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FOUNDATION

INVERTED ARCH FOUNDATION :


The foundation consisting of inverted arches between the
piers is known as inverted arch foundation. In this type of
foundation, the load from the piers is transferred to the soil
by constructing arches in inverted position at their at their
base. The rise of the inverted arches is about one fifth to
one tenth of the span and they are usually build in halfbrick rings. The position of arches may be either along the
row of piers or across the row of piers in both the directions
depending upon the nature of soil and the type of land to be
taken by them.
METHOD OF CONSTRUCTION :
For constructing this type this type of foundation;
Excavation is done to the required depth.
The bottom of the excavation is leveled and compacted
Then the foundation concrete is laid to the required
thickness and finished according to the layout of the arches
to be constructed under the piers.
The arch rings, usually half brick thick, are then built in
cement mortar and piers are constructed.
The end piers should be designed and constructed to take
the outward thrust caused by arch action.
SUITABILITY :
This of foundation is not commonly used for buildings, but it
is quite suitable for other structures like bridges, reservoirs,
tanks, supports for drainage lines etc

Inverted Arch
Footing/Foundation is used
to be provided for multistoreyed buildings in olden
times.
One of the drawbacks in this
type of construction is that the
end piles have to be specially
strengthened by buttresses to
avoid the arch thrust tending
to rapture the pier junction.
However, the advantage of
inverted arch construction is
that in soft soils the depth of
foundation is greatly reduced

WALLING
RAT- TRAP BOND
This double-wall technique uses bricks on edge
with a cross brick between each and produces a 9inchthick wall with an insulating air cavity in
between.
The rat trap bond is laid by placing the bricks on
their sides having a cavity, with alternate course of
stretcher & headers. The headers & stretchers are
staggered in subsequent layers to give more
strength to the walls.

WALLING
RAT- TRAP BOND
Advantages
The overall saving on cost of
thiswall compared to the
traditional 9 wall is about 25
per cent
They provide approximately
10-20 per cent better thermal
insulation than solid brick work,
due to the air gap
As the construction is
appealing to the eye internally &
externally, plastering is not
necessary
By avoiding unnecessary
plastering,we can save up to 10
per cent of the brickwork cost.

Disadvantages
Trained masons are required
for this technique to avoid
wastage of mortar falling into
the gap.
In using concealed wiring and
plumbing if one brick is broken,
then more than one brick will
fall down.

WALLING
RAPID WALL
Rapid wall is a single panel walling
system that serves as both the
internal and external wall and
eliminates the need for bricks,
blocks, timber and steel wall
frames and plasterboard linings. It
is the most ecologically sound and
technologically advanced
building product available in the
world today. Rapid wall uses
natural gypsum or by-product,
chemical waste gypsum and turns
it into a glass-fibre gypsum plaster,
single panel or load bearing walling
system, roofing panels fencing etc.
All panels are up to 12 metres long
and 3 metres high. The panels are
cellular in form and 124 millimetres
thick.

Advantages
Prefabricated Rapid wall means
faster construction.
Speed of assembly reduces labour
costs.
For low-rise buildings a substantial
energy saving of approximately
66% can be made, compared
to timber frame and clay
brick construction.
High thermal efficiency, therefore
less recurring cost for
heating and cooling the building.

WALLING
Fly ash brick
Fly ash brick is a building material,
specifically masonry units, containing
class C fly ash and water. The raw
materials for fly ash brick are fly ash,
sand/stone dust, lime, gypsum and
cement. FAL-G bricks (fly ash lime
gypsum bricks) are a higher alternative
of fly ash bricks and are stronger
because of the gypsum content.
Standard brick sizes
are230x150x80mm,230x110x75 mm.
Advantages
Fly ash bricks are lighter than
clay bricks therefore reducing the dead
load on a building.
Due to high strength, practically
no breakage during transport
and use.
Costs 20% less than traditional
clay brick manufacturing.
It is fire resistant and structurally
strong and durable

ROOFING
FILLER SLAB
Lightweight, inexpensive materials such as low
grade mangalore tiles, bricks etc. are used as
filler materials in filler slabs to replace the
redundant concrete in tension zones. Hollow
concrete blocks, stabilized mud blocks/ hollow
mud blocks, clay pots, coconut shells etc. can
also be used as filler materials. These
materials are laid in the grids of steel
reinforcement rods (6mm or 8mm dia.), and
concreting is done over them. The concrete
mix used is 1:2:4. The grid size depends upon
the design,span, and the material used.

WALLING
Advantages of Filler Slab Technology
By adopting RCC filler slab construction
compared to a RCC solid (conventional) slab, in
case manglore tiles are used as a filler material,
saving of approximately 19% of the total
concrete and including the cost of filler material,
saving of around 5-10% of the concrete cost is
achieved.
Filler slab technology can also be applied to
mass housing projects and township projects to
gain cost saving and also saving in high energy
consuming materials.
Better thermal comfort can be achieved if
there is a cavity and air is trapped in the slab.
Filler materials like manglore tiles can be
installed in two layers entrapping air to increase
thermal insulation.
Filler slabs can be kept exposed (with proper

ARCHES & DOOR WINDOW

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