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HISTORY OF

ARCHITECTURE

SUBMITTED TO:
AR. PRIYA MATHUR

SUBMITTED BY:
AKSHI GIRDHAR
CHANDA KHATRI
2nd Year, 3rd sem.,sec. B
Faculty of architecture,
Jagannath University

Where is the Indus valley ?


The Indus Valley is on the
border between
India,Pakistan and
Afghanistan.The main city
may have been MohenjoDaro but it could have
been Harappa.
To the West of MohenjoDaro are the
Highlands.North East of
Mohenjo Daro are the
Himalayan mountains.

The Drainage System


The most unique aspect of planning
during the Indus Valley civilization was
the system of underground drainage.
The main sewer, 1.5 meters deep and
91 cm across, connected to many northsouth and east-west sewers.
It was made from bricks smoothened
and joined together seamlessly.
The expert masonry kept the sewer
watertight. Drops at regular intervals
acted like an automatic cleaning device.

This drain is
about 5 meters
deep.

The drainage systems were


so big that a human would
have been able to walk
through the middle of one.
This was really helpful
because if the drain was
blocked, the drain could be
easily accessed.
They were also very clever
because they used cement
and clay bricks to make the
drains, which always sloped
downhill.

MEN HOLE

Working of the Drainage System


Water flowed from houses into the street
drains. The street drains had manholes at
regular intervals.
Each house had horizontal and vertical
drains. There were underground drains for
the streets. These drains were covered by
stone slabs. The soak pits were made of
bricks. The house drains were connected
with road drains.

Housewives were expected to use pits in


which heavier part of the rubbish will settle
down while only sewerage water was allowed
to drain off.
All soak pits and drains were occasionally
cleaned by workmen.
If the drains were not cleaned, the water ran
into the houses and silt built up. Then the
Harappans would build another story on top
of it. This raised the level of the city over the
years, and today archaeologists call these high
structures mounds.

In every house there was a well-constructed sink,


and water flowed from the sink into the
underground sewers in the streets.
A wooden screen at the end of the drains held
back solid wastes. Liquids entered a cess poll made
of radial bricks. Tunnels carried the waste liquids to
the main channel connecting the dockyard with the
river estuary.
Commoner houses had baths and drains that
emptied into underground soakage jars.

Scientists have found what they think are giant


reservoirs for fresh water. They have also found
that even the smallest house at the edge of each
town was linked to that town's central drainage
system. (Is it possible that they not only drained
waste water out, but also had a system to pump
fresh water into their homes, similar to modern
plumbing.
its own private bathroom. Clay pipes led from the
bathrooms to sewers located under the streets.
These sewers drained into nearly rivers and
streams.

In indus valley civilisation there were two


types of toilets mainly used that is pit toilet
and flush toilets.
26th century BC: Flush toilets were first
used in the Indus Valley Civilization. The
cities of Harappa and Mohenjo-daro had a
flush toilet in almost every house, attached
to a sophisticated sewage system.

Drainage system from


the harappan
civilisation
Sanitary drainage
at the acropolis.

Drainage system
Rakhigarhi- ( A Harappan metropolis in the
sarawati-drishwati divide , Puratattav)
(2916'N and 7610'E) is situated in tehsil
Narnuaul, Distt. Hisar, Haryana.
The site is in the drainage basin of ancient
Sarawati-Drishdwati rivers.
This elaborate drainage system shows that the
Indus Valley people were fully conversant with
the principles of health and sanitation.

Source
ancient indian town planning by akshat
kaushik
indiansaga.com
harappa.com
www.crystalinks.com/induscivilization

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