YONSEI UNIVERSITY

Mechanical Engineering
Intelligent Structure & Integrated Design Laboratory

Mechanical Behavior of Materials

Chapter 05. Stress-Strain Relationships and Behavior

Prof. Heoung-Jae Chun

School of Mechanical Engineering
Yonsei Univ.

5.1 Introduction

Objectives
(i)Get familiar with elastic, plastic and creep (steady &
transient) strains
(ii)Explore general state of stress-stain relationships (3D)
(iii)Know elastic behavior to basic cases of anisotropy

Terminologies
(i) Mechanics of materials, theory of elasticity,
finite element method
(ii) Isotropic, anisotropic
(iii) Homogeneous, inhomogeneous

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

Rheological model
: Newtons law
: acceleration
: deformation

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

: spring,
: linear dashpot,
: slide model,

Steady-state creep
Transient creep(slow down as time passes)
(Youngs modulus)
similarly
(coefficient of tensile viscosity)

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

Loading and unloading behavior of (a) an elastic, perfectly

plastic model, (b) an elastic, linear-hardening model, and (c)
a material with nonlinear hardening.

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

5.2.1
Plastic Deformation Models

Monotonic loading model

elastic strain(

(i) if
(ii) if

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

5.2.2
Creep Deformation Models

Steady state creep model

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

5.2.2
Creep Deformation Models

Transient Creep Model

differential equation to
)

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

5.2.3
Relaxation Behavior

elastic part
: creep part
since,

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

At

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

Relaxation under constant strain for a model with steadystate creep and elastic behavior. The step in strain (a)
causes stress-time behavior as in (b), and stress-strain
behavior as in (c).

5.2 Models for Deformation Behavior

Stress-time step applied to a material exhibiting strain

response that includes elastic, plastic, and creep
components.

5.3 Elastic Deformation

5.3.1
Elastic Constants

5.3 Elastic Deformation

5.3.3
Hookes Law for Three Dimensions

where

5.3 Elastic Deformation

y

since ,

&

5.3 Elastic Deformation

Example 1
A cylindrical pressure vessel 10 m long has closed ends, a wall
thickness of 5 mm, and an inner diameter of 3 m. If the vessel is
filled with air to a pressure of 2 MPa, how much do the length,
diameter, and wall thickness change, and in each case is the
change an increase or a decrease? The vessel is made of a steel
having elastic modulus E=200GPa, and Poissons ratio =0.3.
Neglect any effects associated with the details of how the ends
are attached.

5.3 Elastic Deformation

Sol)

Hookes law,
Since L=10 m, t=5 mm, d=3 mm, p=2 MPa, E=200 GPa,
and =0.3,

5.3 Elastic Deformation

5.3.4
Volumetric Strain and Hydrostatic Stress

,
: Volumetric strain(Dilatation)

5.3 Elastic Deformation

Generalized
Hookes law

Hydrostatic stress

: Bulk modulus

5.3 Elastic Deformation

5.3.5
Thermal Strains

5.3 Elastic Deformation

Example
2

(free surface)

Liquid

Thermal residual stresses

5.3 Elastic Deformation

5.3 Elastic Deformation

Elastic and plastic components of total strain, and the effect

of plastic deformation on Poissons ratio.

Homework

Problem
5.4, 5.7, 5.11, 5.16, 5.27, 5.30