, such as anxiety, rage,
and alienation.

Neo-classicism was a partial

return to a classical form of writing
music with carefully modulated
dissonances. It made use of a freer
seven-note diatonic scale.

The avant garde style was

associated with electronic music and
dealt with the parameters
or dimensions of sound in space. It
made use of variations of selfcontained note groups to change
musical continuity, and
improvisation, with an absence of
traditional rules on harmony,
melody, and rhythm.

Modern nationalism is a looser

form of 20th century music
development focused on nationalist
composers and musical innovators
who sought to combine modern
techniques with folk materials.

A number of outstanding composers of the 20th

century each made their own distinctive mark on the
contemporary classical music styles that developed.
Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel were the
primary exponents of impressionism, while Arnold
Schoenberg was the primary exponent of
expressionism, with the use of the twelve-tone scale
and atonality. Bela Bartok was a neo-classical,
modern nationalist, and a primitivist composer who
adopted Hungarian folk themes to introduce rhythms
with changing meters and heavy syncopation. Igor
Stravinsky was also an expressionist and a neoclassical composer. He incorporated nationalistic
elements in his music, known for his skillful handling
of materials and his rhythmic inventiveness.

CLAUDE DEBUSSY
-

he was the primary exponent of

impressionist movement.
He changed the course of musical
development by dissolving
traditional rules and conventions
into a new language of
possibilities in harmony, rhythm,
form, texture, and texture.
His musical compostiitons total
more or less 227 which includes
orchestral music, chamber music,
piano music, operas, ballets,
songs and other vocal music.
His composed the Claire de Lune

Joseph Maurice Ravel

-was born in Ciboure, France
- His composition is
characterized by its uniquely
innovative but not atonal style
of harmonic treatment.
-intricate and sometimes
modal melodies and extended
chordal components.
- Many of his works deal with
water in its flowing or stormy
moods as well as with human
characterizations.

ARNOLD SCHOENBERG
-was born in a working-class
suburb of Vienna, Austria on
September 13, 1874. - He
taught himself music theory,
but took lessons in
counterpoint.
-German composer Richard
Wagner influenced his work
as evidenced by his
symphonic poem Pelleas et
Melisande, Op 5 (1903), a
counterpoint of Debussys
opera of the same title.

IGOR STRAVINSKY
- His music reflected the
influence of his teacher, russian
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
- His first successful
masterpiece, the Firebird
- Asymmetrical rhythms
successfully portrayed the
character of a
solemn pagan rite.
- Stravinskys musical output
approximates 127 works,
including concerti, orchestral
music,
instrumental music, operas,
ballets, solo vocal, and choral
music. He died in New York
City on April 6, 1971.

Sergei Prokofief
-

is regarded today as a
combination of neoclassicist, nationalist, and
avant garde composer. His
style is uniquely
recognizable for its
progressive technique,
pulsating rhythms, melodic
directness, and a resolving
dissonance.

FRANCIS POULENC
-

One of the relatively few

composers born into
wealth and privileged
social position.
member of the group
Les Six. young french
composers.
His composition has a
coolly elegant
modernity, tempered by
a classical sense of
proporion.

George Gershwin
-

Born in New York to Russian

Jewish immigrants.
His brother Ira was his artistic
collaborator who wrote the
lyrics of his songs.
His melodic gift was
considered phenomenal, as
evidenced by numerous songs
of wide appeal.
He is a true crossover artist
in the sense that his
compositions remain highly
popular in the classical
repertoire.
Considered as the Father of
American Jazz.

LEONARD
- Endeared himself to his many
BERNSTEIN
followers as a charismatic
-

conductor, pianist, composer,

and lecturer.
His philosophy was that the
universal language of music is
basically rooted in tonality.
He is best known for his
compositions for the stage.
Like the West Side Story and
American version of Romeo
and Juliet.

PHILIP GLASS
-

one of the most

commercially
successful minimalist
composer
Explored the territories
of ballet, opera,
theater, film and even
television jingles.

BELA BARTOK
-

A neo-classicist.
He infused classical
techniques into his
own brand cross
rhythms and shifting
meters to
demonstrate many
barbaric and
primitive themes
that were Hungarian
particularly gypsy
in origin.

20 Century
Musical Styles:
Electronic and
Chance Music
th

Electronic Music
Music that uses electronic machines such as
synthesizer, amplifiers, tape recorders and
loud speakers to create diferent sounds.
Composers: Edgar Varese, Karrlheinz
Stockhausen and Mario Davidovsky
Music concrete music that uses tape
recorder

Edgard Varese
- His composition is
characterized by an
emphasis on timbre and
rhythm.
- He invented the term
organized sound
- Father of Electronic
Music
- He was described as
Stratospheric
Colossus of Sound

KARLHEINZ
STOCKHAUSEN
- A central figure in the
realm of electronic
music.
- The climax of his
composition al
ambition came in 1977
when he announces
the creation of Licht
(light), a seven part
opera.

ACTIVITY:

Let the participants identify

image of the 20th century
composers
Listen to the most popular
composition of Debussy ,
Schoenberg, Bartok & Stravin
sky Ravel, Prokofieff, Gers
hwin, Bernstein , Karlheinz ,
Stockhausen, Edgar Varese .

ACTIVITY:

Observe the melodic

progression, rhythm,
texture, mood and style of
the music they have
listened to.
Identify the title and the
composer of the songs
presented.

ANALYSIS:
How do you find the activity? Did
you enjoy listening to the music
of the different composers? Was
it challenging?
What can you say about the
melody, rhythm, texture, mood
and style of the music that you
have listened to ?
Which among the music did you
enjoy listening most and what
distinct musical style have you

ABSTRACTION:
Music of the 20th century
Introduction

In this history of music and arts, every

period has its own characteristic style
which is associated with the society
from which it originated. The period of
the 19th and 20th century perceived the
two world wars, and had been a period
of many changes:

ABSTRACTION:
Music of the 20th century
Introduction

advancement in technology, a period

of many inventions such as the
telephone, television, electronic light,
computers, cassette tapes,
synthesizers, CD players, and many
others. Because of this inventions,
experimentations were made in the
field of music and arts.

CONTENT STANDARDS:
The learner demonstrated
understanding of the 20th century
music styles and characteristics and
features.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD:
The learner creates musical pieces
using a particular style of the 20th
century

Suggested performance
activities:
Video Films or Live
Performances
1. Create and explore other
arts media that portray 20th
century elements through ,
video films, video clips, MTV
using your camera or mobile
phones.

Discuss and show your video work

in class.
Watch live performances of
musical concerts. Re- enact in
class what you have watched.
Make an audio video presentation
of the 20th century music and their
selected compositions.

Singing activity:
Individual or Group
* If group, you may choose your
partners. You can do a duet, trio or
quartet.
*Listen to the song Tonight, I
want to be in America and
Maria from the West Side Story.

*Each individual or group will

choose any of the songs
mentioned.
*You may bring your
accompaniment ( guitar,, flute,
recorder, beat box, drums,
violin, maracas, tambourine
etc.)
*Perform it in class.

*The rest of the groups will act

as judges for the performance
evaluation.
* Each group will have five
placards or score cards or paper
marked:
BEST, BETTER, GOOD, FAIR,
NEEDS FOLLOW UP

* Each judging group will display

a score card after evaluating
each individual or group.
* One student maybe assigned
to be the scores after the
performance and will announce
the Best Singer award.

INDIVIDUAL OR GROUP
ACTIVITY:
Class concert- live performance
Choose from the following
selections :
West Side Story by Bernstein,
Porgy and Bess by Gershwin

You will be grouped into four.

You choose your group if you will
be doing the following: singing,
dancing, acting, directing, script
writing or accompanist.
* Perform in class

Performance Practice:
*Research on the 20th century
musical play West Side Story
composed by Leonard
Bernstein.
*Watch the film West Side Story.

Performance Practice:
Write a reaction paper explaining
the performance through the f:
Setting
Composition
Role Composer, Performers,
Audience

APPLICATION:
WITH YOUR GROUP,
CONCEPTUALIZE A PRESENTATION
ON HOW CAN YOU LOCALIZE WEST
SIDE STORY, PORGY AND BESS.

RUBRICS: The identifiers for the

following indicators will depend on
theBEST
given activity.
BETTER
GOOD
FAIR

APPLICATION:
Group the participants by
region.
Aside from the activities
presented, what more
activities can you
conceptualize that fits the
lessons on the 20th Century
Music?

Make a budgeted outlay of the

1st quarter lessons based on
the items on the session
guide ( TOPIC, MUSICAL OR
ARTISTIC CHARACTERISTICS,
FAMOUS COMPOSERS/ARTISTS
AND THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS (WITH
HISTORICAL
BACKGROUND)L0CALIZATION/

CONTEXTUALIZATION,DIFFERENTIA
TED INSTRUCTION (ACTIVITIES),

to see to it that all the

significant informations in the
diferent genre will be
discussed.

THANK YOU!!!
DR. MA. FE BRILLANTES SUMACULUB
DepEd Region VI, Division of Iloilo