DC-DC Converters

Applications

switch mode dc power supplies

dc motor drives
Battery Operated Vehicles
AC-DC-AC converter

7-1

DC-DC Converters:

Step-down (buck) converter

Step-up (boost) converter
Step-down/step-up (buck-boost) converter

7-2

Functional Block Diagram of DC-DC Converter System

Controlled dc output at a desired

voltage level
Unregulated dc voltage obtained by
rectifying the line voltage, and therefore
will fluctuate with line voltage magnitude

7-3

Step Down Or Buck

Converter
Switch

7-4

1
1
V0 vin t dt
T 0
T
T

ton

ton

Vin dt

0
dt

ton
Vin DVin
T

Buck converter is like a dc transformer where the turns ratio can be controlled
electronically in a range of 0-1 by controlling D of the switch

Applications:
switch mode dc power supplies
dc motor drives

7-5

Step-Up (Boost) Converter

7-6

Step-Up (Boost) Converter

Output voltage always higher than the input voltage
When the switch is ON:
diode is reversed biased
output circuit is thus isolated
inductor is charged
When the switch is OFF:
the output stage received energy from the inductor as well as from the input
Filter capacitor is very large to ensure constant output voltage
Applications:
regulated switch mode power supplies
Regenerative braking of dc motors
Trolley Buses & Subway Cars
7-7

Average Output
voltage

Vs
Vo
1 D
7-8

Step-Up (Boost) Converter: Effect of parasitic elements

Parasitic elements are due to the

losses associated with the

inductor, capacitor, switch and
diode
Figure shows the effect of the
parasitic elements on the voltage
transfer ratio
Unlike ideal characteristics, in
practice, Vo /Vd declines as duty
ratio approaches unity

7-9

Step-Down/Step-Up (Buck-Boost) Converter

This converter can be obtained by the cascade
connection of two converters: the step-down
converter and the step-up converter

The output voltage can be higher or lower than the

input voltage

output voltage

D
Vo
Vs
1 D
7-10

Buck-Boost
Converter
7-11

Buck-Boost Converter: Effect of parasitic elements

Parasitic elements are due to
the losses associated with
the inductor, capacitor,
switch and diode
Parasitic elements have
significant impact on the
voltage transfer ratio

7-12