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Chng 2

O LNG SAN LNG


QUOC GIA

LY DO NGHIEN CU
Ve pha chnh
phu
- SLQG la
thc o thanh
tu kinh te
cua quoc gia

- La c s
hoach nh cac
chnh sach v
mo

Ve pha doanh
nghiep
- SLQG anh
hng en
sc mua cua
xa hoi
-

La c s
hoach nh
chien lc kinh
doanh

Ve pha ngi dan:


GDP lien quan en thu nhap.
GDP lien quan en c hoi
viec lam.

NOI DUNG CHNG II


I. CH TIEU GDP va GNP
II. TNH TOAN GDP
III. TNH CAC CH TIEU KHAC

I.CH TIEU GDP va


GNP.
1.
Khai
GDP
(Gianiem.
tr tong san lng quoc noi:

Gross domestic product) Gia tr lng


hang hoa va dch vu cuoi cung
c tao ra tren lanh tho mot nc
c tnh trong mot nam.
GNP hoac GNI (Gia tr tong san lng
quoc gia hoac tong thu nhap quoc
gia-Gross national product, Gross national
income) Gia tr lng hang hoa va
dch vu cuoi cung do cong dan
mot nc tao ra c tnh trong mot
5
nam.

HANG HOA va DCH VU


(xet theo muc ch s dung)

Hang hoa va
dch vu
trung
gian lam
- Dung

au vao
cho viec san
xuat ra
va
-c
shoa
dung het
hang
1khac.
lan trong qua trnh
san xuat o.
gia tr HHTG
chuyen het vao
gia tr thanh pham

Hang
hoa
va
dch
vu
cuoi
cung:
-Hang hoa ban cho
ngi s dung cuoi
cung: Hang tieu
dung, hang xuat
khau.
hoac
- Dung lam au
vao cho san xuat
nhng c s dung
nhieu
lan:
May
moc thiet b, TSC
khac.

V du: Trong lanh th co 3 doanh


nghiep, tnh GDP cua quoc gia.
STT

DOANH
NGHIEP

GIA TR
SAN XUAT

Det si

Det vai

May
mac
Tong
gia tr

GIA TR
HANG HOA
& DCH VU
CUOI CUNG

6
7

2. Moi lien he gia GDP


va GDP
GNP= A + B (1)
GNP = A + C (2)
A la gia tr san lng
(thu nhap) do cong dan
C
mot nc tao ra tren
A
lanh tho
B la gia tr san lng
B
(thu nhap) do cong dan
nc khac tao ra tren
lanh
tho
(TN
t
VN

YTSXNK)
C la gia tr san lng
(thu nhap) do cong dan
(1) => A= GDP - B
8
trong nc tao ra tren

GNP = GDP + NIA


NIA (Net Income From Abroad: Thu
nhap rong t nc ngoai)
Cac nc ang phat trien:
NIA < 0 GNP < GDP
Cac nc phat trien :
NIA > 0 GNP > GDP
9

II.TNH GDP
1. Cac loai gia tnh GDP
a. Gia hien hanh
b. Gia co nh
c. Gia th trng
d. Gia yeu to san xuat

10

a. GIA HIEN HANH (p1)


- Gia ang lu hanh moi thi iem
tnh san lng.
- Tnh GDP theo gia hien hanh ta c
ch tieu GDP danh ngha (Nominal
GDP: GDPn).
- Tnh GDPn mang tnh chat tong ket
cho nam hien hanh
- S gia tang cua GDP danh ngha qua
cac nam co the do lam phat gay
nen.
=> Khong dung GDPn e anh gia
tang trng KT
11

b. GIA CO NH (p0)
- La gia nam goc (nam co nen
kinh te on nh nhat c Thong ke
chon lam goc cho cac nam khac).
-Tnh GDP theo gia co nh ta c
ch tieu GDP thc te (Real GDP: GDPr).
-ay la ch tieu dung e o lng
tang trng KT v a loai lam phat
qua cac nam.
200
5p

q06

q07 q 08

q09

..

q10

q11

q12

..

GDPr = poq1
12

GDPn
100%
D(%)
GDPr
D (Deflator GDP): He so giam phat
GDP
: Ch so gia tong hp
(He so phan anh mc trt gia
ky hien hanh so ky goc)

pq

D (%)
p q

1 1
0

(100%)
13

c. Gia th trng (mp market price)

- Gia ban hang hoa, dch vu tren


th trng co cha thue gian thu
- Tnh theo gia nay ta co ch tieu
GDP theo gia th trng (GDPmp)
- Tnh theo mp de tap hp v can c
vao gia ban thc tren th trng
nhng khi thue thay oi co the lam
anh hng en GDP
14

d. Gia theo yeu to


san xuat
(factors costs : fc)

+ Gia tnh theo chi ph cua


cac yeu to san xuat a
s dung e tao ra san
pham, dch vu.
+ La gia khong tnh thue
GDP fc = GDP mp - Ti

15

Co : GDPn(mp)
thue
GDP (p1
n
)
Khong
thue

: GDPn(fc)

GDPr (mp)

GDPn (mp)
GDPr
D (%)
16

2.Tnh GDP danh ngha theo gtt


(mp)
a. S o chu
chuyen
kinh
M te.
Nc ngoai
C
S

C+I+G
G

Ho gia nh

Td

Chnh Phu

I
Ti

Doanh nghiep

Tr

W, R, i, Pr

17

b. Cac phng phap tnh GDP


b1. Phng phap san xuat

GDP = V.Ai
V.A = Gia tr san xuat Chi ph
trung gian
Lu y: Trong GDP co cha gia tr
hang ton kho,
khau hao, tien
lng va thue gian thu
18

b2. Phng phap chi tieu


GDP = C + I + G + X M
Chi tieu thc

I = Gia tr TLL mi + Gia tr hang


ton kho

AD = C + I + G + X M
Chi tieu d
kien

19

b3. Phng phap thu


GDP
nhap
= w + i + R + Pr + Ti + De
TN trc thue

W: co cha thue thu nhap ca


nhan.
Pr: + Li nhuan nop ngan sach
(thue thu nhap doanh
nghiep)
+ Li nhuan lap quy (quy
tai au
t, phuc li, khen
thng)
+ Li nhuan chia chu doanh
nghiep va co ong

Pr*

PrN
(Pr sau thue
20

GDP = V.Ai
GDP = C + I + G + X M
GDP = w + i + R + Pr +
Ti
+
De
GDP = GTHHCC

21

GDP=Tong gia tr cuoi cung=Tong gia


tr gia tang
=Tong chi tieu= Tong thu nhap=3 ty
Doanh
nghie
p

Gia
tr
san
xuat

Det
si

Det
vai

May
mac

Tong
gia
tr

Gia
tr HH,
DV
cuoi
cung

Gia
tr gia
tang

Chi
tieu

Thu
nhap

1
1

1
3
3

3
3

GDP=Tong gia tr cuoi cung=Tong gia


tr gia tang
=Tong chi tieu= Tong thu nhap=4 ty
Doanh
nghie
p

Gia
tr
san
xuat

Gia
tr HH,
DV
cuoi
cung
1

Gia
tr gia
tang

Chi
tieu

Thu
nhap

C kh

Det
si

Det
vai

May
mac

Tong
gia
tr

4
23

3. Han che
- Tnh GDP theo 3 cong thc tren trong
thc te khong cho 1 ap so v so lieu
thong ke kho chnh xac
- GDP khong phan anh het gia tr cac
hoat ong trong nen kinh te.
gom : + Hoat ong kinh te ngam:
@Hoat ong phi phap
@ Hoat ong hp phap khong khai bao.
+ Hoat ong kinh te phi thng
mai (25)
- GDP khong phai la mot ch tieu hoan
hao e o lng phuc li kinh te.

N.E.W = GNP + Li cha tnh - Hai cha


tr
24
(Net economic welfare)

III. CAC CH TIEU LIEN


QUAN
GNP = GDP +NIA

GDP

GDPfc = GDPmp GNPfc = GNPmp Ti


NNPmp = GNPmp De
Ti
NNPfc = GNPfc De
NDPmp= GDPmp
NI = GNPmp Ti De
De

PI
=
NI
-(Pr*+ASXH)
+
NDPfc = GDPfc
Tr
De
Yd = PI Td2

25

III. CAC CH TIEU LIEN


QUAN
GO
NIA

GDPmp

CPTG

GNPmp
NNPmp
Tr

NNPfc = NI
PI

Yd

De
Ti

Pr*,Quy
AS
Td2
26

Cac ch tieu thong


dung

1. Ch tieu tuyet oi: GDP, GNP, NDP

(VND USD)
2. Ch tieu phan anh toc o tang
trng (GDPr)

GDPr (t )
y(
1) x100%
GDPr (t 1)
3. Ch tieu bnh quan: GDPn/Dan so
(USD/ngi)
27

Bai 3 trang 40

Thu nhap t lng cua cac thanh


phan kinh te ngoai nha nc 5;
Lng CNVC 4,2; Tr cap 0,4; Thue
thu nhap ca nhan 0,12; Thue gian
thu 7; Khau hao 3,8; Lai suat 2,7;
Tien thue mat bang 7,5; Thue thu
nhap doanh nghiep 0,5; Li nhuan
rong 7,2
(vt: ngan ty).
a/ Xac nh GDP
b/ Xac nh san lng thc te bnh
quan, biet D% 1,32 (132%); dan so
28
120 trieu ngi

GDP = w + i + R + Pr + Ti + D
=
+ +7,5+7,7 +7 +3,8
9,2
2,7
= 37,9
ngan
ty
GDP

GDPr /

DxDS
12

37,9 x10

1,32 x120 x10 6

= 239.268 ong/ngi
29

Bai 4 trang 40

Tong san lng au ra 22; Chi


ph MMTB 11; Tien lng cong
nhan 1,9; Chi ph nguyen, vat
lieu 4,5; Nhieu lieu 1,8; Chi ph
cac dch vu khac 3,2 (vt: ngan
ong). Tm
a/ San lng quoc gia, biet thu
nhap rong la 1,2
b/ San lng quoc gia rong,
biet KH=1,3
c/ Tm thu nhap kha dung biet
thue trc thu 2,9; tr cap 0,3;
BHXH 20% TL; thue gian thu 4,130

Bai 5 trang 41
Doanh nghiep san xuat 400
vo xe, ban cong ty san xuat
o
to
gia
1,2
trieu
ong/chiec
vao
thang
12/2002. en thang 2/2003
cong ty san xuat o to lap
vao 100 xe mi san xuat,
ban moi xe 82 trieu. Nhng
giao dch nay ong gop g
vao GDP? Gia nh ch co
mot loai chi ph la vo xe
31

Bai 2 trang 40
GNP thc te Ch so
giam phat
2005
2006

4.000

4.120

1,26
a/ GNP danh ngha 2005, 2006?
b/ Toc o tang GNP danh ngha?
c/ Toc o tang GNP thc te?

32

Bai 8 trang 42
GDPn

He so giam

phat
(ty USD)

(%)

2000

300

100

2001

312

106,2

a/ Toc o tang GDP danh ngha? Toc


33
o tang GDP thc te?

Cac so lieu tnh GDP 2005


nh sau:
Tien lng 80, tien lai 5,
li nhuan 6,
thue gian thu 15, khau hao
10, tien thue mat bang 4,
tieu dung 70, au t 5, chi
tieu trc tiep chnh phu
25.
a/ GDP danh ngha theo gia
34

Tnh GDP trong lanh tho co 4


doanh nghiep: Thep, may
moc, lop xe, xe o to ban cho
ho gia nh
- Thep (bao gom ca khai thac
quang) san xuat 4ty thep, ban
1ty cho hang sx may moc va 3ty
cho hang sx oto
- Lop xe sx 0,5ty va ban cho hang
sx oto
- May moc sx 2ty va ban cho hang
sx oto lam cong cu san xuat
- Oto ban cho ho gia nh 5ty

35

DN

GTSX CPTG

V.A

CTie T.nha
u
p

Thep

Lop

0,5

0,5

0,5

May
moc

O
to

3 + 0,5 1,5

11,5

4,5

GTcc

1,5

Tnh GDP trong lanh tho co 4


doanh nghiep: Thep, may
moc, lop xe, xe o to ban cho
ho gia nh

- Thep (bao gom ca khai thac quang)


san xuat 4ty thep, ban 1ty cho hang
hang sx oto
2 sx may moc va 3ty
vacho
ton
kho 1 ty
- Lop xe sx 0,5ty va ban cho hang sx
oto

0,3ty, ton kho 0,2 ty


- May moc sx 2ty va ban cho hang sx
oto lam cong cu san xuat
- Oto ban cho ho gia nh 5ty
37

DN

GTSX CPTG

V.A

CTie T.nha
u
p

GTcc

Thep

Lop

0,5

0,5

0,2

0,5

0,2

May
moc

O
to

1,5
2,7

7
8,2

7
8,2

7
8,2

3 + 0,5 1,5
2 0,3 2,7

11,5

4,5
3,3

7
8,2

Banh m, pho mai san


xuat ban het cho pizza
lam nguyen lieu
Banh m

Pho mai

Pizza
Nguyen lieu 0
0
50

Tien lng
15
20
Gia tr san xuat
50

35
75
35

200

Tnh GDP bang 4 phng phap


Banh m Pho mai
Pizza
Nguyen lieu 0
0
50

35
Tien lng
15
20
75
Gia tr san xuat
50
35
200

Li nhuan 3

15

40

VA
Chi tieu
Thu nhap

5
50

35

115 200
200 200

50

35

115 200

Hang cuoi cung

200 200

Banh m, pho mai san


xuat ban cho pizza lam
nguyen lieu va ong thi
ban cho ngi tieu dung

Banh m Pho mai


Pizza
Nguyen lieu 0
0
50

35
Tien lng
25
30
75
Gia tr san xuat 100
60
200

Tnh GDP bang 4 phng phap


Banh m Pho mai
Pizza
Nguyen lieu 0
0
50

35
Tien lng
25
30
75
Gia tr san xuat 100
60
200

Li nhuan 7

30

40

VA
Chi tieu
Thu nhap

5
100
50

60
25

115 275
200 275

100

60

115 275

25

200 275

Hang cuoi cung


50

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