Charles Jenks Radical H

POSTMODERNISM
Part II
LECTURE 10
Image Source: http://www.statelykitsch.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/MH-sketch.jpg [Online]
History of Architecture-II (AP-313)
History of Architecture - II (AP-313)

Postmodernism
Nipesh
P Narayanan
HOW IS ARCHITECTURE PERCEIVED?
History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism
THE MODES OF ARCHITECTURAL COMMUNICATION
~CHARLES JENCKS
Metaphor
Culture based common symbols
Appropriation of symbols
Words
Architectural elements doors, windows, columns
Syntax
Grammar (System)
Semantics
Appropriate usage of symbols/words (Meaning)
Image Source: The Language of Post-Modern Architecture ~Charles Jencks [pg 48-49]
METAPHOR
Ronchamp Chapel, France, Le Corbusier, 1955
Image Source: The Language of Post-Modern Architecture ~Charles Jencks [pg 48-49]
METAPHOR
Ronchamp Chapel, France, Le Corbusier, 1955
Image Source: http://spectralhues.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/India-Gate.jpg
WORDS AND SYNTAX
India Gate, New Delhi
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VVenturi_House_Highsmith.jpeg [Online]
SEMANTICS
Vanna Venturi House, Philadelphia, Robert Venturi, 1959-64
(Ar. Minoru Yamasaki)
Modern Architecture died in St. Louis, Missouri on July

15, 1972 at 3:32 PM (or thereabouts) when the infamous Pruitt-Igoe scheme, or rather several of its slab
blocks, were given the final coup de grce by dynamite.
~ Charles Jencks (1987)
Image Source: http://www.pruitt-igoe.com/press/print/3000px_IconicImplosion_PruittIgoeMyth_Credit-STL-Post-Dispatch.jpg [Online]
DEATH OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE!
1954 -THE SEVEN CRUTCHES OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ~Philip Johnson
1. History
2. Pretty Drawings
3. Utility (Usefulness)
They say a building is good architecture if it works. Of course,
this is poppy-cock. All buildings work..merely that a building
works is not sufficient. You expect that it works.But when its
used as a crutch it impedes. It lulls you into thinking that that is
architecture
4.
5.
6.
7.
Comfort
Cheapness
Serving the Client
Structure
Why not realize that architecture is the sum of inescapable

artistic decisions that YOU have to make
[Johnsons] first, tentative break with Mies was the Synagogue.

outside a startling simplification recalling of those of Ledoux, on the
inside memories of the Soane Museum. These historical quotes are
located within a black picture-frame of Meiesian steel.. ~ C Jencks
Image Source: http://blog.tobiaspartners.com/wp-content/uploads/Kneses-Tifereth-Israel-Synagogue-PortChester-NY-1956.jpg [ONLINE]
1956 -THE SYNAGOGUES IN PORT CHESTER ~Philip Johnson
Image Source: http://observatory.designobserver.com/media/images/IMG_4913_2_525_525.jpg [ONLINE]
1956 -THE SYNAGOGUES IN PORT CHESTER ~Philip Johnson
Image Source: http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/63512/942422/Museo-Magazine-Venturi-ScottBrown-North-Penn-Visiting-Nurses-Association-1963_800.jpg [ONLINE]
THE MOULDINGS AND TRADITIONAL SYMBOLS
Robert Venturi, Headquarter Building, North

Penn Visiting Nurses Association, 1960
WHY THE MOULDINGS AND TRADITIONAL SYMBOLS?
Image Source: http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/63512/942422/Museo-Magazine-Venturi-ScottBrown-North-Penn-Visiting-Nurses-Association-1963_800.jpg [ONLINE]
WHERE IS THE ENTRANCE?
Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/VillaSavoye.jpg [ONLINE]
WHERE IS THE ENTRANCE?
Less is More
~ Mies Van Der Rohe

Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Barcelona_Pavilion,_Barcelona,_2010.jpg [ONLINE]
Barcelona, 1929
THE ORNAMENT DISCUSSION
Mies is such a genius! But I grew old! And bored! My direction

is clear; eclectic tradition. This is not academic revivalism.
There are no Classic orders or Gothic finials. I try to pick up
what I like throughout history. We cannot not know history
~ Philip Johnson (1965)
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Barcelona_Pavilion,_Barcelona,_2010.jpg [ONLINE]
AT&T Building, NY, 1984
THE ORNAMENT DISCUSSION
Duck
Meaning Conveyed by
Architectural Symbols
Decorated Shell
Meaning conveyed by
Signage
1966
Image Source: http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41EEGFY1QRL._SL500_AA300_.jpg [Online]
DUCK AND DECORATED SHELL!
Image Source: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/9kfkmTgtXWo/TtmCPtKqsvI/AAAAAAAACZg/3TuGFYBa000/s1600/tailopup.jpg [Online]
DUCK OR DECORATED SHELL?
Image Source: http://travelphotobase.com/i/USNV/NVV2703.JPG [Online]
Image Source: http://www.dezeen.com/2013/11/05/nesher-memorial-auditorium-and-gallery-by-soarchitecture/ [Online]
COMPLEXITY AND CONTRADICTION IN ARCHITECTURE
~ R Venturi (1966)
Visual preferences in opposition to modernism
Complexity and contradiction VS

Simplification
Ambiguity and tension rather than

straightforwardness
both-and rather than either-or
Hybrid rather than pure elements
Messy vitality rather than obvious unity

FRANKLIN COURT
Philadelphia, Robert Venturi, 1972-76
Image Source: http://www.uwishunu.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/08/BF-Museum-BF-Itinerary680uw.jpg [Online]
FRANKLIN COURT
Philadelphia, Robert Venturi, 1972-76
JENCKS AND THE READING OF POST-MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Straight Revivalism
Neo-Vernacular
Metaphor and Metaphysics
Radical Eclecticism
Post-Modern Classicism
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gurna_Mosque_R01.jpg [Online]
STRAIGHT REVIVALISM
Mosque, Luxor, Egypt, Hassan Fathy (1948)
Image Source: http://www.architectureguide.nl/media/large/d5/B08PR.jpg [Online]
NEO VERNACULAR
Amsterdam Zwolle Housing, Aldo Van Eyck and Theo Bosch, 1975-77
Image Source: AUTHOR
METAPHOR & METAPHYSICS
Amdavad ni Gufa, B V Doshi, 1992-95
AT&T Building, Philip Johnson, NY, 1984
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sony_Building_by_David_Shankbone_crop.jpg [Online]
RADICAL ECLECTICISM
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PiazzaDItalia1990.jpg [Online]
POST-MODERN CLASSICISM
Piazza DItalia, New Orleans, 1978
JENCKS AND THE READING OF POST-MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Straight Revivalism
Neo-Vernacular
------------------------------------Critical Regionalism
POST-MODERN SPACE
Post-Modern space is historically specific, rooted in
conventions, unlimited or ambiguous in zoning and irrational
or transformational in its relation of parts to whole.
skew or distorted spaces, created by sharp angles which

exaggerate perspective.
always keep a mental coordinate system no matter how

free-form and baroque they become. The reference plane is
always an implied frontality, and the route through the
building or the curvilinear elements then relate to this
conceptual cage
~ Charles Jencks (1987)
Vanna Venturi House, Philadelphia, Robert Venturi, 1959-64

Image Source: http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/63512/942422/Museo-Magazine-Venturi-ScottBrown-Vanna-Venturi-House-(interior)-1964_800.jpg [Online]
POST-MODERN SPACE
Image Source: http://house6.s-trefois.be/data/textes/eisenman/images/eisenman/HouseIII4.jpg

[Online]
POST-MODERN SPACE
House 3, Minnesota , Peter Eisenman, 1971
Westchester House , NY, Robert Stern, 1974-76
Image Source: http://www.abbeville.com/images-catalog/full-size/0789208180.interior01.jpg [Online]
POST-MODERN SPACE
Faculty Club, California, Charles Moore & William Turnbill, 1969
Image Source: http://www.arthistory.ucr.edu/people/faculty/morton/images/FacultyClub.jpg [Online]
POST-MODERN SPACE
Pennsylvania, 2007
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Pittsburgh-pennsylvania-ppg-place-2007.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT PHILIP JOHNSON - PPG PLACE
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Johnson_building_bpl.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT PHILIP JOHNSON - THE JOHNSON BUILDING
Massachusetts, 2008
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Clore_Gallery_London_Dec07.JPG [Online]
ARCHITECT JAMES STIRLING- CLORE GALLERY
London, 1980-87
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1_Poultry.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT JAMES STIRLING- NO 1 POULTRY
London, 1997
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PiazzaDItalia1990.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT CHARLES MOORE - PIAZZA D'ITALIA
Piazza DItalia, New Orleans, 1978
Image Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgibin/gbi.cgi/UCSB_Faculty_Club.html/cid_20060410_kmm_img_2627.html [Online]
ARCHITECT CHARLES MOORE FACULTY CLUB
California, Charles Moore & William Turnbill, 1969
Image Source: http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgibin/gbi.cgi/UCSB_Faculty_Club.html/cid_20060410_kmm_img_2638.html [Online]
ARCHITECT CHARLES MOORE FACULTY CLUB
California, Charles Moore & William Turnbill, 1969
Le Grand Louvre, Paris , 1988
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Louvre_Museum_Wikimedia_Commons.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT I M PEI LE GRAND LOUVRE
Image Source: http://www.shumei.org/spirituality/tour/images/tower.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT I M PEI BELL TOWER
Kyoto, Japan , 1997
SF, 1995
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:San_Francisco_Museum_of_Modern_Art_in_2011.jpg
[Online]
ARCHITECT MARIO BOTTA SF-MOMA
Wellfleet, Massachusetts, 1977

Image Source: http://media.vam.ac.uk/media/website/versions/uploads/new_images/postmodernismblog-garagia_small_610x915.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT CHARLES JENCKS GARAGIA ROTUNDA
Image Source: http://liberalirionist.files.wordpress.com/2011/12/garagia-rotunda.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT CHARLES JENCKS GARAGIA ROTUNDA
Wellfleet, Massachusetts, 1977
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Portland_Building_1982.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT MICHAEL GRAVES PORTLAND BUILDING
Portland, 1982
Image Source: http://zakuski.utsa.edu/krier/BUILDINGS/poundburystreet.350.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT LON KRIER NEW TOWN OF POUNDBURY
New Urbanism, England, 1980s
RATIONALISM
Modena, Italy, 1984
Image Source: http://www.archdaily.com/95400/ad-classics-san-cataldo-cemetery-aldo-rossi/sancat1/

[Online]
ARCHITECT ALDO ROSSI SAN CATALDO CEMETERY NEO
RATIONALISM
Modena, Italy, 1984
Image Source: http://www.archdaily.com/95400/ad-classics-san-cataldo-cemetery-aldo-rossi/sancat2/

[Online]
ARCHITECT ALDO ROSSI SAN CATALDO CEMETERY NEO
Image Source: http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2273/2476304044_0377c0033c.jpg?v=0 [Online]
ARCHITECT ROB KRIER RITTERSTRASSE APARTMENTS
Berlin, 1978
CHAPEL
Pennsylvania, 2010
Image Source: http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/63512/942422/Museo-Magazine-Venturi-ScottBrown-Episcopal-Academy-Chapel-2008_800.jpg [Online]
ARCHITECT ROBERT VENTURI + DENISE SCOTT BROWN
ARCHITECT ROBERT VENTURI + DENISE SCOTT BROWN
Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Espicopal_Acad_int.JPG [Online]
CHAPEL
Pennsylvania, 2010
POST-MODERN ARCHITECTS AND THE URBAN CONCERNS
POST-MODERN ARCHITECTS AND THE URBAN CONCERNS
Social Modernity and Modernism

The unrealised dream
Post-Modern response to the Public

Expression, Ornament, Wit
Urban Outburst and the fall of Modernisms

promise
Complexity as opposed to modernisms standardization
Urban as the new Laboratory

Rem Koolhaas in Lagos
Rob Krier - Town Spaces. Contemporary Interpretations
in Traditional Urbanism
Aldo Rossi - The architecture
of the city
13 PROPOSITIONS OF POST-MODERN ARCHITECTURE, JENCKS
1. Multivalence is preferred to univalence,

imagination to fancy.
2. Complexity and Contraction over
Minimalism
3. Chaos Theory explain nature than liner
dynamics.
4. Memory and History are inevitable
1996
5. All architecture is invented and perceived

through codes, hence the languages of
architecture and symbolic architecture, hence
the double-coding of architecture within the
codes of both the professional and populace.
1996
6. All codes are influenced by a semiotic

community and various taste cultures, hence the
need in pluralist culture for a design based
on Radical Eclecticism.
1996
7. Architecture is a public language, hence the

need for a Post-Modern Classicism which is partly
based on architectural universals and changing
technology.
1996
8. Architecture necessitates ornament (or

patterns) which should be symbolic and
symphonic, hence relevance of information
theory.
1996
9. Architecture necessitates metaphor and this

should relate us to natural and cultural concerns,
hence the explosion of zoomorphic imagery, face
houses and scientific iconography instead of
machine for living.
1996
10. Architecture must form the city ,

hence Contexualism, collage City, Neo
Rationalism, small-block planning, and
mixed uses and ages of buildings.
1996
11. Architecture must crystallise social reality

and in global city today, the Heteropolis, the very
much means the pluralism of ethnic groups;
hence participatory design and adhocism.
1996
12. Architecture must confront the ecological

reality and that means sustainable
development, Green architecture and cosmic
symbolism.
1996
13. We live in a surprising, creative, self-organising

universe which still gets locked-into various
solutions; hence the need for a cosmogenic
architecture which celebrates criticism,
process and humour.
1996
A work can become modern only if it is first

postmodern. Postmodernism thus understood is not
modernism at its end but in the nascent state, and this
state is constant
~ Jean Franois (1979), The Postmodern Condition
REFERENCE
Charles Jencks. 1977. The Language of Post-Modern

Architecture. Academy Editions. ISBN 0856709336
Robert Venturi. 1966. Complexity and Contradiction in
Architecture. "The Museum of Modern Art, New York"; 2nd
edition (July 2, 2002). ISBN 0870702823

Charles Jenks Radical H

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POSTMODERNISM

Image Source: http://www.statelykitsch.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/MH-sketch.jpg [Online]

History of Architecture-II (AP-313)

History of Architecture - II (AP-313)

HOW IS ARCHITECTURE PERCEIVED?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

THE MODES OF ARCHITECTURAL COMMUNICATION

Ronchamp Chapel, France, Le Corbusier, 1955

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Ronchamp Chapel, France, Le Corbusier, 1955

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://spectralhues.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/12/India-Gate.jpg

WORDS AND SYNTAX

India Gate, New Delhi

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:VVenturi_House_Highsmith.jpeg [Online]

Vanna Venturi House, Philadelphia, Robert Venturi, 1959-64

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

(Ar. Minoru Yamasaki)

Modern Architecture died in St. Louis, Missouri on July

Image Source: http://www.pruitt-igoe.com/press/print/3000px_IconicImplosion_PruittIgoeMyth_Credit-STL-Post-Dispatch.jpg [Online]

DEATH OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE!

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

1954 -THE SEVEN CRUTCHES OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE ~Philip Johnson

Why not realize that architecture is the sum of inescapable

[Johnsons] first, tentative break with Mies was the Synagogue.

Image Source: http://blog.tobiaspartners.com/wp-content/uploads/Kneses-Tifereth-Israel-Synagogue-PortChester-NY-1956.jpg [ONLINE]

1956 -THE SYNAGOGUES IN PORT CHESTER ~Philip Johnson

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://observatory.designobserver.com/media/images/IMG_4913_2_525_525.jpg [ONLINE]

1956 -THE SYNAGOGUES IN PORT CHESTER ~Philip Johnson

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/63512/942422/Museo-Magazine-Venturi-ScottBrown-North-Penn-Visiting-Nurses-Association-1963_800.jpg [ONLINE]

THE MOULDINGS AND TRADITIONAL SYMBOLS

Robert Venturi, Headquarter Building, North

WHY THE MOULDINGS AND TRADITIONAL SYMBOLS?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://payload.cargocollective.com/1/1/63512/942422/Museo-Magazine-Venturi-ScottBrown-North-Penn-Visiting-Nurses-Association-1963_800.jpg [ONLINE]

WHERE IS THE ENTRANCE?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/3c/VillaSavoye.jpg [ONLINE]

WHERE IS THE ENTRANCE?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

~ Mies Van Der Rohe

THE ORNAMENT DISCUSSION

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Mies is such a genius! But I grew old! And bored! My direction

Image Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Barcelona_Pavilion,_Barcelona,_2010.jpg [ONLINE]

AT&T Building, NY, 1984

THE ORNAMENT DISCUSSION

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/41EEGFY1QRL._SL500_AA300_.jpg [Online]

DUCK AND DECORATED SHELL!

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://4.bp.blogspot.com/9kfkmTgtXWo/TtmCPtKqsvI/AAAAAAAACZg/3TuGFYBa000/s1600/tailopup.jpg [Online]

DUCK OR DECORATED SHELL?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://travelphotobase.com/i/USNV/NVV2703.JPG [Online]

DUCK OR DECORATED SHELL?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism

Image Source: http://www.dezeen.com/2013/11/05/nesher-memorial-auditorium-and-gallery-by-soarchitecture/ [Online]

DUCK OR DECORATED SHELL?

History of Architecture - II (AP-313) Postmodernism