Power Electronics and Switch Mode Power Supply: Technology Training That Works Technology Training That Works

Power Electronics and Switch
Mode Power Supply
www.idc-online.com/slideshare
Technology Training that Works
Objectives
Understand the basic principle of Power Supply Unit
Study Series and Shunt Regulators
Know what are the implications of Power supply
Study Linear Regulator
Know the power supply specifications
Understand the block diagram of SMPS
Explore Heater as SMPS
Compare SMPS and Linear Supplies
Study Buck and Boost Types of Switch-mode regulators
Basic Principles of PSU Circuits

Power Supply :
Provides power with the characteristics
required by the load
Block diagram of PSU

Dissipative Power Supplies

Regulation by a conversion of excessive power to heat
Converts heat with either a series or a shunt element
Series Regulators:
Shunt Regulators:
Dissipative Power Supplies

Shunt Regulators :
Vin = Vo * (1 + SQRT (1-a)) / a

Where,
a = 1-tolerance
R2 = a * (Vin Vo) / Imax
Imax = Maximum load current
Implications of Power Loss :

Three systems with the same
electronic load with power supplies of
three different efficiencies, 35%, 65%,
and 83%.
Equal Thermal Density Vs Efficiency
Linear Regulator
(a)
(b)
(c)
Linear Regulator (a) :
Output voltage Vo = Vi (R2/R1 + R2)
Passive Linear Regulators (b) :
Vo = Vz Vbe
Active Linear Regulators (c)
Vo = Vref (R4 / R5)
Linear Regulator
Advantages:
Extremely low ripple and noise
Tight regulation
Fast Transient Response
No RFI and EMI
Disadvantages:
Efficiency Main regulator 45%
Large heat sink required
Lower power supply density
Cost and efficiency are the limitations for high current
applications
Power Supply Specifications
DC Output Voltage(s) VO
(range)
DC Output Current(s) IO
(range)
Load regulation % or mV
Line Regulation % or mV
Ripple / Wideband noise mV
Temperature Coefficient V
per C
Load Transient Recovery time
s
Short Circuit protection SCP
Over voltage protection OVP
Under voltage protection

Temperature Rating 0 17 C or
-55 to 100 C
RFI suppression +EMI shielding
DC output isolation
Input voltage range
Size and shape
Weight
Connectors
Turn on / turn off spikes
Voltage rate-of-rise at turn on
Vibration resistance
Shutdown mode supply current
Common parameters
Input Range :
For 110V AC current, an input range of 90V 135V
For a 220V current, a range of 180V 270V
MTBF and MTTF :
Mean Time between Failure (MTBF) and Mean Time to
Failure (MTTF) are the two parameters related to the
failure of the power supply
Peak Inrush Current :
Greatest amount of current drawn by the power supply at a given
moment immediately after it is turned on
Common parameters
Transient Response :
Amount of time taken by a power supply to stabilize
the output power levels after a device in the system
starts or stops drawing power
Load Current :
Maximum load current
Minimum load current
Hold-up Time :
Amount of time that a power supply can maintain output

within the specified voltage ranges after a loss of input
power
Common parameters
Over-voltage Protection :
Trip points for each output at which the power

supply shunts down
Load Regulation :
Change in the voltage for a particular output as

it transitions from its minimum load to its
maximum load (or voce versa)
Line regulation :
Change in the output voltage as the AC input

voltage transitions from the lowest to the
highest value of the input range
Efficiency :
Ratio of power input to power output expressed

in terms of percentage
Power Density :
Defined as watts per cubic inch
Common parameters
Physical dimensions and can be given in inches
(in) or millimeters (mm)
Dimension :
Weight :
Specified in pounds (lb) or kilograms (kg)
Fan Size
Fan Bearing Type
Fan Characteristics :
Voltage
Capacity
SMPS Block Diagram

Functional Block Diagram of SMPS :
Switching Mode Power Supplies

Heater :
Heater schematic
Heater Waveform
Duty Cycle = Ton / (Ton + Toff)
Linear and SMPS Comparison

Efficiency :
Efficiency comparisons between series pass

and switch mode power supply
Cost :
Cost comparison between series

pass and switch mode power
supply

Volume / Weight :
Volume / Weight comparison between series pass and SMPS
Adjustable Frequency :
Switch mode allows adjusting the frequency from 1 to 300 kHz
Flexibility :
SMPS more flexible due to capability of adjusting frequency

Noise :
Noise comparison between

series pass and SMPS

Transient Response :
Parameter
Switcher
Linear
Efficiency
75%
30%
Size
20 KHz Switcher Vs Linear

Performance :
2.0 W / in3
0.5 W / in3
Weight
40 W / lb
Cost (200 500 W)
$ 1.00 / W
$ 1.25 / W
Cost (50 150 W)
$ 1.50 / W
$ 1.50 / W
10 W / lb
Line and Load

Regulation
0.1 %
0.1%
Output Ripple Vp-p
50 mV
5.0 mV
Noise Vp-p
50 200 mV
20 mV
Transient Response
1 ms
Hold-up Time
20 30 ms
Design
Complex
Power Density
High
Input Line Filter
Required
EMI
High
20 s
1 2 ms
Simple
Low
Not-required
Low

Offer better energy control
Less Weight
Advantages:
Higher density (Watts / in3 )

Provide modularization
Provides additional alternatives to optimize audio
design circuitry
EMI filtering &shielding is required

Disadvantages:
Noise
Summary
A Power Supply
a buffer circuit or Electronic Device that provides power
with the characteristics required by the load from a primary
source with characteristics incompatible with the load
Dissipative regulators
Conversion of excessive power to heat
Linear Regulator
A voltage divider circuit
SMPS
Minimal power loss during power conversion
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Power Electronics and Switch

Mode Power Supply

Technology Training that Works

Technology Training that Works

Basic Principles of PSU Circuits

Block diagram of PSU

Technology Training that Works

Dissipative Power Supplies

Technology Training that Works

Dissipative Power Supplies

Vin = Vo * (1 + SQRT (1-a)) / a

Implications of Power Loss :

Technology Training that Works

Linear Regulator (a) :

Output voltage Vo = Vi (R2/R1 + R2)

Passive Linear Regulators (b) :

Active Linear Regulators (c)

Vo = Vref (R4 / R5)

Technology Training that Works

Technology Training that Works

Power Supply Specifications

Under voltage protection

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Technology Training that Works

Amount of time that a power supply can maintain output

Technology Training that Works

Trip points for each output at which the power

Change in the voltage for a particular output as

Change in the output voltage as the AC input

Ratio of power input to power output expressed

Defined as watts per cubic inch

Technology Training that Works

Specified in pounds (lb) or kilograms (kg)

Technology Training that Works

SMPS Block Diagram

Technology Training that Works

Switching Mode Power Supplies

Duty Cycle = Ton / (Ton + Toff)

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Linear and SMPS Comparison

Efficiency comparisons between series pass

Cost comparison between series

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Linear and SMPS Comparison

Volume / Weight comparison between series pass and SMPS

Technology Training that Works

Linear and SMPS Comparison

Noise comparison between

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Linear and SMPS Comparison

20 KHz Switcher Vs Linear

Cost (200 500 W)

Cost (50 150 W)

Line and Load

Output Ripple Vp-p

Input Line Filter

Technology Training that Works

Linear and SMPS Comparison

Higher density (Watts / in3 )

EMI filtering &shielding is required

Technology Training that Works

Technology Training that Works

DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?