Major

Lineages
of Life

Concepcion ,
Almira

( The
Silva,Human
Benji Brayan

Introduction
Tracing back
footsteps
Eve and
Evolution
Misconceptions
References

First Theories

Charles Darwin
On the Origin of Species (1859)
First to link biological diversity to
evolution
The Descent of Man, and Selection in
Paleontology
Relation
toLouis
Sex (1871)
Mary
and
Leakey
Study
of prehistoric
life of all forms,
Described human evolution
Lifetimes
typically using
fossils
dedicated
to finding fossil
Saw aesthetic factors (looks) as sexual
evidence of human ancestors in Africa
Paleoanthropology
attractors

Additional terms
Notable
Personalities

Olduvai
Study ofGeorge
prehistoric

human life (and

Theancestry),
human
using fossils
Cradle oftypically
Mankind
Thomas
Huxley
Great Rift Valley in eastern Africa
Evidence
as to Mans Place in Nature
(1863)
(Tanzania)
First book to describe human evolution
Erosion reveals layers of datable

artifacts, bones, and fossils going

These scientists
wrote about
human
back 2,000,000
years

Back

The
TheHominin
Austrolopithecines
Group
The
Ancestors to humans
Paranthropus
broke off from the apes line (6 MYA)
Group
fossils from 4-19 MYA are in scare
Known Fossil Species

Candidates for first hominin

Fossil
Species
- *Known
-Austrolopithecus
anamensis
(3.9 MYA)
Ardipithecus
ramidus
kadabba (from
Ethiopia)
- * Sahelantropus tchadensis (from Chad)
- * Orrorin tugensin (from
- Austrolophitecus
afarensis (3.6 MYA)
Kenya)

Homo sapiens
Thesapiens
Homo Group
- Paranthropus robustus
(and what make us human?)
Known
Homo neanderthalensis
(28, 000-150,000
YA)
erectus
(15,
000-750,000
YA)
habilis
(2.3
MYA)
- Paranthropus
aethiopicus
Fossil
Species
- Austrolophitecus africanus (2.8 MYA)

* Speech gene (FOXP2 gene)

Note:
genes
- Paranthropus
** Hemoglobin
Large
brains,
prominent
brow
arches
Angledboisie
skull,
possible
speech
Communal
living
in cave,
first
stone
tools
a.
The
designation
(humans
from
embryonic
to
fetal
versions
of
-switch
Austrolophitecus
garhi
(2.5
MYA)
* Muscular
Jaws,
distinct
of
teeth
Social,
tool-using,
first
to
ofspacing
the Paranthropus
Care
forCooperative,
the
young
hemoglobin
group brow
is a widely
Large-barrel
shaped
chests
use **fire
Shallow
forehead,
massive
ridges
Longer fetal period, increased
braincontext.
growth
and activity
debated
* Formidable
hunters
(rhinos,
elks,
Male-Female
pairs
Brain
about
1/3
the size
of
modern
ON GENE
EXPRESSION
(than
b.
1genomic)
MYA)
Back* MORE
Note: A.(2.7
garhi
hunted

mammoths)
* Brain about 1/3 the sizeand
of modern
humans
butchered meat.

We all have one

mother
.
.
.
- Studies of mtDNA of indigenous

Back

people worldwide showed that

there is a common ancestral
mitochondrial DNA sequence
- It is further hypothesized that the
ancestral
woman
lived
approximately 170,000-200,000
YA in Africa.

The 147 mtDNAs mapped were divisible into 133 distinct

types.

All of the known fossils evolved following one another

Back
making a single evolutional lineage .

REFERENCES:
o Dodson, E.O. Evolution
process and product. 3rd
ed. 1985. PWS
Publishers. USA.
o Futuyma, DJ. Evolution.
2nd ed. 2009. Sinauer
Associates, Inc.
Sunderland,
Massachusetts, USA.

Concepcion ,
Almira
Silva, Benji Brayan