CONTRACEPTIVE METHOD

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Objectives
At the end of this session, participants will be able
to
define the definition of contraception
state the unmet need for contraception
list the key types of contraceptive methods
describe how contraceptive works
compare the effectiveness of contraceptive
methods
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Contraception
Definition: The intentional prevention of
conception by artificial or natural means
Contra + conception

Slide #3
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Remember

The total risk of birth

control are much less
than the total risks of
pregnancy
4

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Why not using contraceptive?

Misconceptions about pregnancy risk (dont think they
will get pregnant)
Health concerns about side effects
Lack of knowledge
Lack of access and high cost
Lack of empowerment for women to participate in
decision-making related to family planning use
Opposition to family planning (religious or other).

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Women are said to have an unmet need for

contraception if they:

Are sexually active

Are able to conceive
Do not want to have a child soon or at all
Are not using any contraceptive method.

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Improving contraceptive use

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Adequate information for clients

Trained health provider
Adequate and appropriate equipment and supplies
Service providers should be provided with guidelines
Service providers must be trained

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Contraception
There are many types of contraception
Each method has its advantages and suits
special cases and not necessarily suits others
and the choice of contraception depends on
different needs of the patients like the period of
contraception and also doctor should decide
which method suits needs more.
No method of contraception is completely
effective and failure rates for most reversible
methods are strongly influenced by compliance.

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What is the characteristics of ideal

contraceptive?

Safe
100% effective
Free of side effects
Easily obtainable
Affordable
Acceptable to the user and sexual
partner
Free of effects on future pregnancies

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Types of contraceptive
Traditional methods

Calendar method or rhythm method

Withdrawal (coitus interuptus)

Modern methods

IUCD
Male/female condoms
Male/female sterilization
LAM
Emergency contraception
Standard days method
BBT, , 2 day method, symptho
termal
COC, POP
Injectables
Patch and vaginal ring
10

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How contraceptives work

A. Methods that prevent sperm from
entering the female reproductive tract
Method
Abstinence
Barrier contraceptives
(condoms)

Cervical cap

Description
Refraining from vaginal intercourse.
Male condom: Latex or plastic sheath that
covers the penis.
Female condom: Pouch inserted into the
vagina.
Silicone cup covered with spermicide cream
or jelly inserted into the vagina.

Coitus interruptus (withdrawal The male removes his penis from the vagina
method)
prior to ejaculation.
Diaphragm

Shallow silicone cup inserted into the vagina.

Spermicide

Cream or jelly inserted deep in the vagina

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shortly before intercourse.

How contraceptives work

B. Methods that prevent viable sperm and oocytes
from joining
Method

Sterilization

Description
Vasectomy (males): The vas deferens is blocked to keep
sperm out of seminal fluid.
Tubal ligation (females): The fallopian tubes are blocked
to prevent eggs from reaching the uterus.

Fertility Awareness-Based Methods

(FAMs)

Tracking the womans fertility cycle and refraining from

vaginal intercourse or using another contraceptive
method around the time of ovulation. (Rhythm Method)

Intrauterine Devices (IUDs)

Copper IUD: Small, T-shaped plastic device inserted

into the uterus. Affects the way sperm move to prevent
them from joining with an egg.
Hormonal IUD: see next section.

Lactational amenorrhea method

(LAM)

Exclusively breastfeeding an infant less than six months

old as a means of temporary contraception
12 for new
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mothers.

How contraceptives work

C. Hormonal methods of contraception
Method

Description

Oral contraceptives

Combined oral contraceptives (COCs) or progestin-only pills are

taken orally once a day.

Hormonal IUD

A small, T-shaped plastic device that releases progestin is inserted

into the uterus.

Injection

Progestin is injected into the arm and each injection typically

prevents pregnancy for three months.

Implant

A thin, flexible plastic rod that releases progestin is inserted under

the skin of the upper arm and can prevent pregnancy for up to three
years.

Vaginal ring

A small ring that contains estrogen and progestin is inserted in the

vagina once a month for three weeks.

Dermal patch

A thin plastic patch sticks to the skin and releases estrogen and
progestin.
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14

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EFFECTIVENESS OF CONTRACEPTION
METHOD
Contraception
Method

Pregnancies per 100

women in the first 12
months of use
Used
Used as
correctly and
usual
consistently

Pregnancies per 100 women

in the first 12 months of use
Contraception Method

Used
correctly and Used as usual
consistently

Implant

0,05

0,05

Male Condom

Vasectomy

0,1

0,15

Ovulation Assessment
Method

LNG-IUD

0,2

0,2

Symptothermal Method

Tubectomy

0,5

0,5

Calendar Method

IUD Co T 380A

0,6

0,8

Diaphragm

16

0,9

Female Condom

21

0,05

Other natural method

0,3

Coitus interuptus

0 0,3
- 0,9
Very effective
0,3

0,3

Amenorrhea
Lactation
Method (6
month)
Combined
Injection once a
month
Progestin
Injection
Combined Pil
Progestin Pil
Combined Patch

1 - 9Spermicide 10 - 25
Quite effective
8 Effective
Cervical Cap
Not using any
contraception
HOME method

15

25
4

27

26
18 - 32
29
Less
26 Effective
;9
32 ; 16
85

Slide
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85 #15

Effectiveness of method
Contraceptive choice is in part dependent on the
effectiveness of the contraceptive method in
preventing unplanned pregnancy, which, in turn, is
dependent for some methods not only on the
protection afforded by the method itself, but also on
how consistently and correctly it is used
Methods that depend on consistent and correct use
by clients have a wide range of effectiveness.
Most men and women tend to be more effective
users as they become more experienced with a
method.
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The four cornerstones of family planning

guidance
Medical eligibility
Medical
criteriaeligibility
for
criteria
contraceptivefor
use
contraceptive use

Selected practice
practice
forSelected
recomendations
for contraceptive
recomendations
for
for contraceptive
use
use

Handbook for family

Handbook
planning for
andfamily
planning
providersand
providers

Decision making
Decision
making
tool for family
tool for
family
planning
client
and
planning
client
provider and
provider

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