CHAPTER THREE

TEXTILE EFFLUENT TREATMENT

Granch Berhe

3.
1EFFLUENTS DISCHARGED BY

TEXTILE
PROCESSING INDUSTRY

Total Textile Process at

a Glance

Two types of waste are generated: process chemicals and fiber wastes
The nature of the waste generated depends on
Type of textile facility
Processes and technologies
Types of fibers and chemicals

09/01/16

09/01/16

General Waste Categorization

Dispersible wastes
Highly dispersed or mixed with other wastes: Waste
water
Hard-To-Treat Wastes
Resist treatment
Contain non biodegradable or inorganic
Cannot be removed by biological processes
High- Volume Wastes
High-volume wastes in textiles include wash water,
alkaline wastes, warp sizes
Hazardous or Toxic Wastes
Subgroup of hard-to-treat wastes.
Metals, chlorinated solvents, non degradable surfactants
6

Toxicity
Acute Toxicity
Single or multiple exposures in a short space of time (usually less than 24
hours).
Acute Toxicity of Textile Dyes
Skin Irritation
Vomit
Diarrhea
Reactive dyes can cause respiratory or skin sensitisation problems in
plant workers who manufacture the dyes and textile workers
Reactive Dyes + Human Serum Albumin [HSA]
Dye-HSA conjugate, which acts as an antigen. The antigen produces
specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) and, through the release of chemicals
such as histamine, causes allergic reactions
7

Chronic Toxicity

Non Genotoxicity
1.Water solubility
Water-soluble molecules are generally excreted rapidly by
a living organism
2.Water Insolubility
Due to the insolubility, toxicants gets large size particles
[0.1 to 3 mm] in the body which are not transported across
cell membranes.[e.g.] Pigments

Genotoxicity
Mutagens
Carcinogens
Teratogens
Toxicants reach the DNA (which resides in the nucleus of the
cell) in order for the chemical to interact with the DNA.
So the toxicants will be able to transport across the protective
cell membranes
Active species of most carcinogens, known as the ultimate
carcinogen, is an electrophile,
E.Nitrenium ion [R2N+]
Carbonium ion [R3C+]
Carcinogens attack a nucleophilic site in DNA, which may
be a carbon, nitrogen or oxygen atom, to form a covalent
9
chemical bond E + [DNA] or E[DNA]

 The toxic effects of the azo dyes may result from the
direct action of the agent itself or of the aryl amine
derivatives generated during reductive biotransformation
of the azo bond.
The azo dyes entering the body by ingestion can be
metabolized to aromatic amines by the azoreductases of
intestinal microorganisms.
If the dyes are nitro, they can be metabolized by the
nitroredutases produced by the same microorganisms.
Mammalian liver enzymes and other organizations may
also catalyze the reductive cleavage of the azo bond and
the nitro reduction of the nitro group.
In both cases, if N-hydroxylamines are formed, these
compounds are capable of causing DNA damage.

 Moreover, the reduction of azo dyes by sodium

hydrosulfite and the successive chlorination steps with
hypochlorous acid, can form 2-benzotriazoles
phenilbenzotriazol (PBTA) derivatives and highly
mutagenic aromatic amines, often more mutagenic than
the original dye.
Effects caused by other pollutants in textile wastewater,
and the presence of very small amounts of dyes (<1
mg/L for some dyes) in the water, which are nevertheless
highly visible, seriously affects the aesthetic quality and
transparency of water bodies

11

 Anthraquinone dyes of the solvent or disperse class

containing one or more primary amino- or methyl aminogroups tend to be mutagenic or carcinogenic.
Cations bind to sulfhydryl (-SH) group (cysteine amino
acid) in enzymes disrupting the vital metabolic reaction
catalyzed by the enzyme.
The high alkalinity and traces of chromium (employed in
dyes) adversely affect the aquatic life.
Imidazole is corrosive to skin and irritating to eyes in
rabbits--may cause permanent eye injury, teratogenicity and
developmental toxicity observed at doses maternally toxic
in rats.
Chloroflorocarbon based chemicals like FR causes ozone
12
layer depletion

 Formaldehyde, a highly toxic, colourless gas, has been linked to

skin irritation and allergic reactions. Even more worryingly, the
chemical is classified as a human carcinogen
Sulphur dye cause even acid rain
Other worse Effects
Brain function, decreased attention, retardation
Reproduction including miscarriage, until births
Most sensitive are children <7; immature blood-brain barrier;
effects mental development etc

Carcinogenic substances: 59 substances.

Mutagenic substances: 9 substances .
Substances toxic to reproduction: 39 substances.
Allergenic substances:14 substances with respiratory sensitization 56
substances with skin sensitization properties.
Substances with environmentally hazardous, long-term effects:
approximately 57 substances.

Carcinogenic aromatic amides

14

The following must not be in the wastewater

1. Organic chlorine carriers (dyed acceleration)
2. Separation of chlorine bleach materials, except the sodium
chlorite from the bleached synthetic fibers
3. The free chlorine after using sodium chlorite
4. Arsenic, mercury and their mixtures
5. Alkyl phenol as a bleaching agent
6. Cr6 + compounds in the oxidizing of sulfur dyes and vat dyes
7. EDTA, DTPA, and phosphate in the water treatment softeners
8. Formadehyde based chemicals and gases
9. Chloroflorocarbon based chemicals and gases
10. Aryl and aromatic amide components
11. Accumulation of chemicals dyes and textile auxiliaries
15

3.
2TREATMENT PROCEDURE PARAMETERS
OF WET PROCESSING OPERATIONS

WASTE WATER FROM DIFFERENT

PROCESS

Wet process
Industrial
effluents

CO
D
BOD

SUSPENDED
SOLIDS

Strong
color

Heavy metals/ iron, magnesium,

arsenic, copper
09/01/16

High pH

GASES/CHLORI
NE,CO2,O2
SALTS/chlorides,
sulphate,
nitrate
18

In most cases BOD/COD ratio of the composite textile

wastewater is around 0.25 .This implies that the wastewater
contains large amount of nonbiodegradable organic matter.

CLASSIFICATION OF WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS

PRIMARY

SCREENING

3.2
.1

SEDIMENTATIO
N
EQUALIZATION
NEUTRALIZATI
ON
CHEMICAL
COGULATION
MECHNICAL
FLOCCULATION

Remove organic color,

suspended solids
Helps in primary reduction of
COD & BOD

The conventional treatment

systems is a Physico-chemical
treatment followed by biological
treatment (Secondary) system

SCREENI
Purpose
: to remove coarse suspended matters
NG
pieces
of
fabric,
fibers,
yarns

such as rags,
.
bar screens and mechanically cleaned fine screens remove most
of the fibers

09/01/16

22

SEDIMENTAT
ION
The fine suspended matter passed through the
screens can be removed efficiently and
economically by sedimentation.
This process is particularly useful for treatment
of wastes containing high percentage of
settable solids
The sedimentation tanks are designed to
enable smaller
particles to settle under
gravity.
The settled sludge is removed from the
sedimentation tanks by mechanical scrapping
into hoppers and pumping it out subsequently.
Sedimentation is sometimes combined with
equalization operation.
09/01/16

23

EQUALIZAT
ION
The textile effluents are highly variable in terms of pH and

The textile effluents are highly variable in terms of pH and

extent of impurities
Such individual process effluents from individual processes
will severely affect the secondary treatment processes of
effluent treatment.
It is therefore, necessary to mix the discharges from
different processes.
Effluent streams are
collected into sump pit
(big tank).
The mixed effluents are
stirred by rotating
agitators or by blowing
compressed air from
below.

09/01/16

The pit has a conical

bottom for enhancing
the settling of solid 24

NEUTRALISAT
ION

Normally, ph values of
cotton finishing effluents
are on the alkaline side.
Hence,
ph
value
of
equalized effluent should be
adjusted.
Use of dilute sulphuric acid
and boiler flue gas rich in
carbon
dioxide
are
commonly used .
Since most of the secondary
biological treatments are
effective in the ph 5 to 9,
neutralization step is an
important
process
to
facilitate these processes
09/01/16

USUALLY HSO 1 gm/m TO

BRING PH 8.5.
25

CHEMICAL COAGULATION/MECHANICAL
FLOCUALTION
Finely divided suspended
solids and colloidal
particles cannot be
efficiently removed by
simple sedimentation by
gravity.
In such cases, mechanical
flocculation or chemical
coagulation is employed.
In mechanical flocculation,
the textile waste water is
passed through a tank
under gentle stirring;
The finely divided
suspended solids coalesce
into larger particles and
settle out.
Specialized equipment
such as clariflocculator is
also available, wherein
flocculation chamber is a
part of a sedimentation
tank.
09/01/16

26

The main purpose of secondary treatment is to provide BOD

removal beyond what is achievable by simple sedimentation.

SECONDARY

AERATED LAGOON

3.2

TRICKLING FILTRATION

ACTIVATED SLUDGE
PROCESS
OXIDATION DITCH
/POND

Remove dissolved
and residual
organic matter
aerobic mode (with
air CO2 &CH4) or
with anaerobic
mode.
Achieved by
digestive action of
bacteria under
suitable conditions
(PH 69,nuetrents,air/oxy
gen and
temperature
Reduce
In
such cases, COD,
the recent
BODisand
trend
to settoxicity.
up an
activated adsorption
system or and ozonation
unit instead of biological
treatment process.

AERATED
LAGOON
The effluents from primary treatment processes are collected in

The effluents from primary treatment processes are collected in

tanks and are aerated
Air is blown in the form of stream of bubbles at the bottom with
mechanical devices, for about 2 to 6 days.
During this time, a healthy flocculent sludge is formed which
brings about oxidation of the dissolved organic matter.
BOD removal to the extent of 99% could be achieved with efficient
operation.

09/01/16

28

TRICKLING
FILTERS

09/01/16

Usually consists of circular or rectangular

beds made of well-graded gravels media
where micro-organisms deposited on i.e
small stone, PVC, coal, synthetic resins of
size 40 mm to 150 mm,
over which
wastewater is sprinkled uniformly on the
entire bed with the help of a slowly
rotating distributor (such as rotary
sprinkler).
Thus, the waste water trickles through
the media.
The filter is arranged in such a fashion
that air can enter at the bottom; counter
current to the effluent flow and a natural
draft is produced.
Gelatinous film, comprising of bacteria
and aerobic microorganisms known as
zooglea, is formed on the surface of the
filter medium, which thrive on the
nutrients supplied by the wastewater.
29

ACTIVATED SLUDGE
PROCESS
This is the most versatile
biological oxidation
method employed for the
treatment of waste water

09/01/16

In this process, the waste

water is aerated in a
reaction tank in which
some microbial floc is
suspended.
The aerobic bacterial
flora bring about
biological degradation of
the waste into carbon
dioxide and water
molecule,
While consuming some
organic matter bacteria
grow
The bacteria flora grows
and remains suspended
in the form of a floc, 30
which is called activated

 A part of the sludge is recycled to the same tank to

provide an effective microbial population for a fresh
treatment cycle.
The surplus sludge is digested in a sludge digester, along
with the primary sludge obtained from primary
sedimentation.
An efficient aeration for 5 to 24 hours is required for
industrial wastes.
BOD removal to the extent of 90-95% can be achieved in
this process.
Biological effluent treatment processes meets the
standards of BOD,COD, and are suitable for discharge
into river, lake or sea.
However, these treatments are not suitable for removal
of inorganic impurities like salt which are present in the
form of tds.
Biologically treated water is also not suitable for
recycling.
09/01/16

31

OXIDATION DITCH
/OXIDATION POND
Pond aeration or lake aeration Increase in the oxygen
saturation of the water. Dissolved oxygen (DO) Fish and
other aquatic animals and Aerobic bacteria
Pond bottoms of organic soils demand larger amounts of
oxygen.

09/01/16

32

OXIDATION
TECHNIQUE

TERTIARY

ELECTROLYTIC
PRECIPITATION &
FOAM FRACTIONATION

3.2
.3

Remove dissolved solids (mineral

salts) and residual color and odor
After the treatment water can be
safely discharged or reused for
processing

MEMBRANE
TECHNOLOGIES
ELECTROCHEMICAL
PROCESSES

ION EXCHANGE
PHOTO CATALYTIC
DEGRADATION
ADSORPTION
THERMAL
EVAPORATION

In order to reduce TDS further

purification of effluent is carried
out using tertiary treatments
Membrane filtration techniques
particularly RO has become
popular
due
possibility
of
recycling treated water

ADSORPTI
ON

The most commonly used method of dye removal by

adsorption.
The process also removes toxic chemicals such as pesticides, phenols,
cyanides and organic dyes.
Adsorbent for treatment is activated carbon.
It is manufactured from carbonaceous material such as wood, coal, petroleum
products etc.
Others: activated clay, silica, fly ash, (inorganic) and bio-adsorbents-reactive
dyes
Effective for adsorbing cationic, mordant and acid dyes,
and to a slightly lesser extent, dispersed, direct, vat,
pigment and reactive dyes
Disadvantage: activated carbon is expensive; it has to be
reactivated, which can result in 10-15% loss of sorbent.

ION
EXCHANGE
Ion exchange process is normally
used for the removal of inorganic
salts and some specific organic
anionic components such as phenol.
All salts are composed of a positive
ion of a base and a negative ion of
an acid.
Ion exchange materials are capable
of exchanging soluble ions and
cations with electrolyte solutions.

MEMBRANE
FILTRATION

Removal
of
bacteria,
salts,
sugars,
proteins,
particles, dyes, and
other constituents
The separation of
ions
with
reverse
osmosis is aided by
charged particles.
Dissolved ions that
carry a charge, such
as salts, are more
likely to be removed
by the membrane

1.REVERSE OSMOSIS
to pass pure water at fairly high rates and to
reject salts at high pressures through the cellulose
acetate or nylon membrane.
Reverse osmosis can be used as end-of-pipe
treatment and recycling system for effluent.

2.ULTRAFILTRATION
The difference between reverse osmosis and
ultrafiltration is primarily the retention
properties of the membranes.
Reverse osmosis membranes retain all solutes
including salts.
Ultrafiltration membranes retain only macro
molecules and suspended solids.
They are pressure driven membrane
operations that use porous membranes for
the removal of heavy metals. The main
disadvantage of this process is the
generation of sludge.

3.
Nanofiltartion
can be positioned between reverse osmosis and
NANOFILTATION
ultrafiltration.
This process is used where the high salt rejection of reverse
osmosis is not necessary.
It is capable of removing hardness elements such as calcium or
magnesium together with bacteria, viruses, and colour.
It operated on lower pressure than reverse osmosis and
treatment cost is lower than RO.
Preferred when permeate with TDS but without colour, COD
and hardness is acceptable.

Nanofiltration membranes are similar to

reverse osmosis membranes in several
respects except the degree of removal of
monovalent ions such as chlorides etc.

Filtration Spectrum Of Different Membranes

ELECTRODIA
LYSIS

Passing water between two plates with

opposite electrical charges.
The metals attracted to negative
charge
Non-metals are attracted to positive
charge.
Both types of ions can be removed
Electrodialysis is used on very hard
water, more than 500 mg/L as calcium
carbonate.
DISTILLATI

ON
involves the evaporation of water.
The evaporated water leaves behind all
hardness compounds,

ADAVNCED OXIDATION
PROCESSES (AOP)

Conventional oxidation treatment have found difficulty to oxidize

dyestuffs and complex structure of organic compounds:
At low concentration or
If they are especially refractory to the oxidants.
The goal of any AOPs design is to generate and use hydroxyl free
radical (HO) as strong oxidant to destroy compound that can not be
oxidized by conventional oxidant.
AOP processes are combination of :
- Ozone (O3),
- Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and
- UV radiation, which showed the greatest promise
These oxidants effectively decolorized dyes, however did not remove
COD completely.

 Ozone is a powerful oxidant agent for water and wastewater.

OZONATIO
Once dissolved in water, ozone reacts with a great number of
N organic compounds in two different ways:
By direct oxidation as molecular ozone or
By indirect reaction through formation of secondary
oxidants like hydroxyl radical.
The conventional fine bubble contactor is the most widely
ozone generator used because of the high ozone transfer
efficiency (90%) and high performance.
Results presented by a few researchers revealed that ozone
decolorize all dyes, except nonsoluble disperse and vat dyes
which react slowly and take longer time.
Colour removal using ozonation from textile wastewater is
depended on dye concentration.

O3/UV
According to Rein (2001), conventional ozonation of organic
compounds does not completely oxidize organics to CO2 and
H2O in many cases.
Remaining intermediate products in some solution after
oxidation may be as toxic as or even more toxic than initial
compound and UV radiation could complete the oxidation
reaction by supplement the reaction with it.
O3/UV is the most effective method for decolorizing of dyes
comparing with UV oxidation by UV or ozonation alone.
(Hung-Yee and Ching-Rong (1995))
O3/UV treatment is recorded to be more effective compared to
ozone alone, in terms of COD removal.

 Oxidization of the textile wastewater with H2O2 alone has been

H2O2/U
found ineffective at both acid and alkali values (Olcay et al.,
V 1996),
Under UV radiation, H2O2 are photolyzed to form two hydroxyl
radicals (2OH) that react with organic contaminants (Crittenden
et al., 1999).
Nonefficient colour removal at alkaline pH
Therefore the instantaneous concentration in HO* is lower than
expected.
Furthermore, the H2O2/UV process is more sensitive to the
scavenging effect of carbonate at higher pH values.

 The addition of both hydrogen peroxide and ozone to wastewater

O3/H2O
accelerates the decomposition of ozone and enhancing production
2of the hydroxyl radical.
At higher pH, even very small concentration of H2O2 will be
dissociated into HO2 ions that can initiate the ozone decomposition
more effectively than OH ion.
H2O2/O3 treatment of synthetic dye house highly depended on the
pH of the effluent.
It is documented that it was 74% ozone absorption at pH 11.5 (and
10 mM H2O2) whereas at the same concentration of H2O2 and pH
2.5, ozone absorption was only 1
Complete decolourization of C.I. Reactive Blue 220 and C.I.
Reactive Yellow 15 using H2O2 /O3 process is achieved in 90 min
(Tanja et al., 2003).

O3/H2O2/
UV

The addition of H2O2 to the O3/UV process accelerates the

decomposition of ozone, which results in an increased rate of OH
generation.
Among all AOPs, for dye house wastewater and acetate, polyester
fiber dyeing process effluent; combination of H2O2/O3/UV appeared to
be the most efficient in terms of decolouration.
COD removal efficiency of raw textile wastewater increased from
18% to 27% by using sequential ozonation and H2O2/UV.
In the case of bio-treated textile effluent, a preliminary ozonation step
increased COD removal of the H2O2/UV-C treatment system from 15%
to 62%.
99% COD removal from acetate and polyester fiber dyeing process
effluent in batch mode operation(O3/H2O2/UV in 90 min) was achieved.
In raw textile effluent, TOC removal rate was accelerated from 14%
(H2O2/UV-C) and 17% (O3) to 50%.

BENEFITS OF ADVANCE TREATMENT METHODS

Recover water and salt.
Low TDS water when used in textile processing minimizes
consumption of sequestering agents.
Corrosion and scale formation can be minimized
Efficiency of boiler can be improved
Reusing Brine in dyeing requires less additional salt.
Reduce problems relating to disposal of high TDS effluents
IS THERE ANY DISADVANTAGE??
Unknown oxidation products & Expensive

3.
3

MODEL WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT FOR TEXTILE
MILLS

WHAT IS ETP?
ETP OR EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT IS USED
TO TREAT THE INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER.
INFLUENT: UNTREATED INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER.
EFFLUENT: TREATED INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER.
SLUDGE: SOLID PART SEPARATED FROM WASTE WATER BY ETP.

INFLUENT

TREATME
NT
EFFLUEN
T

ETP
SLUDGE

3.3
.1 EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT OF DELTA KNIT
COMPOSITE LTD

DELTA KNIT COMPOSITE LTD

SCREENING
(DRUM SCREENER IS USED IN THIS ETP)

SCREENING IS THE FILTRATION

PROCESS FOR THE SEPARATION
OF COARSE PARTICLES FROM
INFLUENT.

STAINLESS STEEL NET IS USED

FOR SCREENING.

HARD PLASTIC BRUSHES ARE

USED TO CLEAN THE NET, WHICH
ARE DRIVEN MECHANICALLY.

DRUM SCREENER

SCHEMTIC DIAGRAM OF DRUM SCREENER

EQUALIZATION
EQUALIZATION IS THE PROCESS TO MAKE
THE WASTE WATER-HOMOGENOUS &
-COOL
EQUALIZATION TANK IS ALSO CALLED
HOMOGENOUS TANK.

SPRAY OF WATER
COMING FROM
DYEING UNIT

INFLUENT FROM
SCREENING
EQUALIZATION TANK

AIR FOR DIFFUSION

COOL &
HOMOGENOUS
INFLUENT TO PH
CORRECTION TANK

PH CORRECTION
IN THIS TANK PH OF THE INFLUENT IS
CORRECTED TO MEET THE STANDARD.
ACID OR ALKALI IS ADDED TO THE
EFFLUENT BY DOZZING TO INCREASE OR
DECREASE THE PH OF INFLUENT
RESPECTIVELY.
MULTI-METER TYPE PH METER IS USED.
ACID OR ALKALI

INFLUENT FROM
EQUALIZATION TANK
PH CORRECTION

INFLUENT OF
DESIRED PH TO
DISPERSE UNIT

DISPERSE UNIT
FUNCTION OF DISPERSE

TANK IS TO MIX THE SLUDGE

COMING FROM RECYCLE
TANK WITH WASTE WATER.
IT HELPS FOR PROPER
AERATION.
SLUDGE FROM
RECYCLE TANK

INFLUENT FROM PH
CORRECTION
TANK

DISPERSE UNIT
( MIXING OF SLUDGE & WASTE)

MIXED INFLUENT &

SLUDGE TO
AERATION

AERATION
FUNCTION OF AERATION IS OXIDATION BY
BLOWING AIR.
AEROBIC BACTERIA IS USED TO
STABILIZE AND REMOVE ORGANIC
MATERIAL PRESENTS IN WASTE.
ABOUT 200 KG AEROBIC BACTERIA IS
GIVEN TO THE PLAN FOR 5 YEARS.
AEROBIC BACTERIA
MIXTURE OF
WASTE
WATER &
SLUDGE

AERATION TANK

DISCHARGE TO
SEDIMENTATION
TANK

O2
AIR
BACTERIA

ORGANIC MATTER + O2

NUTRIENT

CO2+ H2O + HEAT

Sedimentation
pack

IN THIS TANK SLUDGE IS SETTLED DOWN

PARTIALLY
SEDIMENTATION PACK PROVIDES THE
ADVANTAGE OF FAST SLUDGE
SEPARATION

Sedimentation
tank
IN THIS TANK
SLUDGE IS
SETTLED DOWN FINALLY.
EFFLUENT IS DISCHARGED
FROM PLANT THROUGH A FISH
POND.
SLUDGE IS PASSED TO THE
THICKENING UNIT.

SCHEMTIC DIAGRAM OF Sedimentation tank

WASTE WATER
FROM
SEDIMENTATION
PACK

SEDIMENTATION
TANK

SLUDGE TO
THICKENING UNIT

EFFLUENT

FISH POND

EFFLUENT
DISCHARGE

FISH POND INDICATES THE HIGHER DEGREE OF TREATMENT IN THIS ETP

SLUDGE THICKENING
UNIT

IN THIS UNIT SLUDGE IS DRIED AND

DISCHARGED.

A PARTIAL AMOUNT OF SLUDGE IS

RETURNED BACK TO THE AERATION TANK
FROM THICKENING UNIT THROUGH
RECYCLE TANK CALLED RETURN SLUDGE
TANK AND DISPERSE TANK.

SLUDGE FROM
SEDIMENTATION UNIT

SLUDGFE
THICKENING
UNIT

SLUDGE TO RECYCLE
TANK

SLUDGE DISCHARGE

RETURN SLUDGE TANK

FUNCTION OF RETURN TANK OR RECYCLE
TANK IS TO MIX WATER WITH SLUDGE
THIS MIXTURE IS THEN PASSED TO
AERATION TANK THROUGH DISPERSE TANK.
SLUDGE AGAIN OXIDIZED TO MINIMIZE
THE POLLUTION FROM SLUDGE.
ALIVE BACTERIA OF SLUDGE IS AGAIN
USED IN AERATION TO UTILIZE THIS
BACTERIA.
SLUDGE FROM
THICKENING UNIT

SLUDGE TO AERATION TANK

THROUGH DISPERSE UNIT
SLUDGE RECYCLE
TANK

MIXING OF SLUDGE
& WATER

3.3
.2
800 KLD ELECTRO-CHEMICALS TREATMENT PLANT
FOR TEXTILE
ENVIROS
INDIA PRIVATE LIMITED
PROCESSING
EFFLUENT