SEMINAR ON SUBMERGED FLOATING

TUNNEL

Presented By:
Bisen Nupur Jagdish
Roll No. 06

Under Guidance Of:

V. P. Patil Sir

Department Of Civil Engineering

Government College Of Engineering,
Jalgaon

Submerged Tunnel

What is this???

ASubmerged Tunnel is atunnelthat floats

in water, supported by
itsbuoyancy(specifically, by employing the
hydrostatic thrust, orArchimedes'
Principle).

The tube is placed underwater, deep enough

to avoid water traffic and weather, but not
so deep that high water pressure needs to
be dealt withusually 2050 m (60150 ft.)
is sufficient.Cables either anchored to the
Earth or to pontoonsat the surface prevent
it from floating to the surface or
submerging, respectively.

Why this ?

The big advantage of a floating submerged tunnel compared to a bridge is

the lightly loaded construction. Under water a weight reduction takes
place which lowers the loads to be carried by the tunnel.

Flexible submerged tunnel has much less problems with earthquakes

which can happen in this area.

Floating tunnel can be built fast from both shores having no problems with
wind or high seas.

Another possible advantage is space: the downward ramp leading to a

tunnel leaves a smaller footprint compared to the upward ramps required
by most bridges.

Moreover traffic can run very fast through this tunnel compared to ferry
link.

Due to lesser contact with the sea bed it has lesser possibilities of chemical
reaction with the construction material & the sea bad soil strata.

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF SFT

COMPETITIVE FEATURES OF SFT

CASE STUDY ON A SFT : TRANSATLANTIC TUNNEL

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

Tunnels in water are by no means new in civil engineering.

Since about 1900, more then 100 immersed tunnels have been
constructed.

Bridges are the most common structures used for crossing water
bodies.

In some cases immersed tunnels also used which run beneath the
sea or river bed.

STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF SFT

Submerged floating tunnel consists of many structural components.
These components should provide strength and stiffness against
the various forces acting under the water surface. The three basic
structural components are:

Tube

Anchoring

Shore connections

Tube

It should accommodate the traffic lanes and the equipments.

External shape can be circular , elliptical or polygonal.

It may be constructed of steel or concrete. Corrosion protection is

the main issue.

Tube is composed of elements of length varying from one

hundred meters to half a kilometre.

Anchoring

There are basically fours types of anchoring:

SFT with pontoons

SFT supported on columns

SFT with tethers to the bottom

SFT unanchored

Connections

The connections of the tube to the shore require appropriate

interface elements to couple the flexible water tube with the much
more rigid tunnel bored in the ground.

This joint should be able to restrain tube movements, without any

unsustainable increase in stresses.

COMPETITIVE FEATURES OF SFT

Invisible

Length only from shore to shore

Very low gradient

Access to underground service-parking space at ends

Length only from shore to shore

The actual SFT structure is only as long as the distance between

the shores.

If desired the SFT may be connected directly to tunnels and then

be completely out of sight for any desired distance.

CASE STUDY ON A SFT: TRANSATLANTIC TUNNEL

A Transatlantic tunnel is a theoretical submerged floating tunnel

which would span the Atlantic Ocean between North America and
Europe.

The transatlantic tunnel would be built of 54000 prefabricated

sections connected by watertight and vacuum-tight gaskets.

COMPONENTS OF TRANSATLANTIC TUNNEL

Transatlantic tunnel consists of many components. The main

components of this Tunnel are listed below.

Gasket/shell

Sea anchors

Utility conduits and service port

Vacuum pumps

Maglev train

Guide ways

CHALLENGES TO BE FACED

Cost: - Due to lots of material and machinery involved in

project, estimated cost is nearly 1.2 Thousand core dollars.

Fire: - It is difficult to rescue people if fire will break out in

train and also to face the problems due to the smoke of fire.

Collision: - If in case of collision of two trains took place,

it is very difficult to rescue the people.

No Stoppage: - It is very difficult to stop the train

travelling on such a high speed.

Problems with it..

Tunnels required for higher costs of security and construction than bridges. This
may mean that over short distances bridges may be preferred rather than tunnels
(for exampleDartford Crossing).

Bridges may not allow shipping to pass, so solutions such as theOresund Bridge
have been constructed.

Implementation of this project is very tough & requiring skilled labours & heavy
machinery & facing very adverse situations.

CONCLUSION

The submerged floating tunnel will set up new trends in

transportation engineering and which shows with the advances in
technology that will reduce the time required for travelling.

And make the transportation more effective by hiding the traffic

under water by which the beauty of landscape is maintained and
valuable land is available for other purposes.

REFERANCES

[1]Christian Ingerslev Immersed and floating tunnels Science Direct VOL.

4 ,2010 PP: 51-59.
[2]. Kurian Zhanga, Yiqiang Xianga,*, Yinguang Dub Research on tubular
segment design of submerged floating tunnel Science Direct VOL. 4,2010
.PP:195-205.
[3]. Yiqiang Xiang*, Chengxi Liu, Keion Zhang, Qiangqiang Risk analysis and
management of submerged floating tunnel and its applications Science
Direct VOL. 4,2010,PP:107-116.
[4]. Brent Jacobsen Design of the Submerged Floating Tunnel operating
under various conditions Science Direct VOL. 4 2010, PP: 71-79.
[5]. Fei Ge*, Wei Lu, Xuedong Wu, Yoshi Hong Fluid-structure interaction of
submerged floating tunneling wave field Science Direct Vol 4 2010 PP: 263271.

Thanks