Bi tp

Chng I
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Bi I.9
Khoang cach gia hai nguyen
t lan can trong tinh the NaCl
bang 0,282 nm. Tnh khoi lng
rieng cua NaCl.

Khi lng
ring:

V=?
a = 2dNaCl
dNaCl(0,282n
m)
2dNaCl

Cu trc tinh th
NaCl

V = a3
V = 8(dNaCl)3

m=?
So nut
mang:
1

12

1 1 4

1
1
8 6 4
8
2
m 4 m1 hat Na 4 m1 hat Cl

23
35.5
4
4

23
23
6,02.10
6,02.10

Khi lng
ring:
3

V = 8(dNaCl)

m 4 m1 hat Na 4 m1 hat Cl

V
4 m1 hat Na 4 m1 hat Cl

8d3
NaCl
4

23
6,02.1023

35.5
6,02.1023

8(0,282.109)3

2,165.103kg/ m3

Bi I.12
Chng minh trong cau truc
luc giac xep chat, ty so
c/a = a3/a1 = 1,633

A
a
h=c
/2
A

B
D

a=
2r

D
H

M
C

h=c
/2
B
a=
2r

BCD l tam gic

a 3
u
2
BM =
H l tm ca
2
2a 3 a 3
BM =
BCD BH
3
3 2
3

D
H

M
C

a 3
ABH c AB = a; BH
=
3
H:

; vung ti

2 a 3

h AH AB BH a

c 2h

a a

a 2
8
3

1.633
a
3

a 2
3

Bi I.13
Tnh he so lap ay cua
mang kim cng va cua
cau truc xep chat.

Vo =
a3

1
2 1 3
Vvat lieu a a a
4
4
1
a
4

1 3
Vvat lieu 4 a
1
He so

0,25 25%
Vo
4
a3
lap ay =

Mang kim

Vvt liu =

So nut mang:

1
8 1
8
1
6 3
2

4 1 4
Mang kim
cng

Th tch vt
liu:

4 3
Vvat lieu 8 r
3

B
C

E
G

a
D

C1

E1

F1

H1

G1

A1

a
2

a 2

B1

D1

H
A

A1

E1

a 2
a 3

C1

2
G1

A1

a
2

a 2
a 3

C1

E1

G1

2r
a 3

4r a 3 2
=

a
3
r
8

Th tch : Vo a
Th tch vt
liu:

4 3
Vvat lieu 8 r
3

a
3
r
8

He so
lap ay:

a 3
4
4 3 8

3
8
Vvat lieu

Vo
a3
a3

0.34 34%

So nut
1
mang
2 1

2
1
12 2
6

3 1 3
Lc gic xp cht

Th tch vt
liu:

4 3
Vvat lieu 6 r
3

a
a 3 1
8
Vo Sluc gia

a
c c =6 S c =6 a
2
2
3
=a33 2

Th tch : Vo a 3 2
Th tch vt
liu:

He so
lap ay:

r
=
Vvat lieu
Vo

4 3
Vvat lieu 6 r
3
a
2

0.74 74%

Bi I.14
Tnh khoi lng rieng cua CsCl.
Biet ban knh ion cua Cs bang
0,167 nm va cua Cl bang 0,181
nm.

A1

B1

D1

Cs

C1
a 2

Cl

a
E1

a 3

H1

G1

rCs
rCs 2rCl rCs a 3

C1

A1

rCl

rCl 0.181nm

a 3

rCs 0.167nm

a=
0.400nm

F1

E1

G1

Cs
Cl

m 1 m1 hat Cl 1 m1 hat Cs

3
V
a

35.5
6,02.1023

133
6,02.1023

(0,4.109)3

4,375.103kg/ m3

Bi I.15
Xac nh so o n v co trong 1
n v the tch cua tinh the:
a/ ClCs (Lap phng P)
b/ Cu (lap phng tam mat F )
c/ Co (luc giac xep chat).
Cho biet khoi lng rieng cua ClCs bang 4,027.10 3
kg/m3.

Khi lng ring ca CsCl: 4,027.103 kg/m3

Khi lng mol ca CsCl: 133+35,5=168,5g

ClCs lp phng nguyn 1 n v cha:

thy
1 htc:
M 1 mol CsCl
23
6,0210
1 mol CsCl cha: 6,021023 ht
n
M 1 mol CsClvnng:
23
6,0210168,5g
n v nng: 168,5g hay
3 168,510-3kg
M 1m CsCl nng:
3
3
3
4
.
027
.
10
.
168
,
5
.
10
4,027.10 kg
3
1m CsCl cha:
=
23
6,02.10
28
1,44.10 n v

Bi I.11
Xac nh a va c cua
mang tinh the Mg co cau
truc luc giac xep chat.

8
3

c=
a
So nut 6
mang:
Vo Sluc gia
c c

=6 S c

a 3 1
8
=6 a

a
2
2
3
3
=a 3 2

Khi lng ring ca Mg: 1,74 g/cm3

Khi lng mol ca Mg: 24,73g/mol

1cm3 Mg nng:
1,74g23
6,0210 ht nng:
24,73g 23
6,02.10 .1,74
3
1cm cha:
24,73
ht
24,73
1 ht chim th tch: 23
6,02.10 .1,74
3

cm

24,73
1 ht chim th tch: 23
6,02.10 .1,74
3

cm
M 1 LGXC cha 6 ht

6.24,73
6 ht chim th tch: 23
6,02.10 .1,74
3

cm

a
3

Vo=a 3 2
So nut
mang: 6

6.24,73
a3 2=
6,02.1023.1,74
3

a =3,2.108 cm
o

a =3,2A
o
8
c = a = 5,2A
3

Bi I.10
Tnh hang so mang cua Si.

So nut 8
mang:
3
Vo a

Khi lng ring ca Si: 2,33 g/cm3

Khi lng mol ca Si: 28,1g/mol

1cm3 Si nng: 2,33g

6,021023 ht nng: 28,1g
23
6,02.10
.2,33
3
1cm cha:
28,1
ht

28,1
1 ht chim th tch: 23
6,02.10 .2,33
3

cm

28,1
1 ht chim th tch: 23
6,02.10 .2,33
3

a
3

Vo=a

So nut
mang: 8

cm
M 1 n v Si cha 8
ht 8.28,1
8 ht chim th tch: 23
6,02.10 .2,33
3
cm
8.28,1
a =
6,02.1023.2,33
3

a =5,43.108 cm
o

a = 5,43A

Bi I.16
Cr ket tinh theo mang lap phng tam khoi.
T phep phan tch nhieu xa tia X, suy c
khoang cach gia hai mat lan can thuoc ho
mat (211)
d = 1,18 angstrom. Hay xac nh
khoi lng rieng cua tinh the Cr.
Cho biet khoi lng cua 1 mol Cr bang 50,0 g .

Khi lng
ring:
m

V = a3
a

M d211 = 1,18
a
angstrom
= 1,18
2
2
2
h k l

h = 2; k = 1; l = 1
a = 2,89
angstrom

Khi lng
ring:
m

m
=?

Khi lng mol (NA ht) ca Cr: 50g/mol

50
nguyn t Cr:
6,02.1023

Khi lng ca 1
g
1 n v Cr cha 2 nguyn t Cr.

2.50
=6,02.1023=

1,66.1022g

a = 2,89 angstrom =
-10
2,89.10
m -22g = 1,66.10m = 1,66.10
25
kg

Khi lng
ring:
25
m m
1,66.10
3
3
; 6877kg/ m
3
V a 2,89.1010

Bi I.17
Khi dung chum tia X vi bc song
1,54 angstrong, tinh the lap phng
cho cc ai nhieu xa di goc 33 o
t ho mat (130). Xac nh hang so
mang cua tinh the o.

Tinh the lap

phng;
= 1,54 angstrong;

d hkl

a
h 2 k 2 l2

n
= 33o;
2d
sin

=
n
d hkl
hkl
d130: h =1; k =3; l
2sin
= 0.
n: bac nhieu xa, thng cho bang

10
n
1.1,54.10
2
2
2
a
h 2 k 2 l2
1

0
2sin
2sin 33o

4, 47.1010 m
4, 47angstrong

Bi I.18
Kim loai ket tinh theo mang lap phng
cho nhieu xa t ho mat (111) di
goc 22o62 vi bc song cua tia X
= 1,54 angstrom. Kim loai o co the
la chat g, Al, Cu hay Cr ?

Kim loai o co the la chat g, Al,

Cu
hay
Cr
?
Hng s mng a = ?
nhieu xa t ho mat (111) di
goc 22o62 vi bc song cua tia
X = thc
1,54 nhiu
angstrom
Cng
x
Bragg:2d sin =
hkl

nn l bc nhiu x, thng
cho bng
1

dhkl =

2sin
1,54.1010
10
=
;
2.10
m
o
2sin 22 62

dhkl = 2.10-10m
M:

M:

dhkl =

a
h2 k2 l 2

a =dhkl h2 k2 l 2
10

a =d111 1 1 1 2.10
2

10

3 3,47.10 m 3,47A

M aCr 2,89angstrom
aAl 4,05angstrom Kim loi ang kho st
aCu 3,61angstrom l Cu