PLANNING AND DESIGN

OF WEIRS AND
BARRAGES

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WEIRS AND BARRAGES

B.LAKSHMANARAO, B,Tech.,M.B.A.,F.I.E.,
Engineer-in-Chief (Rtd),
Central Designs Organisation,
HYDERABAD
Cell: 09440817277

PRAKASAM BARRAGE (From D/S side)

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PRAKASAM BARRAGE (From U/S side)

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PRAKASAM BARRAGE (From D/S side)

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A weir is a barrier to raise stream water level

with or without low shutters
RECTANGULAR
TRIANGULAR
TRAPEZOIDAL
CIPOLETTI
A Barrage is a barrier with low crest provided
with series of Gates across the river to
regulate water surface level and pattern of
flow upstream and other purposes,
distinguished from a weir in that it is gated
over its entire length and may or may not have
a raised sill .
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INVESTIGATION AND DATA REQUIRED

I) Preliminary investigations:

Study of available Maps

Regional and site geology
Study of foundation strata
Study of available hydrological data
Assessment of water requirement
Availability of Construction materials
Communication to the Site of work
Climate of the region

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II ) Detailed Investigations

Detailed Topographic Survey (Index Map, Site Survey Plan, Cross

Sections & Longitudinal Section)
Hydrological data - Rain fall, Discharge data (daily, Monthly, Annual),
Flood Hydrographs, Observed flood marks
Sedimentation data
Evaporation data
Surface and Sub surface Investigations including laboratory tests
Bore holes up to hard rock level or 10 to 25 m below river bed level
One or two bores for each bay, at body wall, U/s & D/s Cut off line
Availability of clay and its extent, depth & location
Rock strata : Trial pits to be excavated to know the over burden depth,
loose deposits, depth of weathered zone, extent of joints& Fissures for
treatment to prevent seepage

Water Table
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 Diversion arrangements (Extent of Command area,

Cropping pattern, Crop water requirements, Drinking
and Industrial water requirement to find out the
Discharge and FSL at Head)
Construction Material
Communication System to Access to Site
Other Miscellaneous Surveys (Pond Survey, Fish
Pass, Navigation, Communication & Bridges, Ice
problems
Environmental considerations (Fish culture, wild life
habitat, historical and cultural requirements, other
ecological factors like modification of natural flow
patterns , water logging, public health)
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LOCATION
Course of the River (Straight or Curvature, firm banks,
in- erodible bed, width of river i.e., narrow gorge or wide,
meandering, length of the fixed course should be 0.4 times the
meander length)
Availability of construction materials (Proximity to quarries)
Slope of the river (to determine Storage capacity, velocity in the
river)
Width of River bed (not too wide or too narrow, to avoid silting
and higher intensities of discharge)
Foundation conditions
Confluence of Tributaries
Suitability of site for Under Sluice
Location of Head Regulator and head reach of Canal

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ALIGNMENT
Right angles to the course of the river
(Advantages unit discharge would be
maximum, uniform flow, suitable for
sandy foundations, more economical and
practical, avoid oblique to the currents as
far as possible)
Sufficient width and uniform width of river
Favourable foundation

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PLANNING AND LAYOUT

DESIGN FLOOD: The Diversion Structure has to be

designed providing sufficient water way to pass a flood with certain

degree of return period safely. (100 years frequency flood for
structure and free board to be provided for 500 year flood)
Gauge discharge curve up to these flood values shall be prepared.
Normal flood discharge at Pond level and maximum observed flood
level and Maximum designed flood level shall be determined.

Afflux

It is the raise in flood level in the Upstream due to construction of

diversion structure.
Afflux up to 1 m, but depends on site conditions (type of river bed,
top levels of river banks, degree of submersion etc.,)

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 FREE BOARD
Free board is to be provided to avoid over topping from
banks, generally 1.5 to 2 M over 500 year frequency
flood, to guard against wave splash

POND LEVEL
The Pond level is the water level required in the under
sluice pocket up stream of the canal head regulator to
feed the canal with its full supply.
Design working head to drive the required discharge
through Head regulator (minimum 0.15 m) plus losses
Provision for siltation in the head reach
High Pond level induces shoal formation, but needs to
assess the silt charge
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WATER WAY

LIMITS TO FIX WATER WAY:

Afflux, width of river available at site, river bed material available,
intensity of discharge, position of river banks
Looseness factor is generally between 1.1 to 1.5
High looseness factor tends shoal formation in front of Barrages and
cause damages and maintenance problems
The water way of Barrage is closely linked with various parameters such
as Discharge, cross section of the river at axis, nature of river bed
material, silt content of the river, crest levels of the under sluices, river
sluices, spillway bays, permissible afflux, permissible intensities of
discharge, dewatering problems, economy etc., Hence no particular
value is recommended

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CREST LEVEL
The crest level of Under Sluice is generally fixed at average bed
level or slightly raised.
The Crest level of Barrage bay is kept at 1 to 2 M above the
crest level of Under Sluice.
Finally crest levels fixed shall satisfy the Afflux and water way

TYPE OF CUT OFF

Sheet pile, RCC, Well cut -offs can be provided depending on
the foundation strata
Upstream cut off is required for safety against scour and also to
reduce seepage pressures beneath the floor.
Down stream cut off is provided for safety against scour and
also safety against piping action.
RCC cut offs in boulder beds and sheet pile cut offs in sandy
beds recommended.
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 CONSTRUCTION PROGRAM
RIVER DIVERSION DURING
CONSTRUCTION
LAY OUT
The Lay out of the Barrage consists of
Barrage bays, Under Sluice portion,
River Sluice and Head Regulators.

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Barrage Bay : 80 to 90% of Maximum flood discharge shall be passed

through Barrage bays. The number of spans shall be decided accordingly.
Under Sluice: 10 to 20% of the Maximum flood discharge shall be passed
through these bays.
The objective of providing Under Sluice:
To maintain clear and well defined river channel towards the Head
Regulator
To enable the canal to draw silt free water from surface only as far as
possible
Flush out the silt deposited in front of the Head regulator
The Under Sluice bays can be provided on both the flanks of the river
depending on the canals taking off.
The velocity in the Under Sluice bay shall be less that the velocity in the
Barrage bay.
The discharge capacity of the Scouring Sluice shall be at least twice the
discharge of Head Regulator.

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CUT OFFS

The Cut offs can be provided in RCC, Steel Sheet pile or wells.
These are the barriers provided below the floor both on U/s and
D/s
They extend from bank to bank and also in the longitudinal
direction of flow to have boxing effect
The main purpose is to increase the seepage path and also to
prevent piping action below the floor.
The depth of Sheet pile depends on the safety factor adapted for
the design

PIERS

These are provided in between each bay

The Gates are operated through grooves provided in the piers
Double piers are provided wherever necessary
The Hoist bridge and the Road bridge are also laid over the Piers
The Piers are constructed either independent foundation or
monolithic with the raft floor.

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PIERS
The thickness of Pier varies from 1.5 to 2.5 M generally
In case of RCC raft , the Pier extends from the U/s end to
D/s end of the floor
The Piers should be high enough to clearly pass the MFD.

DIVIDE WALL
It is provided between Barrage bays and Under Sluice
bay
It is also like Pier

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SIR ARTHER COTTON BARRAGE,

DOWLAISWARAM

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SIR ARTHER COTTON BARRAGE,

DOWLAISWARAM

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PRAKASAM BARRAGE

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GOTTA BARRAGE ACROSS

RIVER VAMSADHARA

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GOTTA BARRAGE

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GOTTA BARRAGE DURING FLOODS

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SWARNAMUKHI BARRAGE

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SWARNAMUKHI BARRAGE

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SRIPADA YELLAMPALLI BARRAGE

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MONGRA BARRAGE, CHATTISGARH

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ASAN BARRAGE ACROSS ASAN RIVER

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BHIMDODA BARRAGE ACROSS

RIVER GANGES, UTTARAKHAND

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CHAMAPAMATI BARRAGE ASSAM

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DAK PATHAR BARRAGE

ACROSS RIVER YAMUNA

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DURAGAPUR BARRAGE
CHATTISGARH

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FARAKA BARRAGE WEST BENGAL

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FARAKA BARRAGE WEST BENGAL

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FARAKA BARRAGE WEST BENGAL

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GANGA BARRAGE KANPUR

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HATHNI KUND BARAAGE ACROSS

RIVER YAMUNA HARYANA

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JOBRA BARRAGE ACROSS

MAHANADI, ORISSA

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KOTA BARRAGE ACROSS RIVER

CHAMBAL, RAJASTHAN

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TALWARA BARRAGE ACROSS RIVER

BEAS, PUNJAB

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VASNA BARRAGE, AHMEDABAD

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VASNA BARRAGE, AHMEDABAD

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WULLAR BARRAGE ACROSS RIVER

JHELUM, PAKISTAN

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SUKKUR BARRAGE ACROSS

RIVER INDUS, PAKISTAN

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BARRAGE ACROSS
RIVER INDUS, PAKISTAN

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CHASHMA BARRAGE PAKISTAN

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CHASHMA HYDERO ELECTRIC

PROJECT, PAKISTAN

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KOSHI BARRAGE - NEPAL

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MARINA BARRAGE- SINGAPORE

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MARINA BARRAGE SINGAPORE

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FORT PECK BARRAGE, USA

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BARAAGE IN BELGIUM

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BARRAGE IN QUEBEC, CANADA

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BARRAGE ACROSS TISTA RIVER,

BANGLADESH

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 HYDRAULIC DESIGN
FLOOD DISCHARGE:-

FLOOD DISCHARGE WILL BE

WORKED OUT EITHER BY FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OR BY UNIT
HYDROGRAPH METHOD.

MWL CALCULATION: MAXIMUM WATER LEVELS ARE TO BE CALCULATED ON BOTH

D/S & U/S SIDES OF THE PROPOSED STRUCTURE USING THE
CROSS SECTIONS OF THE RIVER BY AREA SLOPE METHOD
FOR DESIGN FLOOD.

GAUGE DISHARGE CURVE: IT IS TO BE PREPARED FOR

THE DESIGN FLOOD AND 500 YEAR FLOOD FOR FREE BOARD
COMPUTATION.
RETROGRESSED & UN RETROGRESSED LEVELS SHALL BE
MARKED ON THE GAUGE DISCHARGE CURVE.

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VENT WAY DESIGN

LACEYS FORMULA FOR WATER WAY = 4.83Q

WHERE Q= DISCHARGE IN CUMECS.

mts

IN DEEP AND CONFINED RIVERS WITH STABLE BANKS THE

OVERALL WATER WAY BETWEEN THE ABUTMENTS WOULD BE
ADJUSTED TO THE ACTUAL WIDTH OF THE RIVERS AT DESIGN
FLOOD LEVEL.
FOR SHALLOW RIVERS, THE MINIMUM WIDTH CAN BE CALCULATED
FROM LACEYS FORMULA.
WHERE WIDTH OF THE RIVER IS VERY LARGE, THE WIDTH OF
DIVERSION STRUCTURE MAY BE LIMITED TO
LACEYS WIDTH X LOOSENESS FACTOR
DERIVED AND THE BALANCE WIDTH IS BLOCKED BY APPROACH
EMBAKMENTS WITH SUITABLE RIVER TRAINING MEASURES.
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Q= CLH 3/2
Where C = CO-EFFICIENT OF DICHARGE

L = CLEAR WATER WAY IN mts

H = TOTAL HEAD OVER THE CREST IN mts.

THE CO-EFFICIENT OF DICHARGE C DEPENDS ON THE DROWNING
RATIO.

D/S W.L - CREST LEVEL

DROWNING RATIO = -------------------------------

U/S W.L - CREST LEVEL
INTIALLY THE U/S LEVEL IS ASSUMED BY ADDING AFFLUX TO THE
DOWNSREAM WATER LEVEL.
Cd VALUES MAY BE TAKEN FROM THE MALIKPUR GRAPHS AVAILABLE IN
I.S. 6966.
THE COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE SHALL BE CONFIRMED BY MODEL
STUDIES.

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SUBSTITUTING THE VARIOUS VALUES OF

Cd, L AND H FOR THE INITIALLY ASSUMED
VALUE OF UPSTREAM WATER LEVEL AND THE
WATERWAY, THE VALUE OFDISCHARGE THAT
CAN BE PASSED THROUGH THE STRUCTURE
CAN BE WORKED OUT.
IF IT IS EQUAL TO OR NEARLY EQUAL TO
DESIGN DISCHARGE, THE ASSUMPTIONS ARE
OKAY. OTHERWISE THE PROCEDURE MAY BE
REPEATED TO GET A NEARER VALUE.

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SCOUR:
SCOUR IS

LIKELY TO OCCUR IN ERODIBLE SOILS SUCH AS

CLAY,SILT,SAND.
THE DEPTH OF SCOUR MAY BE CALCULATED FROM THE
LACEYS FORMULA WHICH IS AS FOLLOWS.

AS PER Cl. 19.1 OF I.S:6966(PART I) -1989.

R = 0.473 (Q/f)1/3
WHEN LOOSENESS FACTOR IS MORE THAN 1

R = 1.35 (q2/f )1/3

WHEN LOOSENESS FACTOR IS LESS THAN 1

Where
R = DEPTH OF SCOUR BELOW THE HIGHEST FLOOD LEVEL
Q= HIGH FLOOD DISCHSRGE IN THE RIVER IN CUMECS
q = INTENSITY OF FLOOD DISCHARGE IN M3 /Sec/M

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PROTECTIONS:

EXTENT OF SCOUR IN A RIVER WITH ERODIBLE BED MATERIAL

VARIES AT DIFFERENT PLACES ALONG A BARRAGE. THE LIKELY
EXTENT OF SCOUR AT VARIOUS POINTS ARE AS FOLLOWS

LOCATION
RANGE
MEAN
U/S OF IMPERVIOUS FLOOR
1.25 TO 1.75 R
1.5 R
D/S OF IMPERVIOUS FLOOR
1.75 TO 2.25 R
2.0 R
THE U/S AND D/S CUT OFFS SHOULD GENERALLY BE PROVIDED
TO CATER FOR SCOUR UPTO 1.0 R AND 1.25R
WHERE R = DEPTH OF SCOUR
IF THE CONCENTRATION FACTOR IS TAKEN INTO ACCOUNT
IN FIXING DEPTH OF CUT OFFS.

THESE SHOULD BE SUITABLY EXTENDED IN TO THE BANKS ON

BOTH SIDES UP TO AT LEAST TWICE THE DEPTH

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 EXIT GRADIENT AT THE END OF IMPERVIOUS

FLOOR.

FACTOR OF SAFETY FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOILS SHALL

BE AS FOLLOWS
COARSE SAND : 5 TO 6
FINE SAND : 6 TO 7
GE = {H/d} X [1/]
= (1 + 1+ 2 )/2
= b/d
b = LENGTH OF BARRAGE
d = DEPTH OF DOWN STREAM CUT OFF
H = HEAD OF WATER
THE DEPTH OF D/S CUT OFF ALONG WITH THE TOTAL LENGTH
OF IMPERVIOUS FLOOR SHOULD BE SUFFICIENT TO REDUCE
THE EXIT GRADIENT TO WITHIN SAFE LIMITS.

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SHAPE OF BARRAGE PROFILE

THE CREST MAY BE PROVIDED FLAT AT THE TOP
WITH A WIDTH OF ABOUT 2m.
AN UPSTREAM SLOPE OF 2:1 TO 3:1 SHALL BE
PROPOSED .
A SLOPE OF 3:1 IS GENERALLY SUITABLE FOR THE
DOWN STREAM GLACIS.
FOR MAJOR PROJECTS, IT IS ADVISABLE TO
UNDERTAKE MODEL STDIES FOR OBTAINING THE
BEST SHAPE FOR THE CREST.
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 ENERGY DISSIPATION: HYDRAULIC JUMP TYPE STILLING BASINS DEIGNED IN

ACCORDANCE WITH IS 4997-1968 WOULD NORMALLY
BE REQUIRED FOR DISSIPATION OF ENERGY.
NORMALLY
PROVISION
FOR
20
PERCENT
CONCENTRATION FACTOR WOULD SUFFICE.
IN
ENERGY
DISSIPATION
CALCULATIONS,
RETROGRESSED RATING CURVE SHALL BE USED AS
THIS GIVES DEEPER CISTERN LEVELS.
FROM THE ENERGY DISSIPATION CALCULATIONS ,
CISTERN LEVEL AND CISTERN LENGTH SHALL BE
ARRIVED.
THE LEVEL AND LENGTH HAVE TO BE VERIFIED BY
2-D HYDRAULIC MODEL STUDIES FOR THEIR EFFICACY.
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UPLIFT PRESSURE CALCULATION:THE UPLIFT PRESSURE AT ANY POINT OF FLOOR OF

BARRAGE IS COMPUTED ON THE BASIS OF KHOSLAS
THEORY FOR PERMEABLE FOUNDATION OF INFINITE DEPTH
(CBIP TECHNICAL REPORT NO - 12).
THE NECESSARY CORRECTIONS DUE TO THE EFFECT OF THE
UPSTREAM & DOWN STREAM CUT OFFS, INTERMEDIATE CUT
OFFS(IF ANY), INTERFERENCE OF CUTOFFS, THICKNESS OF
FLOOR AND SLOPE OF THE GLACIS SHALL BE APPLIED.

THICKNESS OF FLOOR OF THE BARRAGE ARRIVED AT

VARIOUS LOCATIONS SO AS TO WITH STAND THE UPLIFT
PRESURE HEAD.

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SCOUR SLUICES: A BARRAGE IS NORMALLY PROVIDED WITH SCOUR

SLUICES LOCATED IN LINE WITH THE BARRAGE AND
NEARER TO HEAD REGULATOR OF OFFTAKING
CANAL AND LONG DIVIDE WALLS TO SEPARATE THE
BARRAGE BAY PORTION FROM THE UNDER SLUICE
PORTION.
THE ARRANGAMENT IS AIMED AT KEEPING THE
APPROACH CHANNEL TO THE CANAL HEAD
REGULATOR CLEAR OF THE SILT AND TO MINIMISE
EFFECT OF MAIN RIVER CURRENT ON THE FLOW
CONDITION IN RIVER.
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STRUCTURAL DESIGN: DESIGN OF CUT OFFS : THE U/S AND D/S CUT OFFS OF THE DIVERSION
STRUCTURE MAY BE OF STEEL SHEET PILES
ANCHORED TO THE FLOOR BY MEANS OF R.C.C.
CAPS .
THE SHEET PILE CUT OFFS WOULD BE DESIGNED
AS SHEET PILE RETAINING WALLS ANCHORED AT
TOP AND TO RESIST THE WORST COMBITION OF
FORCES AND MOMENTS, CONSIDERING THE
POSSIBLE SCOUR ON THE OUTER SIDE AND EARTH
PRESSURE AND SURCHARGE DUE TO FLOOR
LOADS ON THE INNER SIDE.
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 GRAVITY FLOOR.

THE ADEQUACY OF THE THICKNESS OF THE FLOOR HAS TO

BE CHECKED FOR POND LEVEL CONDITION.

THE FLOOR THICKNESS AT ANY POINT SHOULD NOT BE LESS

THAN THE MAX ORDINATE BETWEEN THE SUB SOIL GRADIENT
LINE AND THE D/S FLOOR SURFACE DIVIDED BY (G-1).
WHERE G IS THE SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF THE MATERIAL OF
WHICH THE FLOOR IS MADE OF SUCH AS CONCRETE.
SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF CONCRETE IS TAKEN AS 2.4 .

THE THICKNESS OF THE FLOOR ADOPTED FOR

CONSTRUCTION SHOULD BE AT LEAST 10% MORE THAN THE
THICKNESS REQUIRED CALCULATED AS ABOVE.

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 DESIGN OF THE PIER

THE THICKNESS OF THS PIER IS FIXED FROM CONSIDERATION OF
(i). FORCES AND MOMENTS TRANSFERED BY THE PIER TO THE FOUNDATION.

(ii) MINIMUM THICKNESS REQUIRED AT THE BLOCK OUTS FOR THE MAIN
GATE AND STOPLOG GATE GROOVES AND ALSO

(iii) THE WEIGHT OF THE PIER REQUIRED FOR COUNTER ACTING THE UPLIFT
PRESSURE. THE THICKNESS OF R.C.C. PIER GENERALLY VARIES FROM 1.5
TO 2.5 M. WHILE FIXING THE TOP LEVEL OF THE PIER IN THE MAIN GATE
PORTION, IT IS TO BE ENSURED THAT THE BOTTOM OF THE GATE IS ATLEAST
1 M CLEAR OF THE AFFLUXED HIGH FLOOD LEVEL.THE DESIGN OF THE PIER
IS CARRIED OUT TO RESIST THE WORST COMBINATION OF THE FOLLOWING
FORCES AND MOMENTS. i) DEAD LOAD , ii) LIVE LOADS DUE TO ROAD
BRIDGE iii) IMPACT AND BRAKING EFFECTS OF LIVE LOADS,
iv) TEMPERATURE FORCES TRANSMITTED THROUGH BRIDGE BEARINGS

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v) DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADS OF GATES, STOP LOGS, HOIST BRIDGE.

vi) BUOYANCY .

vii) DIFFERENTIAL HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE WITH ONE SIDE GATE OPEN

AND THE OTHER ADJACENT GATE CLOSED.

Viii) SEISMIC FORCES

ix) HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES DUE TO SEISMIC CONDITIONS ETC. MAX

STRESSES/PRESSURE ARRIVED DUE TO COMBINATION OF ABOVE LOADS
ON THE SOIL SHALL BE WITH IN THE PERMISSIBLE LIMITS THAT IS THE
STRESSES SHOULD NOT EXCEED THE SBC OF THE STRATA/SOIL.

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 ROAD BRIDGE

THE ROAD BRIDGE OVER THE BARRAGE IS TO BE DESIGNED FOR THE

RELEVANT IRC CLASS OF LOADING.

DESIGN OF ABUTMENTS

ABUTMENTS ARE DESIGNED FOR THE FOLLOWING FORCES.

i) DEAD LOAD , ii) LIVE LOADS DUE TO ROAD BRIDGE iii) IMPACT AND
BRAKING EFFECTS OF LIVE LOADS, iv) TEMPERATURE FORCES TRANSMITTED
THROUGH BRIDGE BEARINGS v) DEAD LOAD AND LIVE LOADS OF GATES , STOP
LOGS, HOIST BRIDGE. vi) UPLIFT .vii) EARTH PRESSURE, LIVE LOAD
SURCHARGE Viii) SEISMIC FORCES ix) HYDRODYNAMIC FORCES DUE TO
SEISMIC CONDITIONS ETC.

THE ABUTMENT IS
TO BE DESIGNED AS R.C.C. CANTILEVER
OR
COUNTERFORT TYPE AS THE CASE MAY BE.
THE ABUTMENT SECTION HAS TO BE CHECKED FOR SAFETY AGAINST
ALLOWABLE BEARING PRESSURE, OVERTURNING AND SLIDING.

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 DESIGN OF WING WALLS AND RETURNs

THE TOP WIDTH OF THE WING AND RETURNS ARE KEPT GENERALLY NOT
LESS THAN 600 MM.
THE FLANK WALL IS DESIGNED AS EARTH RETAINING STRUCTURE FOR THE
WORST COMBINATION OF THE FOLLOWING FORCES AND MOMENTS.
i) DEAD LOAD , ii) EARTH PRESSURE,LIVE LOAD SURCHARGE iii) UPLIFT iv)
SEISMIC FORCES JUST LIKE THE ABUTMENTS , WINGS AND ARE ALSO HAS
TO BE CHECKED FOR SAFETY AGAINST ALLOWABLE BEARING
PRESSURES,OVERTURNING AND SLIDING.
PROTECTIONWORKS.

U/S BLOCK PROTECTION

PERVIOUS PROTECTION COMPRISING OF C.C. BLOCKS OF ADEQUATE SIZE
LAID OVER LOOSE STONE SHALL BE PROVIDED JUST BEYOND THE U/S END
OF THE IMPERVIOUS FLOOR.
THE C.C. BLOCKS SHALL BE GENERALLY BE OF 1500 X 1500 X 900 SIZE.
THE LENGTH OF U/S BLOCK PROTECTION SHALL BE EQUAL TO D., THE
DESIGN DEPTH OF SCOUR BELOW THE FLOOR LEVEL.

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D/S BLOCK PROTECTION:

SIMILARLY PERVIOUS BLOCK PROTECTION SHALL BE PROVIDED
JUST BEYOND THE D/S END OF THE IMPERVIOUS FLOOR AS WELL.
IT SHALL COMPRISE OF C.C.BLOCKS OF ADEQUATE SIZE LAID
OVER A SUITABLY DESIGNED INVERTED FILTER FOR THE GRADE
OF MATERIAL IN THE RIVER BED.
THE C.C. BLOCKS SHALL GENERALLY NOT SMALLER THAN 1500 X
1500 X 900 MM SIZE TO BE LAID WITH GAPS OF 75 MM WIDTH,
PACKED WITH GRAVEL.
THE LENGTH OF THE D/S BLOCK PROTECTION SHALL BE EQUAL TO
1.5 D WHERE THIS LENGTH IS SUBSTANTIAL, BLOCK PROTECTION
WITH INVERTED FILTER MAY BE PROVIDED IN PART OF THE
LENGTH AND BLOCK PROTECTION ONLY WITH LOOSE STONE
SPALLS IN REMAINING LENGTH.
A TOE WALL OF CONCRETE EXTENDING UPTO ABOUT 500 MM
BELOW BOTTOM OF FILTER SHALL BE PROVIDED AT THE END OF
THE INVERTED FILTER TO PREVENT IT FROM GETTING DISTURBED.

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LOOSE STONE PROTECTION.

LAUNCHING APRON OF LOOSE STONE SHALL BE PROVIDED
BEYOND THE BLOCK PROTECTION ON THE U/S & D/S OF
BARRAGE LOCATED ON PERMEABLE FOUNDATION SO THAT
LOOSE STONE SO PROPOSED WILL SPREAD UNIFORMLY OVER
SCOURED SLOPES.
THE STONE USED SHALL NOT BE LESS THAN 300 MM IN SIZE
AND NO STONE SHALL BE LESS THAN 40 KG.
THE QUANTITY OF STONE PROVIDED BOTH U/S & D/S SIDE
SHALL BE ADEQUATE TO COVER THE SLOPES OF SCOUR
HOLES.
THE SLOPE OF LAUNCHED APRON SHALL NOT BE ASSUMED
STEEPER THAN 2:1 NOR FLATTER THAN 3:1.
THE TOTAL QUANTITY OF LOOSE STONE BED SHALL BE LAID IN
A LENGTH OF ABOUT 1.5 TO 2.5 D.

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 MODEL STUDIES

ALL IMPORTANT BARRAGES ARE TO BE TESTED

BY 2 D & 3 D MODEL STUDIES TO GET AN IDEA OF
HYDRAULIC CONDITIONS.

REFERENCES:
IS 6966-1989
IS 4997-1968
CBIP PUBLICATION NO: 179
CBIP PUBLICATION NO: 12

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PROJECT:

TITLE:

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TARAKARAMA THIRTHA SAGARAM

PROJECT
BARRAGE ACROSS CHAMPAVATHI RIVER
PLAN AND SECTION THROUGH
BARRAGE BAY

83

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LIST OF B.I.SCODES
Sl.No

08/07/16

COMPONENT

I.S.CODE No.

Reservoir capacity-Maximum flood discharge

SPF/PMF/5OO/1OOO/year flood and fixing of
spillway capacity and considering gate inoperative
condition.

5477-1971
11223-1985

Site Selection

6966-1989

3.

Permeability in rock below Gravity Dams

11216-1985

4.

In-situ Permeability test

5529-1985

Selection of Spill ways and dissipators

10137-1982

Foundation treatment Consolidation GroutingPressure grouting

6066-1994

Design Criteria of solid Gravity Dams

stability analysis, Load combinations, Loads
Factors of safety against sliding
Fetch and free board computations

6512-1984

Hydraulic design of High Ogee Overflow Spillways

Ogee Profile, U/S and D/S Quadrants, computation
of Coefficient of discharge, provision of Breast
wall etc.,

6934-1998

Hydraulic Design of Bucket type Energy dissipator

(a) Solid Roller (b) Slotted Roller
(c) Trajectory Bucket

7365-1985

10

Hydraulic jump type stilling basins

4997-1968

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11

Structural arrangement of energy dissipator for

spillways

11527-1985

12

Drainage arrangements of Energy Dissipators,Spacing

of contraction joints, size and spacing of half round
pipes-details of no fine concrete blocks.

11772-1986

13

Water stops at transverse contraction joints in

Spillways,NOF dams and at junctions of galleries

12200-2001

14

Construction of Spill ways-preparation of foundations

and anchorage, maximum size of aggregates for
different components, blocks lengths etc.,

11155-1994

15

Galleries and other openings in dams drainage gallery,

inspection gallery, instrumentation gallery ,adits ,sump
well and pump chambers ,stair wells, lift etc.,
general and structural design

12966-1990&1992
parts 1&2

16

Curtain Grouting from galleries spacing ,depth of

grouting ,size and inclination of grout holes-pressure of
grouts etc.,

11293-1993
Part-2

17

Shear parameters at interface of foundations of Dam

with Rock.In-situ shear test on rocks

7746-1991

18

General construction of plain and R.C.C.for dams

457-1957

19

Aggregates ,Fine and Coarse for concrete

383-1997
(reaffirmed)

20

HYSD bars and wires for concrete Reinforcement

1786-1990
(Reaffirmed)

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21

Drainage system for gravity dams, their foundations

and abutments
(a)spacing ,size and depth of drainage holes
(b)size of porous concrete and formed drains

10135-1985

22

Earth Quake resistant design of structures seismic

zone, and computations, hydrodynamic forces and
values at different elevations

1893 -1984

23

Dewatering during construction

9759-1981
(Reaffirmed-1998)

24

Extreme weather concreting

(1)Hot weather
(2) Cold weather

7861-1975
(Reaffirmed-2002)

25

Temperature control of mass concrete for dams

14591-1999

26

Computation of seepage provision of sump well and

pump chamber-size of sump etc.,

4721-2000

27

Radial gates radius, trunion level etc.,

4623-2000

28

Instrumentation

7436(part-ii)-1997

part-1-2000

Location of measuring instruments in concrete & masonry

dams.

Selection ,splicing, Installation and providing

protection to the open ends of cables used for
connecting type measuring devices in concrete and
masonry dams.

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10334-1982

88

B.I.S CODES
.
S. No.

IS CODE AND YEAR

DESCRIPTION

(latest)

IS:800-1994

General construction in steel code of practice

IS:807-1976

Code of practice for Design, manufacture,erection

and testing structural portion of cranes and hoists

IS:3177-1999

Code of practice for Electric overhead traveling cranes

and Gantry cranes other than steel work cranes

IS:4622-1992

Recommendations for fixed wheel gates structural design

IS:4623-2000

Recommendations for structural design of Radial gates

IS:5620-1985

Recommendations for structural design criteria for low

head slide gates

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IS:13591-1992

Criteria for design of Lifting Beams

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B.I.S CODES
8

IS:6938-1989

Code of practice for design of Rope drum and chain Hoists

for Hydraulic Gates

Is:9349-1986

Recommendations for structural design of medium and

high head slide gates

10

IS:10210-1993

Criteria for design of hydraulic hoists for gates

11

IS:11228-1985

Recommendations for design of screw hoist for hydraulic gates

12

IS:11388-1985

Recommendations for design of Trash racks for intakes

13

IS:11855-1986

General requirements for rubber seals for hydraulic gates

14

IS:14177-1994

Guide lines for painting system for hydraulic gates and hoists

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