Tack

Welding

Ship Terms

Introduction
Course
Overview

Course Objectives
Practice safety
Distinguish
between welding
and tack welding
Follow tack
welding standards

Identify tack
welding parts,
types and
materials
Setup and
operate SMAW
equipment

Benefits

Tack Welding Safety

Practice safety regulations
Wear correct PPE
Recognize safety signs
and signals

Whats the Difference?

The size of the weld!

Site Accidents

Mental/physical
stress

Foot & vehicle

traffic congestion

Medications, illness
or injury

Hurried shift
changes

Alcohol and drug

abuses

Faulty or
damaged
equipment
7

PPE Illustration

Lab 1: Wear PPE

Observe how Personal Protective
Equipment should be worn when welding.

Observe Tack Welding

Activity 1: Pay attention to what you see,
hear, feel and smell in the environment
while observing tack welding in action.

10

Safety Precautions

11

Welding Accidents Video

Activity 2: Watch video and discuss
questions.
Insert (welding) Photo Here

12

Lab 2: SMAW Tack Welding

Observe and listen as SMAW tack
welding is being performed.

13

Tack Welding Safety Quiz

Test Your Knowledge!

14

PPE Application
Assessment
Test Your Knowledge!

15

Tack Welding Basics

Follow tack welding
quality standards
Identify tack weld
types and structural
components
Prepare weld
surfaces

16

Welding Defined
A fabrication process
that joins materials
into one piece by
melting and adding a
filler to form a pool of
molten material that
cools to become a
strong joint.

17

Tack Welding
Tack welding is a
Short weld.

i ll
w
d
l
e
kw
c
a
t
a
by
n
g, in
o
n
i
t
o
r
a
r
w
pe
or
o
t
g
h
n
g
i
i
r
d
el
o,
w
d
f
u
o
o
y
y
t
er
!
ali
v
u
u
e
o
q
t
y
a
e
h
g
h
t
n
W
ct
wi
a
o
l
p
l
o
m
f
i
n
o
s
r
e
p
directly
e
th
18

Good and Bad Tack Welds

ion.
t
r
o
t
is
d
t
in
jo
t
n
preve
s
lp
e
h
g
in
ld
e
w
Tack

Travel to Fast

Travel Too Slow

Amperage Too Low

Amperage Too High

Arc Too Short

Arc Too Slow

A Good Weld!

19

Lab 3: Tack Welding Demo

Observe a good and bad tack weld being
demonstrated.

20

Tack Welding Preparation

teria
a
m
f
o
n
o
i
t
a
r
a
p
pre
e
h
t
s
g.
e
n
i
b
i
d
r
l
c
e
s
w
e
d
ck
s
a
t
s
r
e
o
c
f
o
r
s
ce
a
f
In P
r
u
s
d
an

ls

Insert Photo
Here
(Preparation
of weld
surface)

21

Lab 4: Tack Weld Surface Prep

Observe a tack weld surface being
prepared.
Insert Photo
Here
(Preparation
of weld
surface)

22

Tack Welding Standards

This course will
provide you with
knowledge to
perform tack welding
procedures generally
required of entrylevel shipfitters at
most any shipyard.
with
k
c
e
h
C
t.
c
je
ro
p
vary by
n
a
c
s
e
d
o
c
g
in
ld
ting
la
We
u
g
e
r
e
th
f
o
re
u
s
are un
u
o
y
if
r
o
is
rv
e
p
u
s
your
ject.
codes for your pro
23

AWS Welding Standards

Activity 3: Study tack welding standards
and American Welding Society (AWS)
Codes

24

Tack Welding Positions

1Flat
2Vertical
3Horizontal

Insert Photo
Here (A tack
welding
position)

4Overhead
that
e
d
o
c
e
th
s
a
d
te
a
n
A number is desig
n.
io
it
s
o
p
g
in
ld
e
w
h
c
ea
corresponds with
25

Welding Position Designations

Activity 4: Identify welding position designations.

2G
1F
3F
4G

26

Lab 5: Welding Position Demo

Observe welding positions being
demonstrated and explained.
Insert Photo
Here
(Welding
Positions)

27

Structural Components/Shapes
1. I-Beam
2. H-Beam
3. Tee Bar
4. Angle
5. Channel
7. Square Tubing
9. Flat Bar
ents
n
o
p
m
o
c
n
o
m
m
o
c
st
These are the mo
ing.
tt
fi
ip
h
s
l
e
v
e
-l
y
tr
n
used in e
28

Component Identifiers

of
l
ra
e
v
e
s
to
e
u
iq
n
are u
Certain identifiers
fitting.
to
n
o
m
m
o
c
s
r
e
b
the structural mem
29

Lab 6: Structural Components

Study structural components.

30

Tack Welding Terms

ro
Elect
de

Rod
Stick

C a b le

Use the glossary

of terms in your
PG to learn new
words!

Flux

fitting.
ip
h
s
in
s
rd
o
w

z
uz
There are many b
31

Tack Welding Basics Quiz

Test Your Knowledge!

32

SMAW Equipment
Setup and operate
SMAW equipment
safely
Adjust basic power
supplies
Attach welding leads,
cables, electrodes
and ground clamps

33

SMAW
Shielded Metal Arc
Welding is the main
welding process
used in tack welding.

d joins
n
a
s
lt
e
m
h
ic
h
w
s
SMAW is a proces
that is
c
r
a
n
a
h
it
w
m
e
th
metals by heating
trode
c
le
e
l
ta
e
m
d
te
a
co
struck between a
e.
and the work piec
34

SMAW Features
1. Stick Welding Power SourceConstant Current
(CC), AC or DC
2. Insulated Electrode Holder (whip)
3. Workpiece
4. Work Clamp

35

Lab 7: SMAW Demo

Observe basic hook up and features of
SMAW process.
Welding Machine
Ground Lead

On

Electrode Holder

Of

Electrod
e
Arc

Workpie
ce

Electrode Lead

36

Voltage and Current

Voltage is actually the measure of current
flow:
Voltage and Current
Voltage (Volts)
Current

LEARN THIS SYMBOL!

This is the international safety symbol for high voltage. It
means CAUTION, RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK.
37

Amperage

Amperage = Intensity

ectly
ir
d
t
n
re
r
u
c
e
th
f
o
ge
Intensity or ampera
e this is
s
u
a
c
e
b
ty
li
a
u
q
ld
impacts tack we
the heat source.
38

Welding Leads and Polarity

Polarity =
Direction of
current flow
Welding lead
that holds
ground clamp

Welding lead
that holds
electrode
holder

DCEN
r
o
P
E
C
D
:
ts
p
e
c
Two Con
39

Lab 8: Hooking Up Weld Leads

Observe the hook up of DCEP and DCEN
weld leads.

40

SMAW Equipment
ACalternating only
DCdirect only
AC/DCboth alternating
and direct

the
to
te
a
ic
d
in
s
n
o
ti
a
Machine classific
t
a
th
re
u
d
e
c
ro
p
g
f weldin
o
e
p
ty
h
ic
h
w
r
e
ld
we
upport.
s
to
d
e
n
ig
s
e
d
is
machine

41

SMAW Equipment Selection

Identify:

Welding process
Welding current
Maximum amperage
Primary power connections

42

Exercise: Equipment Selection

Welding process?
Welding current?
Maximum amperage?
Primary power connections?

43

Electrode/Amperage Selection

ect
rr
o
c
e
th
re
A
:
lf
e
s
Ask your
ns
o
ti
c
e
n
n
o
c
r
e
w
o
p
outlets and
kup?
o
o
h
fe
a
s
r
fo
le
b
a
avail

44

Lab 9: Weld Machine Demo

Observe how a welding machine
functions and how the power sources
vary.

45

String Welding Lead

After machine
selection, first string
the welding lead.
Welding
lead.

d,
The larger the lea
uct!
d
n
o
c
n
a
c
it
t
n
e
rr
the more cu

46

Weld Lead End Connections

Proper end connections need to be made
to effectively setup welding leads.

Ground Clamp

Lugs

Electrode Holder

47

Line Control
de
ck Reference Gui
Line Control Qui
rk.
fore doing any wo
be
e
ag
m
da
r
fo
eded
1.Inspect lines
ing any repairs ne
ak
m
by
s
rd
da
an
st
cs which
2.Adhere to OSHA
reaks can cause ar
(B
.
ks
ea
br
or
ts
to insulation cu
and cables.)
so long that
damage surfaces
work area but not
e
th
h
ac
re
to
th
3.Adjust line leng
coiled.
c in
it must always be
damage from traffi
or
g
in
pp
tri
t
en
ev
4.String lines to pr
ad
area.
s and place overhe
sle
ai
or
s
ay
kw
al
w
m
5.Remove lines fro
ng
when necessary.
n overhead stringi
he
w
ps
m
ra
or
ds
boar
hicular
6.Protect lines with
ty from foot and ve
fe
sa
rs
fe
of
s
hi
(T
cannot be done.
.)
lines.
traffic in work area
ent when stringing
pm
ui
eq
g
in
ag
m
res or
da
7.Avoid
instrumentation wi
ne
hi
ac
m
er
ov
es
damage.)
8.Never string lin
ement can cause
ov
m
or
t
gh
ei
w
e
in
ts.
tubing. (L
away from nip poin
es
lin
uld
ng
di
el
w
re
9.Secu
equipment that co
or
ls
ia
er
at
m
ed
detach
of lines.
10.Check for any
ght or movement
ei
w
e
th
r
de
un
e
ps
overhead or
be shifted or colla
es when stringing
lin
ng
di
el
w
f
of
tie
the
11.Use rope to
pport the weight of
su
ly
fe
sa
n
ca
e
op
between floors. (R
g damage.)
in
line without caus

Use the line control quick reference guide!

48

Lab 10: Cable Connections

Observe how to make cable connections
and string cable safely.

Practice working with a partner.

49

Electrode Holders

Electrode holders are used to

grip the electrode while the tack
weld is being completed.

50

Ground Clamp Location

Ground clamps form a

connection between the material
being worked and the lead
serving as a return path for
electrical current.

51

Ground Clamp Location

ence Guide
tion Quick Refer
ca
Lo
p
am
Cl
ce
Workpie
have
proceeding if you
re
fo
be
or
is
rv
pe
su
1.Consult with your
ugh any
any questions.
rrent passing thro
cu
d
oi
av
to
p
am
2.Position cl
l
.
to protect electrica
contacting surface
ry
tte
ba
e
th
at
ad
iece le
3.Disconnect workp
t.
g mobile equipmen
ar them.
systems when usin
ng is performed ne
di
el
w
en
wh
s
)
rie
4.Remove batte
is very explosive.
s
rie
tte
ba
by
ed
oduc
l system as
(Hydrogen gas pr
isolate an electrica
to
an
ci
tri
ec
el
an
5.Have
tion.
with
needed for protec
ps to pipes loaded
am
cl
ce
ie
kp
or
w
t
ec
6.Dont ever conn
sive material.
rro
flammable or co
good connection to
a
es
ak
m
p
am
cl
iece
7.Ensure the workp
int or other foreign
the workpiece.
pa
rt,
di
g
in
ov
m
re
ces by
ce clamp.
8.Clean work surfa
erheat the workpie
ov
d
ul
co
at
th
es
e fully or
substanc
en they do not clos
wh
ps
m
cla
e
ec
pi
9.Change work
aged.
are otherwise dam

Use the Workpiece Clamp Location Quick

Reference Guide!

52

Lab 11: Attach a Ground Clamp

Observe how to attach a ground clamp for
SMAW.

Practice working with a partner.

53

Tack Weld Cleaning

Common Cleaning Tools:
Chipping hammers
Wire brushes
Needle guns
Grinders
Scaling guns

54

Lab 12: Use Hand Tools

Observe how to use hand tools to clean
and prepare surfaces.

55

Welding Equipment Safety

t Sheet
ent Safety Chea
Welding Equipm
k. W hen it
d if a rod gets stuc
iel
sh
ce
fa
ur
yo
e
1.Never remov
sh.
contact with
releases, it will fla
to avoid coming in
es
hin
ac
m
ing
ld
we
shock or worse!
2.Properly ground
n lead to electrical
ca
is
th
e
nc
si
nt
primary circuit of
primary curre
ct contact with the
re
di
oid
av
to
ns
3.Take precautio
e electrocution.
use this can caus
ca
be
ine
ch
ma
ing
rnators indoors
a weld
generators or alte
n
ive
dr
egin
en
n
ning.
4.Never ru
on monoxide poiso
rb
ca
e
us
ca
n
ca
They are very
because they
welding machine.
g
llin
fa
a
op
st
to
5.Do not attempt
verely injure you.
machine before
heavy and can se
nect for a welding
on
sc
di
l
ca
tri
ec
el
ickly disable
6.Identify the
ergency you can qu
em
an
in
at
th
so
hookup and use
tteries
the power source.
any kind around ba
of
ng
tti
cu
or
ing
weld
7.Do not conduct
acid.
e nature of battery
siv
plo
ex
machines while
e
th
to
e
du
an engine-driven
cle
or
f
of
ow
bl
to
e injury.
8.Do not attempt
ng debris and caus
sli
n
ca
rts
pa
g
in
avoid
Mov
they are running.
arting machines to
st
re
fo
be
s
ing
wl
and co
9.Close all covers
g parts.
in
aning
exposure to mov
otection when cle
pr
nd
ha
d
an
e
ey
ar
hot for
10.Continue to we
aterials remaining
m
d
an
s
ce
rfa
su
work
equipment due to
.
ds
d keep all
extended perio
uds of any kind an
st
dy
bo
or
ry
el
flames.
11.Never wear jew
ected from heat or
ot
pr
or
d/
an
en
av
sh
conditions can
exposed body hair
that environmental
es
tim
l
al
at
e
ar
12.Remain aw
.
create heat stress

Use the Welding Equipment Safety Cheat Sheet!

56

SMAW Equipment Quiz

Test Your Knowledge!

57

SMAW Electrodes
Recognize and select
electrodes
Identify electrodes
based on code
classifications
Determine
applications of low
hydrogen electrode
groups
Handle and store
electrodes according
to procedures
58

SMAW Electrodes
Consumable
electrodes melt into
the weld joint and
become part of the
initial weld.

able
m
u
s
n
o
c
n
o
n
le vs.
b
a
m
u
s
n
o
c
es .
ode is
s
tr
s
c
e
c
le
o
e
r
p
e
h
g
t
,
in
er weld
h
In SMAW
t
o
in
d
e
s
u
electrodes
59

Electrode Flux
SMAW electrodes have a metal core with
a flux coating.
Fluxshields the weld
Wire coretransfers the current to the
material.

60

Lab 13: Tack Welding Demo

Observe how to use electrodes to tack
weld.

Insert Photo Here

61

Electrode Classification

hen
w
s
k
r
o
w
g
in
m ber
u
n
d
n
a
g
in
r
lette
g.
e
in
h
t
ld
e
w
w
o
h
k
c
w
a
t
o
Kn
s for
e
d
o
r
t
c
le
e
g
selectin
62

Electrode Classification
Activity 5: Locate the classification of
each electrode and describe what each
number and letter represents.

63

Electrode Groups

Insert Photo Here

ral
e
n
e
g
n
o
d
e
d bas
e
t
a
e
r
c
e
e is
r
d
a
o
r
s
t
p
c
u
le
o
r
e
g

e
n
droge
y
Electrod
H
w
o
L

e
nd th
a
,
s
g.
ic
t
in
is
ld
r
e
e
t
w
c
k
a
r
c
a
a
t
h
c
on to
m
m
o
c
t
s
o
m
t he
64

Electrode Selection

etal
m
e
s
a
b
,
t
n
e
uipm
q
e
g
in
ld
e
ts all
n
w
e
f
o
m
e
e
ir
g
u
n
q
a
r
e
r
t
sign
e
Curren
d
d
n
a
s
n
io
posit
ion.
t
ld
c
e
le
w
e
s
,
s
e
ie
d
t
r
o
r
e
t
prop
in elec
t
r
a
p
t
n
a
ic
if
play a sign
65

Compatibility Demonstration
Activity 6: Watch how to test for base
metal and electrode compatibility.

66

Electrode Storage & Handling

Store filler metal in
warm, dry area away
from floor.
Place them to avoid
possible damage.
Put electrodes in
oven if containers
have been opened.
s!
s
e
in
s
u
b
s
u
serio
is
s
e
d
o
r
t
c
le
g of e
n
li
d
n
a
h
r
e
p
Pro

67

Lab 14: Low Hydrogen Demo

Observe how a low hydrogen E7018
electrode works when tack welding.

Insert Photo Here

68

SMAW Electrodes Quiz

Test Your Knowledge!

69

SMAW Techniques
Setup SMAW
equipment
Strike an arc
Tack weld using
6010 and 7018
electrodes

70

Weld Coupons

ctice.
a
r
p
g
in
ld
e
w
d for
e
s
u
e
r
a
s
n
o
uld a
o
w
u
o
y
s
Weld coup
a
t
on jus
p
u
o
c
g
in
ld
e
our w
y
p
e
r
p
s
ce .
y
a
ie
p
k
r
Alw
o
w
r
la
u
reg
71

Preparing Test Coupons

1. Use hand tool to realign
workpieces on the sides
and ends
2. Tack the far ends of
workpieces
3. Make intermediate tack
welds as needed to
maintain workpiece
alignment

72

Compatibility Demonstration
Activity 7: Observe and listen to
information about different weld coupons.
Insert Photo

73

Lab 15: Tack Welding Demo

Observe how the first steps of tack
welding are performed.

Insert Photo Here

74

SMAW Components
Find the following:
Stick welding
power source
Insulated
electrode holder
Workpiece
Ground clamp

75

Stick Welding Setup

Follow steps 1-7

in PG for simple
setup.

76

Lab 16: Setup Equipment

Observe how to setup SMAW equipment:
Workpiece
Work clamp
Electrode holder

Answer the questions in your PG.

77

Striking an Arc

Two Techniques:
Scratch start
Tapping

78

Scratch Start Technique

Remember:
Welding current
starts as soon as
you touch the
workpiece

Part 1Electrode
Part 2Workpiece
Part 3Arc
79

Tapping Technique
Bring electrode
straight down to
workpiece
Lift slightly
Part 1Electrode
Part 2Workpiece
Part 3Arc
80

Lab 17: Striking an Arc

Observe how to strike an arc:
Scratch start technique
Tapping technique

en
h
w
s
le
u
r
ty
e
f
a
all s
ly
p
p
a
d
n
a
n
io
t
Exercise cau
striking an arc!
81

Positioning Electrode Holder

Best Results:
Hold a short arc
Travel at uniform speed
Feed electrode downward at constant rate
Fillet Welds

82

Lab 18:Fillet Welding Demo

Observe the techniques of fillet tack
welding.

83

Electrode Movement
1. Stringer Bead
2. Weave Bead
3. Weave Patterns

84

Conditions Affecting Beads

1. Electrode Angle

2. Arc Length

3. Travel Speed
85

Poor Weld Beads

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Large spatter deposits

Rough, uneven bead
Slight crater during welding
Bad overlap
Poor penetration

86

Good Weld Beads

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Fine spatter
Uniform bead
Moderate crater during welding
No overlap
Good penetration into
base metal

87

Lab 19: Good and Bad Demo

Observe the differences between good
and bad tack welds.

88

Welding Coupon Test

Strike weld joint in the direction shown
When test coupon breaks, weld will be
examined for proper penetration and tieins

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Lab 20: Creating Tack Welds

Integrate your skills!

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SMAW Techniques Quiz

Test Your Knowledge!

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Summary

Tack Welding Safety

Tack Welding Basics

SMAW Electrodes

SMAW Equipment

SMAW Techniques
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Tack Welding Application

Assessment
Test Your Skills & Knowledge!

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Whats Next?
Lets take a look at whats next in the
course curriculum.

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