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OTC000003
WDM Principle
ISSUE 1.21
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Development of DWDM
1. Growth of voice, data, new services
2. Desire for information, communication
1. Developed rapidly :
42.5Gb/s3210Gb/s1.6Tb/s
2. Developing trend: OADM, OXC
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&cost
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What's WDM
Gas Station
Free Way
Patrol Car
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WDM Concept
Different signals with specific wavelength are multiplexed into a fiber
for transmission.
SDH signal
IP package
ATM cells
1 2
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O
M
/
O
A
O
A
/
O
D
OLA
OSC
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
OSC
OSC
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OTU
OTU
OTU
MUX
DMUX
O
T
U
O
T
U
STATION A
STATION B
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DMUX/MUX
MUX/DMUX
O
T
U
O
T
U
STATION B
STATION A
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DMUX
MUX
Optical amplifier
O
T
U
O
T
U
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Access channels
DMUX
Optical amplifier
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Advantages of DWDM
Transparent media
Long haul transmission
High capacity
Use existing optical fibers
High performance-to-cost ratio
Reliability
Easy upgrading
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The CWDM greatly reduces the system cost while providing certain
amount of wavelengths and transmission distance within 100 km.
Difference between CWDM and DWDM:
Types
CWDM
DWDM
Channel Spacing
20nm
0.4nm or 0.8nm
Wavelength Range
1311~1611nm
C-band: 1529nm~1561nm
L-band: 1570nm~1603nm
Transmission Capacity
16 * 2.5Gb/s = 40G
Laser
Uncooled Laser
Cooled Laser
Cost
30%
expensive
Application
100km
4000km
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Questions
What are WDM, DWDM and CWDM?
Briefly introduce two transmission modes of WDM equipment.
What is the open and integrated system?
Briefly introduce the composition of the WDM system.
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Summary
technologies;
The development of WDM technologies;
The working modes, structures and
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Cladding
n2
Core
n1
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Attenuation (dB/km)
5dB/km
4dB/km
3dB/km
2dB/km
1dB/km
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Dispersion
DATA IN
DATA OUT
Input
laser
Optical
receiver
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Dispersion
G.652:widely used, need
dispersion compensation
for high rate transmission
Dispersion coefficient
(ps/nm
km)
17
G.653 fiber
G.652 fiber
G.655 fiber with negative
dispersion coefficient
1310
1550
Wavelength
(nm)
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Dispersion Compensation
The pulse will be broadened because of
dispersion in transmission.
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Summary
optical fibers;
The characteristics of optical fibers.
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Optical Supervisory
Technologies
Optical Source
Multiplexer and
Demultiplexer
Optical Amplifiers
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Laser
Direct modulation
Electro-absorption (EA) external modulator
Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) external modulator
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Direct modulation
LD
modulation
current
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EA
modulation
current
Support long haul transmission (2.5Gb/s > 600km)
Less chirp
High Dispersion tolerance(2.5Gb/s: 7200~12800ps/nm)
High reliability
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LD
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Comparision of Modulation
Types
Max. dispersion
toleration (ps/nm)
Cost
Wavelength
Stability
Direct Modulator
EA Modulator
M-Z Modulator
1200~4000
7200~12800
>12800
moderate
expensive
very expensive
good
better
best
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Optical Amplifiers
Semiconductor Optical
Amplifier (SOA)
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E2 meta-stable state
1550nm
signal light
Stimulated radiation
1550nm
signal light
980nm
pump light
E1 ground state
Er3+ energy level diagram
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Signal input
WDM
TAP
Optical isolator
PD
EDF
Pumping laser
Pumping laser
EDF
ISO
Signal output
TAP
PD Optical detector
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Gain Locking
Drop
>1dB
<0.5dB
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Gain Locking
Add
>1dB
<0.5dB
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Gain
Pump
Stimulated Raman Scattering
30nm
(SRS)
13THz (~100nm)
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PUMP2 PUMP3
30nm
70~100nm
Span 1
Span k
EDFA
EDFA
Receiving
transmitting
Raman Pump
Raman Pump
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Application of OA
According to its application:
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Multilpexer
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1
2 3
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1-4
1 filter
Self-focusing lens
1
3 filter
2
3
4
Glass
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Waveguide
grating
2
Free space
Fan-like
waveguide
Fan-like
waveguide
Small spacing
Large number of channels
Flat pass-band
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1 Optical Supervisory
Technologies OSC
2 Electrical Supervisory
Technologies ESC
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14
15
16
31
TS0:
TS17: F2 byte
TS1:
E1 byte
TS18: F3 byte
TS2:
F1 byte
TS19: E2 byte
TS3-TS13, TS15:
D1-D12 bytes
Others: Reserved
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OSC transmission
O
M
B
A
F
I
U
F
I
U
OSC input
P
A
OSC output
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O
D
insertion loss of the FIU. This lowers the cost and the power budget
of optical channels.
NMS
NMS
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Questions
What are electro-absorption laser modulation scheme.
How many types are there for the wavelength division multiplexer?
rate of DWDM?
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Summary
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G.655
G.661/G.662/G.663
Relevant recommendations of OA
G.671
G.957
G.691
G.692
G.709
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Questions
Which are the ITU-T recommendations involved for WDM part?
What is the absolute reference frequency for WDM systems? What
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Summary
Areas
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Thank You
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