A

semina
r
on

Torsional
structures

irregularity

Presented by

Gaurav D. Jagtap
(514004)
Ist yr ME(Structural
Engineering)
1

in

multi-story

Guided by

Dr.M.N.Bajad
6-april-2016

Details of paper
Title of paper- Torsional irregularity in multi-

story structures
Name of Authors - Gunay Ozmen , Konuralp
Girgin , Yavuz
Durgun
Jouranal - Interanational Journal Advanced
Structural Engg.
Vol. 6,121- 131
Date- 17 sept 2014

6-april-2016

Contents

Introduction
Code provisions for torsional irregularity
Literature review
Objective
Typical structures
Evaluation of torsional irregularity
coefficient
Results &Discussion of torsional
irregularity coefficient
Investigation of floor rotations
Conclusions
References
6-april-2016

INTRODUCTION
Earthquake field investigations repeatedly

confirm that irregular structures suffer

more
damage
than
their
regular
counterparts.
Irregularities are not
avoidable in structure, However behaviour
of structures with these irregularities during
earthquake needs to be studied.
There are two types of irregularities-

1. Plan Irregularities
2. Vertical Irregularities.
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Torsional irregularity is one of the most important

factors, which produces severe damage (even

collapse) for the structures.
Regarding the torsional irregularities, most of the
codes have similar provisions which are basically
based on principles of the well known standard of
UBC97 & ASCE7 and other seismic codes.
Torsional irregularity which is depending on a number
of factors including
Plan geometry,
Dimensions and positions of structural elements,
Story numbers.

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CODE PROVISIONS FOR TORSIONAL

IRREGULARITY
provisions

of IBC09 regarding the torsional

irregularities are summarized in the following
Torsional irregularity coefficient t is defined by

Where
max = maximum displacement at Level x
avg = average of the displacements at the
extreme points of the structure at Level x

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Then
a) If t 1.2 then torsional irregularity does not exist
b) If t 1.2 ,then torsional irregularity exists

Fig 1 : Extreme and average displacements

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Literature review
1. Gnay

ZMEN

(2002),torsional

irregularity

in

symmetric structure
In this paper author has studied necessary conditions
for the existence of torsional irregularity in symmetric
structure are investigated. Measures for the
elimination of torsional irregularity are also discussed.
Concluded that torsional irregularity may exist in in
structure,which are symmetrical regarding both plan
geometry and stiffness distribution of structural
elements.it originates mainly from relatively low
stiffness at the outermost axes in plan.in order to
eliminate torsional irregularity ,it is necessary to place
structural wall to the outermost axes.
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Literature review
2. Gnay ZMEN (2004), Excessive Torsional Irregularity
in Multi-Story Structures
In this paper author has studied the conditions, which
cause the torsional irregularity coefficient to exceed the
upper bound value of 2.00, are examined by means of
a parametric investigation procedure. a series of eight
walled and framed sample structures with different
structural wall configurations is chosen, and their
behaviour under earthquake loading is investigated and
discussed. It is concluded that, maximum values for
torsional irregularity coefficient are obtained when both
the number of axes and the number of stories are low.
Furthermore, it has been observed that torsional
irregularity coefficients assume maximum values when
the structural walls are placed as close as possible to
the gravity centres without coinciding with them.
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6-april-2016

Literature review
3. Ali Demir ( 2010 ),

TORSIONAL IRREGULARITY EFFECTS OF LOCAL SITE

CLASSES IN MULTIPLE STOREY STRUCTURES

In this paper, torsional irregularity factors which effect multi

storey shear wall-frame systems were investigated according to
TEC 2007. Six type structures which have different story numbers,
plan views and shear wall locations were analyzed. SAP 2000
package program were used for structural analyses. Equivalent
Seismic Load Method and Mode Superposition Method were used
for seismic analyses. Torsional irregularity coefficients are
comparatively investigated and efficient factors are determined
for torsional irregularities maximum values. Concluded that local
site classes did not effect b coefficients in symmetrical structures
in plan. b
coefficients which are calculated by mode
superposition method are 2-3 % bigger than equivalent seismic
load method. Plan geometry of structures should be symmetrical
to reduce the torsional irregularity coefficient.
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Objective

To perform a parametric investigation on six

groups of Typical structures with varying

structural wall positions and story numbers.
To study of behavior of structures only for
the lateral loading in vertical Y direction
only.
to determine the conditions for excessive
torsional irregularity
to discuss the validity of code provisions.

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TYPICAL STRUCTURES
to carry out the parametric study of Six groups typical

structures (A, B, C, D, E, and F), which are selected

and Number of axes of typical structure groups is
varied between 5, 6 and 7 axes in the direction Y
while story numbers are chosen as 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and
10 investigations will be carried out only for loadings
in direction Y. All the structures are chosen as
symmetrical in plan with respect to horizontal axis X.
Table : structure types

Thus the total number of investigated structures

becomes 96. and torsional irregularity properties will

be investigated.
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Fig 2: Schematic Floor Plans of Typical

Structures with 6 Axes
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Fig 3: Schematic floor plans of structure type A

with 5, 6 and 7 axes
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INVESTIGATION OF TORSIONAL
IRREGULARITY COEFFICIENT
General procedure
1. First, lateral analysis of a structure group with a definite axis

number is executed means Fundamental period in direction

Y and corresponding equivalent lateral forces are computed.
Seismic parameters :Spectral Acceleration Parameters, S MS= 0.75g SM1 = 0.33g
Site Coefficients,
Fa = 1
Fv = 1
Importance Factor,
I=1
Response Modification Coefficient,
R=7
2. to determine
minimum, average and maximum story
displacements
3. Finally,to determine the torsional irregularity coefficients.

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Results & Discussion

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A. STRUCTURE GROUP WITH FIVE

AXES

Table 1. Story displacements and torsional irregularity

coefficients
for 10-story - Type A structure
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Table 2. Maximum torsional

irregularity coefficients for
structures with 5 axes
18

Fig.5. Variation of
maximum irregularity
coefficient for structures
with 5 axes
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B. STRUCTURE GROUP WITH

SIX AXES

Table 3. Story displacements and torsional irregularity

coefficients
for 10-story Type A structure
19

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Table 4. Maximum torsional

irregularity coefficients for
structures with 6 axes
20

Fig. 6. Variation of maximum

irregularity coefficient for structures
with 6 axes

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C. STRUCTURE GROUP WITH

SEVEN AXES

Table 5. Story displacements and torsional

irregularity coefficients for 10-story Type A
structure
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Table 6. Maximum torsional

irregularity coefficients for
structures with 7 axes
22

Fig. 7. Variation of maximum

irregularity coefficient for structures
with 7 axes

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Investigation of floor
rotations
it is assumed that the floors act as rigid diaphragms in

their own planes and the structures undergo a

displacement.
As can be seen in the figure,all stories undergo a rotation
as well as displacements in two directions.

Fig.8. Schematic displacement diagram

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A. Structure group with five

axes

Table 7. Maximum floor

rotations for structures with
5 axes
24

Fig. 9 Variation of floor rotations for

structures with 5 axes

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B. Structure groups with six

axes

Table 8. Maximum floor

rotations for structures
with 6 axes
25

Fig.10. Variation of floor rotations for

structures with 6 axes

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C. Structure groups with

seven

Table 9. Maximum floor

rotations for structures
with 7 axes
26

Fig. 11 Variation of floor rotations for

structures with 7 axes

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Conclusions
For all the investigated structures, torsional irregularity

coefficients increase as the story numbers decrease.

Floor rotations increase in proportion to the story numbers.
Torsional irregularity coefficients reach maximum values
when the shear walls are placed as close as possible to the
centers of mass without coinciding them.
Floor rotations attain their maximum values for the
structures where the walls are in farthest positions from
the centers of mass.
It is seen that the results obtained for torsional irregularity
coefficients and floor rotations are quite contradictory.
Since the floor rotations may be considered as the real
representative of the torsional behavior, torsional
irregularity coefficients as defined in the regulations
should be completely amended.
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References
1. Gnay ZMEN (2002),torsional irregularity in

symmetric structure , Teknik Digest vol. 13 831843.

2. Ozmen G (2004) ,Excessive torsional irregularity
in multi-storey structures. Teknik Digest 15(1) ,
933-945.
3. Demir A, Demir DD, Erdem RT, Bagci M (2010),
Torsional irregularity effects of local site classes in
multiple storey structures. Int J Res Rev Appl Sci:
258262.

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THANK YOU

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