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October 16, 2016

October 16, 2016

UPS: UNINTERRUPTED POWER SUPPLY

WHY UPS?
*

CERTAIN SENSITIVE EQUIPMENT REQUIRE


1). CONTINUOUS & CONSISTENT POWER SUPPLY .
2). GOOD QUALITY OF INPUT POWER

October 16, 2016

QUALITY OF POWER

1). VOLTAGE WITHIN TOLERABLE LIMITS


2). FREQUENCY WITHIN TOLERABLE LIMITS

3). INTERRUPTION FREE

4). SHAPE OF THE WAVEFORM


October 16, 2016

CLASSIFICATION
1. DEPENDING UPON THE PRIMARY SOURCE
$ ON-LINE UPS SYSTEMS
$ OFF-LINE UPS SYSTEMS
2. DEPENDING UPON CHANGE OVER PHILOSOPHY
$ STAND-BY UPS SYSTEMS
$ ON-LINE UPS SYSTEMS

October 16, 2016

OFF-LINE UPS
TRANSFORMER

LOAD

BATTERY
CHARGER

BATTERY
STACK

INVERTER

$ IT STARTS FUNCTIONING ONLY WHEN MAINS SUPPLY


FAILS.
$ UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS THE LOAD IS DRIVEN BY
MAIN SUPPLY.
$ WHEN SUPPLY FAILS / VARIES FROM NOMINAL VALUE
INVERTER PROVIDES SUPPLY TO THE LOAD.
October 16, 2016

ON-LINE UPS
RECTIFIER

INVERTER

LOAD
TRANSFORMER

BATTERY
STACK

FIG 2: ON-LINE UPS SYSTEM


$ IT FUNCTIONS EVEN UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS.
$ THE MAINS SUPPLY DRIVES THE RECTIFIER / BATTERY
CHARGER.
$ DC POWER IS APPLIED TO THE INVERTER AS WELL AS
BACK UP BATTERY (FOR FLOAT CHARGE).
$ WHEN THE MAINS SUPPLY FAILS INVERTER DRAWS
POWER FROM THE BACK-UP BATTERY.
October 16, 2016

ALL OUR UPS ARE ON-LINE SYSTEMS

STAND-BY MODE
SURGE
SUPPRESSOR

BATTERY CHARGER

FILTER

BATTERY STACK

INVERTER

FIG:3 STAND-BY MODE

Normally power is fed by mains & C/O switch


selects mains power (Primary source).

When mains supply fails load is supplied by battery.

C/O switch must be operated when mains fails.

October 16, 2016

ON-LINE UPS
SURGE
SUPPRESSOR

CHANGE OVER
(C/O) SWITCH

FILTER

BATTERY CHARGER

LOAD

INVERTER
BATTERY STACK

Fig:4 on-line operation

$ Load draws power from inverter (primary source).


$ When there is any problem with inverter, C/O switch selects
mains supply.
$ Mains failure doesnt cause any operation of C/O switch.

October 16, 2016

REDUNDANCY
Providing facilities to transfer the load from failed
system to a stand- by system so as to reduce the possibilities
of power interruption.
SLD of our UPS system:
Static switch

BY-PASS

UPS-1

MCB 2

MCCB 3

Battery stack
Out put

UPS-2
October 16, 2016

MCB 2

MCCB 3
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ELECTRONIC C

/O

SWITCH

TI

MAINS
LOAD

T2

UPS 1/2

GATE-PULSES
T1

T2

October 16, 2016

T1

T2

T1
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UPS CONSISTS OF :
RECTIFIER / BATTERY CHARGER
INVERTER
BATTETRY STACK
REACTORS ( BOTH AC & DC )
FILTERS
TRANSFORMERS
ELECTRONIC C/O SWITCH STATIC TYPE

October 16, 2016

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Transformers :
Isolating transformers
3-ph / 1ph transformers
Isolating transformers:
These provides Galvanic isolation for the main
supply from the secondary circuit.
For single phase O/P systems to distribute the load
across a three-phase mains supply.
3-ph / 1ph transformers
This is accommodated in By-pass mains supply.
Load is directly fed from this transformer secondary
through a stabilizer (sometimes without stabilizer also).
October 16, 2016

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Rectifier / Battery charger :


Rectifier is the circuit which converts sinusoidal
voltage into unidirectional form.
1) diode rectifiers
2) thyristor controlled rectifiers
Diode rectifiers - no control on O/P Voltage .
Thyristor Converters - controlled O/P voltage
(by changing the firing angle of thyristors).

October 16, 2016

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INVERTERS
WHICH CONVERT D.C VOLTAGE
IN TO ALTERNATING FORM.
.
OUT PUT MAY NOT BE PERFECT SINUSOIDAL

VOLTAGE FED INVERTERS


IN WHICH THE D.C VOLTAGE AT I/P IS ADJUSTABLE..
CURRENT FED INVERTERS
IN WHICH I/P D.C CURRENT IS ADJUSTABLE.

OUT PUT FREQUENCY IS DETERMINED BY THE TIME PERIOD


BETWEEN FIRING OF THYRISTOR GROUPS.

October 16, 2016

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ADVANTAGES :
NO MOVING PARTS .
NOISE FREE OPERATRION
QUICK OPERATION ( LESS CLOSING & OPENING TIME
AROUND .1 ms
RAPID ISOLATION & SWITCH OFF IN THE EVENT OF FAULT.

DISADVANTAGES :
MORE PRONE TO FAILURE DUE TO CURRENT & VOLTAGE OVER LOADS
IT DOESNT PROVIDE COMPLETE ISOLATION DUE TO LEAKAGE CURRENTS.
MORE EXPENSIVE.
APPLICATIONS :
IN EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES WHERE ARCING OF CONTACTORS
WOULD BE DANGEROUS.
WHERE IT IS REQUIRED TO OPERATE REPEATEDLY.
WHEN THE CONTACTOR IS REQUIRED TO RESPOND TO VOLTAGE
SIGNALS FROM OTHER SOURCES.
October 16, 2016

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PREPARATION FOR OPERATAION ( OPERATING A RECTIFIER )


CONFIRM ALL THE FUSES ARE CONNECTED AND BREAKERS ARE TURNED OFF
STOP RECTIFIER
CLOSE THE BREAKER MCB1
OPEN THE BREAKER MCB1

OPERATE THE RECTIFIER

IF NO

Rectifier operation Indicator lamp goes OFF ( Graphic indication )


IF YES

IS DC VOLTAGE
ESTABLISHED?
IF YES
CLOSE THE BREAKER( MCB2)

October 16, 2016

IF NO

WAIT UNTIL DC
VOLTAGE IS
ESTABLISHED

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START CHARGING
DPU1 : DISPLAY UNIT ( REAR OPERATION SWITCH )
REMOTE - DIRECT CHANGE - OVER SWITCH:
TO BE SET TO THE DIRECT SIDE
TEST - NORMAL CHANGE -OVER SWITCH:
TO BE SET TO THE NORMAL SIDE
( OUT PUT CHANGING PANEL )
CONFIRM THAT THE BREAKER
(MCB 31) IS TURNED ON

PREPARATION FOR OPERATION


IS COMPLEATED

INVERTER ON
October 16, 2016

GRAPHIC INDICATION LIT ON


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(Push ) (Lighting On : Graphic indication)

INVERTER STARTS OPERATION


(Lighting On : Graphic indication)
LOAD ON INVERTER

UNLOADING AND STOPPING THE UPS


INVERTER OFF
OPEN THE BREAKER MCB1
INVERTER STOPS OPERATION
( push ) ( Operation indicating Lamp and
LOAD ON INVERTER Lamp Lit Off :
Graphic indication

OPEN THE BREAKER MCB2


October 16, 2016

STOP THE RECTIFIER

REMOVE CONTROL FUSES


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TEST - NORMAL SWITCH


BY SELECTING THIS MODE, IT IS POSSIBLE TO EFFECT TEST
RUN OF THE INVERTER ALONE.
INVERTER SUPPLY IS SUSPENDED EVEN IF THE INVERTER IS
BEING OPERATED.

REMOTE - DIRECT SWITCH


BY SETTING THE REMOTE-DIRECT CHANGE-OVER SWITCH
TO THE REMOTE POSITION, THE OPERATION OF THE
INVERTER CAN BE CONTROLLED FROM A REMOTE POSITION

BYPASS SYNC SWITCH:


NORMALLY THIS SWITCH SHOULD BE IN ON POSITION THAT
MEANS INVERTER IS SYNCHRONISING WITH THE BYPASS ,
AND NOT IN SYNC INDICATION GOES OFF.

SWITCH SHOULD BE KEPT IN OFF MODE WHEN THE COMMERCIAL


(APTRANSCO) IS BEING EXTENDED TO THE BYPASS SUPPLY THAT
MEANS INVERTER IS OPERATED BY ITS OWN INTERNAL
OSCILLATOR. IN THIS MODE INVERTER TO BYPASS AND BYPASS
TO INVERTER OPERATION IS NOT POSSIBLE.
October 16, 2016

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UPS SUPPLY / BYPASS


SUPPLY CHANGE OVER
UPS SUPPLY

UPS SUPPLY

(Bypass sync OFF)

(Bypass Sync ON)

( OUTPUT
BYPASS SYNC
CHANGING PANEL)
ON
CHANGE

NOT IN
SYNC
Lit ON ?

yes

WAIT UNTIL IT
COMES

No
SYNC. OPERATION BY
BYPASS POWER
LOAD ON BYPASS
press
LOAD SHIFT
CONTROL
BYPASS SUPPLY

October 16, 2016

Bypass Sync ON

OPERATION SELECTING FROM


BYPASS SUPPLY TO UPS SUPPLY
DURING BYPASS
SUPPLY
( bypass Sync off )

DURING BYPASS
SUPPLY
(Bypass Sync on)

( OUTPUT
BYPASS SYNC CHANGING
ON
PANEL)
CHANGE
NOT IN
SYNC

yes WAIT UNTIL IT


COMES
Lit on ?
No

SYNC OPERATION BY
BY PASS POWER
LOAD ON
INVERTER
Press lit ON
LOAD SHIFT
CONTROL
UPS SUPPLY

INVERTER
OPERATION
SUSPENDED
LOAD ON
BYPASS
(CHANGE)
( LIT ON)
BYPASS
SUPPLY
LOADING

INVERTER
OPERATION
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October 16, 2016

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BYPASS / UPS SUPPLY CHANGE OVER


DURING BYPASS
SUPPLY

DURING BYPASS
SUPPLY
( bypass Sync off )

BYPASS SYNC
ON

SYNC OPERATION BY
BY PASS POWER

(Bypass Sync on)

( OUTPUT
CHANGING PANEL)

LOAD ON INVERTER

Press lit ON

NOT IN
SYNC

yes

Lit on ?

WAIT UNTIL IT
COMES

LOAD SHIFT
CONTROL

UPS SUPPLY
No
October 16, 2016

23)
( BYPASS SYNC. ON

UPS SUPPLY / BYPASS SUPPLY CHANGE OVER

UPS SUPPLY

UPS SUPPLY

Bypass Sync OFF

Bypass Sync ON

BYPASS SYNC
ON

( OUTPUT
CHANGING PANEL)

SYNC. OPERATION BY
BYPASS POWER

LOAD ON BYPASS

press

NOT IN
SYNC
Lit ON ?

yes

WAIT UNTIL IT
COMES

LOAD SHIFT
CONTROL

BYPASS SUPPLY
No
October 16, 2016

Bypass Sync ON24

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