Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Floor Resonance
Flexible
Structures
Lower Natural
Frequency
matches footfall
Resonance
under Footfall
vibration
Low Mass
Less energy
required to excite
Individual
person can
excite floor
Residential, Hospitals
e.g. High grade steels/concretes, trusses, Lightweight concrete, Voided slabs, Light Gauge
Steel Floors
e.g. Computer analysis, Lower Live Loads, Lower ULS load factors (Eurocodes)
Architectural Drivers
Adverse Comment
Guidance Documents
To help?
General Design Standards
BS 5950-1 - Structural use of steelwork in building- Rolled and welded
sections
BS EN 1993-1.1 - Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures. General
rules and rules for buildings
Performance Standards
BS 6841- Guide to measurement and evaluation of human exposure to
whole-body mechanical vibration and repeated shock
BS 6472-1 - Guide to the Evaluation of human exposure to vibration in
buildings
Design Guides
SCI Publication 354: Design of Floors for Vibration A New Approach
Concrete Centre: A Design Guide for Footfall Induced Vibration of
Structures
Floor Acceleration
Excitation Force
Weighting Factor for Human
Perception
Amplitude:
at location of
Force
Amplitude:
at location of
Receiver
Modal Mass
Dynamic Magnification
Factor: Relationship between
Variables
Natural Frequency(ies)
f0 = Lowest (Fundamental) Frequency (oscillation
speed)
f0, f1, f2, f3, f5, fn
Individual beams have different modes of oscillation
In floor systems, floor modes can be made up of
simple beam modes but offset from each other
Variables
Amplitude n
Amplitude n of Oscillation Mode
Unity Normalised
@ Excitation Point & Response Point (or the same)
Modal Mass Mn
Modal Mass Mn of Oscillation Mode
Larger floor plates / greater continuity Larger mass to get moving
Mass (kg) of slab
region being
excited
Variables
Excitation Force Fh
Forcing Function: Impulse Force with Time (Normal Walking: 1.7 to 2.4Hz)
Excitation Force
Weighting Factor for Human
Perception
Amplitude:
at location of
Force
Amplitude:
at location of
Receiver
Modal Mass
Dynamic Magnification
Factor: Relationship between
Amplitudes:
Modify Design
Modify Assumptions
3.0Hz < f0
R > Limit
OK
Computer Models
Objective: Simplify floor structure to an idealised
model of dynamic performance:
Steel Frame
Steel frame
Concrete Slab
Concrete Shell
FE Analysis
Beff /
(205/38)
Elastic Modulus
Concrete Short-term Ec: ~ 38kNmm2 (NWC)
affects:
Steel (Unchanged)
Beam (Equivalent Steel Section
of Dynamic Composite Beam
Properties)
(10%)
FE Analysis
Slab-Beam Interaction
Ecy
Shell
Ecx (Larger)
Icomp
Shell
Ecy
Ecx (Larger)
Ec
Ec
Icomp mod
Shell
Slab Compression
Beam Tension
Constructing Model
1.Build floor in Fastrak (Dynamic Combination)
3.Construct FE model
Fastrak
Stick Frame
Rectangular (quadrilateral) elements should suffice in SFrame (easiest) as stress concentration is not important.
Restrict floor plate size slows analysis and might need
50+ oscillation modes to find all under 15Hz!
FE Model
FE Dynamic Results
FE Static Results
Unstressed Analyses
Oscillation Modes
Output Data
Natural Frequencies
Modal Masses
Amplitudes
Response(s) Calculation
Response Limits
What is the acceptance criteria?
Response Factors are based on the base curve 1 in BS6472
e.g. R8 = base curve x 8
Higher Response Factor, the more the bouncy the floor.
Residential (day)
R = 2 to 4
General Office
R = 4 to 8
Stairs
R = 20 to 30
Graphical Results
Contour Plots ideal (but software difficult to find).
Exceeding Limits?
Computer Analysis conservative but might still
exceed Response limit
Reduction Factors
Excitation / Response Locations
Failing that..
Exciter Point 1
= 1.0
Exciter Point 2
= 0.05
Receiver Point
Any Questions?
Read SCI P354!