CH 4 Digital Communication

Digital Communications
Chapter 4
Bandpass Modulation And Demodulation/Detection
Signal Processing Lab
Block Diagram of a DCS

2
October 18, 2016

2 page
Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Dept. of Elec. and Info. Engr., Korea Univ.
Bandpass Signaling
October 18, 2016

3 page

4.2 Digital Bandpass Modulation
Bandpass Modulation : The process of converting data signal to a

sinusoidal waveform where its amplitude, phase or frequency, or a
combination of them, is varied in accordance with the transmitting data
Bandpass signal :
Where gT(t) is the baseband pulse shape with energy Eg
We assume here ( otherwise will be stated ) :
gT(t) is a rectangular pulse shape with unit energy
Gray coding is used for mapping bits to symbols;

Es
Es denotes average symbol energy given by
October 18, 2016

4 page
i 1
Ei

Digital Bandpass Modulations (contd)
One dimensional waveforms
Two dimensional waveforms
Amplitude Shift Keying ( ASK )

M-ary Pulse Amplitude Modulation ( M-PAM )
M-ary Phase Shift Keying ( M-PSK )

M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation ( M-QAM )
Multidimensional waveforms
M-ary Frequency Shift Keying ( M-FSK)
October 18, 2016

5 page

Bandpass Digital Modulations
October 18, 2016

6 page

Coherent and Non-Coherent Detections
Coherent detection
Requires carrier phase recovery at the receiver and, hence, needs

circuits to perform phase estimation.
Source of carrier-phase mismatch at the receiver :

Propagation delay causes carrier-phase offset in the received signal.
The oscillators at the receiver which generate the carrier signal, are not
usually phase-locked to the transmitted carrier.
October 18, 2016

7 page

Coherent and Non-Coherent Detections (contd)
Circuits such as Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) are implemented at the

receiver for carrier phase estimation
( )
Non-coherent detection
Does not require carrier phase recovery (uses differentially encoded

mod. or energy detectors) and hence, has less complexity at the price of
higher error rate.
October 18, 2016

8 page

One Dimensional Modulation, Demodulation

and Detection
Amplitude Shift Keying ( ASK ) modulation :
October 18, 2016

9 page

One Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)
M-ary Pulse Amplitude modulation (M-PAM)
October 18, 2016

10 page

One Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)
Coherent detection of M-PAM
October 18, 2016

11 page

Two Dimensional Modulation, Demodulation

and Detection
M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK)
October 18, 2016

12 page

Two Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)
October 18, 2016

13 page

Coherent detection of MPSK
October 18, 2016

14 page

M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Mod. (M-QAM)
October 18, 2016

15 page

October 18, 2016

16 page

Coherent detection of M-QAM
October 18, 2016

17 page

Multi-Dimensional Modulation, Demodulation and

Detection (HW #4 p.202 Example 4.3)
M-ary Frequency Shift Keying ( M-FSK )
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18 page

Multi-Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)
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19 page

Error Probability (contd)(Appendix B.18)
BPSK and BFSK with coherent detection:
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20 page

Non-Coherent Detection
No need in a reference in phase with the received carrier

Differentially coherent detection
Differential PSK (DPSK)
The information bits and previous symbol determine the phase of the current
symbol.
October 18, 2016

21 page

No attempt is made to determine the actual value of the phase

of the incoming signal.
Differentially Encoded PSK (DPSK)
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22 page

October 18, 2016

23 page

D8PSK Modulator
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24 page

Energy detection
Non-coherent detection for orthogonal signals
Carrier-phase offset causes partial correlation

between I and Q branches for each candidate signal.
The received energy corresponding to each

candidate signal is used for detection.
October 18, 2016

25 page

Envelope Detectors
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26 page

BER for Noncoherently Detected Binary Orthogonal FSK
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27 page

Rayleigh Density
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28 page

Rayleigh Density
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29 page

Rayleigh Density
October 18, 2016

30 page

Rayleigh Density
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31 page

Rician Density
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32 page

Rician Density
October 18, 2016

33 page

Rician Density
October 18, 2016

34 page

Rician Density
October 18, 2016

35 page

BERforNoncoherentlyDetectedBinaryOrthogonalFSK
October 18, 2016

36 page

BERforNoncoherentlyDetectedBinaryOrthogonalFSK
October 18, 2016

37 page

BER for Binary DPSK
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38 page

Prob. of Bit Error for Several Types of Binary Systems
October 18, 2016

39 page

BPSK and QPSK Have the Same BER
Eb
No
QPSK
S
2T
Eb
ST
2

No
No No
October 18, 2016

40 page
BPSK

Symbol Error Probability for MPSK
October 18, 2016

41 page

Symbol
Error Prob.
Vs SNR for
Coherent
FSK
October 18, 2016
42 page

Mapping
PE vs SNR into PE vs E b / N o for orthogonal signaling
October 18, 2016

43 page

Symbol
Error Prob.
Vs E b / N o
for
Coherent
FSK
October 18, 2016
44 page

Bit Error Probability versus Symbol Error Probability
For orthogonal M-ary signaling (M-FSK)
PB
2k 1
M 2
k
PE 2 1 M 1
PB 1
lim
k P
2
E
October 18, 2016

45 page

Bit Error Probability versus Symbol Error Probability
For M-PSK:
PE
PB
k
October 18, 2016

46 page
for PE 1


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Digital Communications

Block Diagram of a DCS

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

4.2 Digital Bandpass Modulation

Bandpass Modulation : The process of converting data signal to a

Where gT(t) is the baseband pulse shape with energy Eg

We assume here ( otherwise will be stated ) :

gT(t) is a rectangular pulse shape with unit energy

Gray coding is used for mapping bits to symbols;

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Digital Bandpass Modulations (contd)

One dimensional waveforms

Two dimensional waveforms

Amplitude Shift Keying ( ASK )

M-ary Phase Shift Keying ( M-PSK )

M-ary Frequency Shift Keying ( M-FSK)

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Bandpass Digital Modulations

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Coherent and Non-Coherent Detections

Requires carrier phase recovery at the receiver and, hence, needs

Source of carrier-phase mismatch at the receiver :

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Coherent and Non-Coherent Detections (contd)

Circuits such as Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) are implemented at the

Does not require carrier phase recovery (uses differentially encoded

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

One Dimensional Modulation, Demodulation

Amplitude Shift Keying ( ASK ) modulation :

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

One Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)

M-ary Pulse Amplitude modulation (M-PAM)

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

One Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)

Coherent detection of M-PAM

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Two Dimensional Modulation, Demodulation

M-ary Phase Shift Keying (M-PSK)

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Two Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Two Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)

Coherent detection of MPSK

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Two Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)

M-ary Quadrature Amplitude Mod. (M-QAM)

October 18, 2016

Signal Processing Lab., http://signal.korea.ac.kr

Two Dimensional mod.,.. (contd)