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4) Lithification
Mechanical Weathering
Chemical Weathering
by Ice (Glaciers)
by Water
Distinguishing
Characteristics of Clastic
Sediments:
Grain Size particle size
reflects energy
(velocity) of the
transport and
depositional
system.
Clastic rocks
particles derived from the weathering and
erosion of precursor rocks and consist primarily
of fragmental material
classified by grain size and composition
Carbonates
Evaporites
evaporites
phosphates
organic-rich sedimentary rocks
cherts
volcaniclastic rocks
Clay minerals
Quartz
Feldspars
Micas
lamellae
Sandstones
Made of sand-sized particles .064 2 mm
Sand is a size!
Forms in a variety of environments
Sorting, angularity and composition of grains
can be used to interpret the rocks history
Quartz is the predominant mineral (due to its
durable nature)
Sandstone(notelargenumberofquartzgrains)
Classifying Sandstones
Photomicrographofquartzrichsandstone(Arenite)
Grains subangular to subrounded, sandstone is poorly sorted
Plagioclase grain
Notesharpangularclasts
Outcropofconglomerate
withcobblesizedclasts
interbeddedwithsandstone
Tahapan
pembentukan
perlapisan batuan
Tahapan
pembentukan
struktur silang siur
Tahapan
pembentukan
struktur bersusun
normal
Flute Cast
Load Cast
Current Ripple
Detrital Rocks
Lithic Fragments
Quartz
Clay Minerals
Fossil Fragments
Rust Minerals
Orthoclase
Muscovite / Biotite
gravel
&
conglomerate
sand
&
sandstone
clay, silt
&
mudstone
http://www.eos.ubc.ca/courses/eosc221/sed/sili/siligsize.html#size
Compositio
n
What minerals
make up the rock?
Texture
What is the shape,
size and
orientation of the
mineral grains that
make up the rock?
Major Difference:
Crystalline vs.
Clastic
Detrital
Chemical
Organic
Clastic
Texture
Crystalline
Texture