AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

in

JAKARTA

(Indonesia)

Environmentally Sustainable Engineering I

Shibaura Institute of Technology
July 29, 2015

Presentation By:

Azka Nur Medha, Inas Yaumi Aisharya, Ni Ketut Ratih Larasati

OUTLINE

Jakarta Air
Quality
Overview
and Issues

Jakarta Air
Quality
Problems

Our
Solution

Conclusion

Chapter One

JAKARTA AIR QUALITY

OVERVIEW AND ISSUES

Where Is Jakarta??

Air pollution is a problem in big cities, including Jakarta

province, the capital of the Republic of Indonesia. The
pollution is due to increased human activities, population
growth, the increasing number of industries, and
transportation. Monitoring of ambient air quality
parameters, such as total suspended particles (TSP),
sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monitrogen

Total Area : 7.659,02 km2

Population : 9.988.329

Who is Responsible for Measuring Air Quality in Jakarta?

BPLHD
Jakarta Environmental
Management Agency
Continuously
Momentarily

Air Pollution Category

Category
Good
Average

Score
0-50
51-100

Unhealthy

101-199

Very
unhealthy

200-299

Dangerous

More than
300

How to get
these
scores?

Air Pollution Index Limitation

index PM10
24hr
s
g/m
3

SO2
24hr
s
g/m
3

CO
8hrs
g/m
3

O3
1hr
g/m
3

NO2
1hr
g/m
3

50

50

80

120

(2)

I = Index
Example:
Ia = Index upper limit SO2 is 332 g/m3 ->
Ib = Index Lower limit air pollution index is
Xa = Upper Limit
92
Xb = Lower Limit
Xx = parameter
measured
For example in a city, there are 3

100

150

365

10

235

(2)

monitoring stations

200

350

800

17

400

1130

300

420

1600

34

800

2260

400

500

2100

46

1000

3000

500

600

2620

57.5

1200

3750

In 25 degree celcius and 760

mmHg

1st station -> PM10=96, SO2=80 O3=40

NO2=55 CO=90
2nd station -> PM 10=88 SO2=44 O3=40
NO2=42 CO=83
3rd station -> PM10=91 SO2=71 O3=35
NO2=55 CO=92
The Index which is reported is the highest
value, for this example, the highest value

The Latest Jakarta Air Quality Measure??

Category

Score

Good

0-50

Average

51-100

Unhealthy

101-199

Very
unhealthy

200-299

Dangerous

More than
300

Air Quality Location Sampling Examples

According to The
Wall2014
Street
Ambient Air Quality for SO2 in Jakarta,
Journal in 2012,
BPLHD hasnt
provide sufficient
air quality data

Ambient Air Quality for NO2 in Jakarta, 2014

What Media Said About BPLHD??

The Official Data that had been released by BPLHD for the past 5 years
show that Jakarta Air Quality is improving. But WHO doubt that, as the
wall street journal said.
During the five-year period in which the Jakarta government
says air quality was improving2005-2010data were taken
from damaged stations some years. In other years, it came from
only one or two stations, often from different locations,
complicating attempts to compare results over time.

BPLHD responses to this statement was that they admit that

they didnt have enough automatic monitoring air quality
The agency also doesn't publicly measure PM2.5, the tiny
dust particles that are considered more dangerous to human
health than PM10.

Major pollutant:
Black fumes come out
of the exhaust pipe of
a car that runs on
diesel fuel during a
free emissions test at
Taman Mini Indonesia
Indah culture and
tourism park in East
Jakarta. The city
administration has yet
to require all vehicles
to undergo
Head
of theemissions
Jakarta
tests.
Environmental
Management Agency
(BPLHD) laboratory
Joni Tagor concurred
and said the city
administration had
yet to make an effort

In 2016, US Helps Jakarta Monitor Air Quality

The US Embassy has recently
installed air quality monitors
on its two buildings in South
and Central Jakarta that will
detect dangerous airborne
particles on an hourly basis,
in an effort to improve air
quality data in the capital.
The BAM 1020 devices that
have been installed,
automatically measure and
record particulate matter
(PM) 2.5, a very small
particle that is considered a
great risk to health and can
get lodged deep in the lungs
and bloodstream. The
particle reading is turned

Air Quality Data

Air Pollution Data

in Jakarta from
World Health
Organization

Chapter Two

JAKARTA AIR QUALITY

PROBLEMS

Air Quality Measurement

ISPU (Indeks Standar Pencemar Udara) / API (Air Pollution
Index)
Basic Parameter:
- Particle (PM10) measured in 24 hours
- Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) measured in 24 hours
- Carbon Monoxide (CO) measured in 8 hours
- Ozone (O3) measured in 1 hour
- Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) measured in 1 hour

Air Problems in Jakarta

Almost 60% diseases caused by air
pollution such as asthma and
bronchitis and also ARI (Acute
Respiratory Infection)
1/3 of death in the world caused by
respiratory diseases
Almost 70% air pollution in Jakarta
caused by transportation sector with
CO2 emission
And also Jakarta has lack of open
green space with 30% standard,
Jakarta still has 9% open green spaces

Carbon 70 %
Vehicles

Nitrogen 9 %

80 %

SO2 1 %

The Major Sources

of Air Pollutants in
Jakarta

Hydrocarbon %

Industry

20 %

Chapter Three

Our Solution to
Solve Air Quality
Problems

What Indonesia Government Has

Done to Tackle the Air Pollution
Problems?

The Ministry of Environment requires that all

new vehicles meet Euro 2/II emission standards,
and the Director General of Oil and Gas has set
fuel quality standards necessary to achieve
those emission levels.
The Ministry of Transportation has pursued a
program to promote the use of compressed
natural gas (CNG)
Several ministries have examined other
measures to reduce vehicle pollution in
workshops and meetings with stakeholders
Public transportations in Jakarta
such as oil and auto industry members,
are using CNG
university experts, and NGOs.

But measures taken to curb the effects lag

behind the pace of vehicle growth and,
subsequently, the increasing number of toxic
pollutants we breathe in every day.
This progress has not sufficient to
control pollution in Jakarta, the
government need to take a bigger
step to create a better air quality.

We need many bigger actions!

How can we start?

What is the major
source?
Transportation is the
major sources of air
pollutant in Jakarta,
which become the
source of 80% of
total pollutant

Too many private cars and

motorcyles
Less integrated public
transportation lead Jakarta citizens
to use private vehicles.

The traffic congestion is

getting worse

People spend too much time in the

road, this situation worsening the
air pollutant caused by fuel
combustion

OUR PROPOSALS
Encourage the use of
cleaner fuel and green
transportation as the
primary option of all
citizens
Low Emission Zone
Integrated
Transportation
Systems Throughout
the Transit-Oriented
Development

Encourage the use of

cleaner fuel and green
transportation as the
primary option of all
citizens

Stingent the emission

standard

Indonesia needs to set up a stringent emission

standard, especially for sulfur level. By lowering
the sulfur standard, Jakarta would enable to
implement the higher standard of Euro standard
from current point is Euro 2/II to Euro 4/IV.
To support this action, Jakarta need to secure the
low-sulfur fuel. The use of compressed natural
gas needed to be promoted more than the state
today.

Low Emission Zone

Low Emission Zones (LEZs) are
urban areas or roads where the
most polluting vehicles are
restricted from entering. This
means that vehicles are banned,
or in some cases charged, if they
enter the LEZ when they do not
comply with certain emission
Success implementation :
requirements.
In Berlin, LEZs have been
effective since 2008, and their
emission standards requirements
have become stricter in 2010.

Integrated
Transportation Systems
Through the
Implementation of TOD
Transit-oriented development
(TOD) brings compact, mixeduse development within
walking distance of high
capacity rapid transit. TOD
features vibrant streetscapes,
pedestrian-oriented built
forms, and land use
characteristics that make it
convenient and safe to walk,
cycle, and use public
transport.

8 Principles to guide
the development of
Transit-Oriented
Development.

Chapter Four

Conclusion

Jakarta as much as big cities in the world experience the bad air
quality because the industry activity and high number of vehicles.
Even until today, Jakarta still fighting the bad air quality issues
Air quality measurements is very important to formulate the right
policy for the environment. Our environment agency having
difficulties for at least past 5 years because inaccurate air quality
data.
Even though the government had already formulated the policy
to reduced the air pollutants, yet its still not enough. Jakarta need
a bigger actions to solve the air quality problems

THANKYOU :D