Break k baad milta

hoon

March 1922
Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to
six years in jail
Leadership Vacuum

What to do
Nationalist leaders issued bewilderment on withdrawal
of movement
Congress 3D
Disintegration, Disorganisation and
Demoralisation
1.Clash of Ideologies in Congress Origin due to
leadership
2.Resurgence of Revolutionary Terrorism
vacuum

Clash of Ideologies
Emergence of 2 groups:
1. Advocated to end the boycott &
enter Councils
Pro Changers/Swarajists

2. Continue boycott and lage raho

with constructive work
No Changers

Swarajists and No Changers

C.R. Das, Motilal Nehru and Ajmal Khan
end to the boycott of legislative
councils
Nationalists could enter them to
expose the basic weaknesses of these
assemblies
use these councils as an arena of
political struggle to arouse popular
enthusiasm
to 'end or mend these

Lets enter
councils....and
bring swaraj...
Motilal Nehru

councils
Advocating entry into legislative
councils came to be known as the
Swarajists
C.R. Das

Swarajists and No Changers

Q. Swarajists' Arguments?
Entering the councils would not negate the noncooperation programme
Time of political vacuum council work would serve to
enthuse the
masses and keep up their morale
Intention was to use the councils as arena of political
struggle
Entry of nationalists would deter the Government from
stuffing the councils with undesirable elements who may
be used to provide legitimacy to government measures

Swarajists and No Changers

'Nochangers'
opposed council entry
Advocated ,concentration on constructive work
continuation of boycott and noncooperation
No taking part
in councils.

C. Rajagopalachari M.A. Ansari

Rajendra Prasad Vallabhbhai Patel

Swarajists and No Changers

Q. No-Changers' Arguments??
Parliamentary work would lead to neglect of constructive
work
Constructive work would prepare everyone for the next
phase
of civil disobedience

Swarajists and No Changers

December 1922, Gaya Session
defeat of the Swarajists' proposal of 'ending or

R Das and Motilal Nehru resigned

mation of Congress-Khilafat Swarajya Party

Cant accept
your
programme...afs
os...!

We want
Humra
congress to
Proposal
accept
reject kar
mending'
Swarajist
diya...!
programme

Swarajists and No Changers Baat karne se

Haan to

December 1922, Gaya Session

bolo..Nehruji kya
karien
formation of CongressKhilafat Swarajya Party

hi baat banti
hai

So, what next?

Split like
1907?
Both sides wanted to avoid a
1907 type split and kept in touch
with gandhi who was in jail
realised the significance of
putting up a united front

Keep me in the
loop...

March 1922
Gandhi was arrested and sentenced to
six years in jail

Break k baad
milta hoon

Leadership Vacuum
Clash of Ideologies
Pro Changers vs. No changers
December 1922, Gaya Session
Defeat of Swarajists Proposal
September 1923, Delhi
Compromise between Swarajists & No Changers

Okay...u can
contest as a
group within
congress

Swarajists and No Changers

Swarajists were allowed to contest
elections as a group within the Congress
Swarajists accepted the Congress
programme

Q. Gandhi's Attitude towards Swarajists?

Mann nahi
manta..lekin
ek baar try
karne do

Initially opposed to the Swarajist proposal of council entry

Gradually moved towards a reconciliation

December 1922, Gaya Session

Defeat of Swarajists Proposal

Dekha
mera
kamaal

can
contest as
a group
within
congress

September 1923, Delhi

Compromise between Swarajists & No Changers
Swarajists to contest within Congress
November 1923 elections
Swarajist Wins42 out of 141 elected seats
clear majority in the provincial assembly of Central
Provinces

Swarajists and No Changers

Shant baithiye.....
Pls maintain
decorum of the
house

Positiv
Q. Assesment of Swarajists??
es
1.Filled the political
vacuum
Vithalbhai Patel speaker of Central Legislative Assembly
in 1925
2.Agitated through powerful
speeches

3.Outvoted the government several times

Defeat of the Public Safety Bill(1928)
aimed at empowering the Government to deport
undesirable
and subversive foreigners

Swarajists and No Changers

Q. Assesment of Swarajists??
Negatives

Assembly
chale nahi
denge

Lacked a policy to coordinate

Obstructionist strategy had its
limitations
Failed to resist the perks and privileges of power and
office

November 1923 elections

Assembly
nahin
chalne
denge

Swarajist Wins42 out of 141 elected seats

clear majority in the provincial assembly of Central
Provinces
Assesment +ve --ve
Q. Why did the swarajist movement came
to an end?
1924
Weakening of Swarajist Programme
Division amongst
Swarajists
NonResponsivis
Responsivisits
its
1925 Death of CR
Das

CR Das- Nov
1869 to June
1925

Swarajists and No Changers

Q. Why council entry programme fizzled
Byout?
1924
1.Weakening of Swarajists Position Communal Riots
2.Leadership VacuumDeath of C.R. Das in 1925
3.Split Responsivist Vs. Non-responsivist lines
Responsivists Group within Swarajistsadvocated
cooperation with the Government and holding of office
wherever possible to protect the Hindu interests

N.C. Kelkar

Madan Mohan Malaviya

Lala Lajpat Rai

Swarajists and No Changers

Q. Why council entry programme fizzled out?
Anti National ho aap

N.C. Kelkar

Madan
Mohan
Malaviya

Lala Lajpat Rai

Motilal Nehru

Accused the Non-responsivists like Motilal Nehru of being

anti-Hindu
In 1926 elections they failed as a party in disarray, and
did not fare well

March 1922
Political Vaccum
December 1922, Gaya
Defeat of Swarajists
proposal
September 1923
Compromise
November 1923
Swarajist Wins42 out of 141 elected seats
clear majority in the provincial assembly of Central
Provinces

1924
Weakening of Swarajists Communal Riots
1925
Death of Founder CR
Das
Split Responsivits, Non
Responsivits
1926, Elections
Fails in elections
Not much Contribution later on except,
1929
Defeat of Public Safety Bill

Thank You

Swarajists and No Changers

Q. No Changers-Assesment?
Ashrams sprang up where young, men and women
worked, among tribals and lower castes
National schools and colleges were set up
Significant work was done for Hindu-Muslim unity
Removing untouchability, boycott of foreign cloth and
liquor, and for flood relief
National education benefited the urban lower middle
classes and the rich peasants only
Popularisation of khadi was an uphill task
No emphasis was laid on the economic grievances of the
landless and agricultural labourers comprising mostly the
untouchables