Industrial Automation

1.5 Arsitektur Sistem Kendali

1.5 Control System Architecture

1 Introduction
1.1 Otomasi dan Kepentingannya
1.2 Penggunaan Otomasi
1.3 Plants and controls
1.3.1

Open loop and closed loop control

1.3.2

Continuous process

1.3.3

Discrete process

1.3.3

Dual plants

1.4 Hirarki Otomasi

1.5 Arsitektur Sistem Kontrol

Otomasi Industri

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 2

Prinsip

Sistem kontrol adalah sistem komunikasi yang terdiri dari

kontroller dan sambungan-sambungan (links).
Struktur dari sistem kontrol sebaiknya menunjukkan struktur
dari plant.
Idealnya, setiap unit plant sebaiknya mempunyai kontrollernya
sendiri, berinteraksi dengan kontroller dari yang lainnya, unit-unit
yang berhubungan, mencerminkan interaksinya secara fisik.
Contoh: Airbus: sayapnya mempunyai komputer sendiri.

Otomasi Industri

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 3

Contoh: Power plant control - 1980 (!)

Control systems still look similar

Otomasi Industri

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 4

Buses dan processors dalam plant di industri

instrument bus
(mimic board)
disk

Process pictures

open network, WAN

Operator panel
Mimic board

Process Data Base

workstation bus
station

station

Logging

plant network (500m .. 3 km) includes control network

processor pool

I/O MEM I/O

PLC nodes
(multi-processors)

P
node bus

MEM BC

directly coupled
input/
output

fieldbus (30m..2 km)

control
stations

backplane bus
sensor bus

sensor bus (0,5.. 30 m)

transducers

valve

Otomasi Industri

thermo-couple

position

plant (Werk, usine)

motor

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 5

Plant dengan proses (e.g. chemical) dan bagian kelistrikannya (substation)

Engineering

Workplaces

plant network

IEC 61850
connectivity server

CN Connectivity
Server (and router)

Aspect Servers

process network

substation network

horizontal communication

PB
PI

PN
PI

PB
PI

PN
PI
Engineering

PN
PI

PB
PI

PN
PI

PB
PI

PN
PI

Profibus

Otomasi Industri

horizontal communication

interface

controller
CI871

PB
PI

vertical
communication

Profinet RSTP

Engineering

LANs are
separate:
there is no
IP routing
between
them

SAN IEDs

PI
PI
PI

PI = Process Interface
MU = Merging Unit

MU
PI
MU
PI

bay bus

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 7

Contoh: Newspaper Printing Architecture

MPS =
Managed
Print Services

Each level has its own bus !

Otomasi Industri

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 8

Contoh: ABB Industrial IT (redundant system)

Plant Network / Intranet

Workplaces
(clients)

Enterprise
Optimization
(clients)

3rd party
application
server

Firewall

Mobile
Operator

Plant Network (Ethernet)

connectivity
server

aspect
server

Control Network (Ethernet)

Serial or
fieldbus
Field Bus
3rd party
controllers,
servers etc

Otomasi Industri

application
server

Programmable
Logic Controller
AC 800C

Redundant
AC 800M

engineering
workplace

touch-screen

Field Bus

sensor network

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 9

Centralized (Hierarchical) Control Architecture

Central Computer
(Mainframe)

Group

Group

Group

Control

Control

Control

Sensors, Actors

PLCs

plant

Classical, hierarchical, centralized architecture.

The central computer only monitors and forwards commands to the PLCs

Otomasi Industri

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 13

Decentralized Control System (DCS)

hierarchical
(vertical communication)

engineering
workstation

operator
workstation

data logger

peer-to-peer (horizontal communication)

plant bus
controller

controller

controller

controller

field bus

plant
all controllers can communicate as peers (without going through a central master),
restricted only by throughput and modularity considerations.

Otomasi Industri

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 14

Assessment

1. What is a bus and why do we have more than one of them

in a plant?
2. Name the parts of a typical hierarchical control system its
busses and controllers
3. How does the network hierarchy relate to the plant control
hierarchy?
4. What is the difference between a centralized and a
decentralized control system ?
Can this difference be seen from the outside ?
What are the (dis)advantages of the two approaches?

Otomasi Industri

Hirarki Sistem Kendali 1.5 - 15