You are on page 1of 27

Automobile Components and

Technology ME 5742

Unit III

Transmission Systems

Overdrive, Propeller Shaft, Slip Joints,


Universal Joints and Differential

Overdrives
Is a device which is used to step up the gear ratio in the vehicle. It
is mounted in between transmission and propeller shaft.
A transmission is in overdrive when the transmission output shaft is
turning faster than the transmission input shaft, or clutch gear.
Overdrive is generally fixed on top gear only.

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Overdrive

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Propeller shaft (Driveline or drive shaft)


The propeller shaft is connected between the gearbox output
shaft and the input shaft of the differential at the wheel axle.

1. Open type Tubular


cross section not
enclosed
2. Enclosed Type
Solid cross section

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Slip joints
The distance between two points is constantly
changed when a shaft transmits power between two points.
This change is compensated by slip joints.

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Universal Joints
Is mainly used to make a flexible connection between
two rigid shafts at an angle. It permits the transmission of
constantly varying power.

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Differentials
Is a gear arrangement that permits the axles to turn at
different speeds (e.g. when turning), and it's the final set of gears that
reduces engine speed to axle speed.
In rear drive car, the differential is part of the rear axle, separate from
the transmission.
In front-wheel drive cars, it's part of the transmission, or "transaxle".

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

10

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Rear Wheel drive Differential

11

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

12

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

13

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

14

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

15

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Function of Differential gear unit

Transfers power from driveshaft to the wheels.

Provides final gear reduction.

Splits amount of torque going to each wheel.

Allow the wheels to rotate at different speeds in


turns.

16

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

17

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


http://auto.howstuffworks.com/differential2.htm
Professor, SSE, SU.

18

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Rear Axle
1.

2.

Dead Axle do not rotate with the wheels (stationary


axles)
Live Axle Rotating together with wheel

Functions
1. Total weight of the rear wheel causes bending and also the
shearing action.
2. Bending load and thrust or pull are caused by side thrust on
the wheels when cornering.
3. Driving Torque.

Types of Rear Axles


1. Semi floating
2. Three-quarter floating
3. Full floating

19

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

1. Semi floating axle

2. Three-Quarter floating axle

20

3. Full floating axle

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

Rear Axle Drives

The arrangement to withstand both thrust and torque


reaction is
1.
Hotchkiss drive
2.
Torque tube drive

21

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

1. Hotchkiss drive

It consists of two longitudinal leaf springs and propeller shaft.


The propeller shaft has slip joints.
The front end of the leaf springs is hinged to the frame.
The rear end is connected with the frame by swinging shackles.
The rear end torque and driving thrust is borne by the springs.
22

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

23

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

24

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

25

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

2. Torque tube drive

A hollow tube encloses the propeller shaft in this type.


The tube is rigidly connected to the differential housing at one end.
The other end of the tube is connected to the gearbox casing by a flexible
ball and socket arrangement.
The driving thrust and rear end torque are carried by a hallow tube.
Only one universal joint is enough at the gearbox.
26 sliding joint. Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.
There is no
Professor, SSE, SU.

27

Dr. S. Christopher, Asso.


Professor, SSE, SU.

You might also like