PILING

Building

structure that receive load and

spread the load to the soil underground
Most important element in building
structure
Can be obtainable in various form and size.

Type

of piling depends on
Soils conditions
Design loads
Site requirements

PILING
Piles

are available in various sizes; 3m,

6m, 9m and 12m
If a length of 3m, 6m, 9m, or 12m pile is
not enough to support the load of building,
another 3m, 6m, 9m, or 12m pile will be
joint to the first pile and continuously until
its strong enough to support the load of
building. This is called as extension pile.
Or so, the first pile or we called it as
starter pile will be driving in until it cant
be driven in anymore.

PILING
Reinforced

concrete piles normally in

retangular shape and Timber piles in
circular shape.
Source of supply:
can be obtain direct from manufacturer
cast on site
Forms:
one pile point in pile cap-singular
more than 1 pile group

Single pile

Vertical and raked pile

Pile groups

Piled walls

PILING

Classification of pile according to type of

materials used :
timber
steel
concrete
composite piles

 Piles

have to be driving into the

ground by using piling machine.
The usage of types of piling machine
is depending on the type of piles
used, different types of piling
machine may affect the procedure of
pile driving too. Location of site affect
the usage of type of piling machine
too, because some of the piling
machines make noisy voice and it
may affect the nearby resident.

Element: Piling works

(Sect E: Piling and Diaphragm Wall)

Pre-formed/precast
concrete piles timber piles
and steel piles

Examples of Taking Of List (TOL)

Items

Units

Bringing in and removing plant

Item

Maintaining plant on site

Item

Supply of initial piles

No

Supply of extension piles

<3.00m long

Supply of extension piles >

3.00m long

Driven depth

Pile extension

No

Cut Off piles

No

Prepare piles head

No

Load test

Item

Firstly, clarify the location that the piling

machine has to be moved to. After that, the
piling machine will be moving in to the location
in site. The piling machine will be set on place.

Measurement principles:
E.4.(a) ~ Plant
The following items shall be given separately
for each type of pile identified in accordance
with clause E.5.1:

An item shall be given for bringing to

site and removing from site all plant
required for this section of work.

E.4.(b) ~ Plant
An item shall be given for
maintaining on site all plant
required for this section of the work

After bringing in the

piling machine, first pile
or starter pile or initial
pile will be ready to
drive in to the ground
by following the pile
point that shown in the
construction drawing.
The initial pile will be
driven in to the ground
until maximum or cant
be driving in anymore.

Measurement principles:
For piles other than cast-in-place
concrete and interlocking steel piles,
items shall be given for:
The total number of piles stating the
specified length. The size and weight of
heads and shoes shall be stated in the
description (E.5.3.a).
The total driven depth given in
metres (m) (E.5.3.b).

If initial pile has been fully driving in to the ground, the

second pile or extension pile will be jointing to the initial
pile and drive again. The extension pile will be driving into
the ground until maximum as the initial pile.

Measurement principles:
In the case of pile extensions, items shall be given in
number for :
E.5.7.a. The total number of pile extensions.
E.5.7.b. The total length of pile extensions given in
metres classified into the following ranges of pile
length:
Not exceeding 3.00m
exceeding 3.00m

Lets say the 6 metres extension pile has

been driving in to the round 3 metres depth
only and cant be driving in anymore. The
excessive of 3 metres extension pile will be
cutting off.

Measurement principles:
The following shall be enumerated (no) :
E.5.9a Cutting off tops of isolated piles
to required levels which shall be deemed
to include provision and backfilling of
any working space required.

Cutting-off Pile Head

Cutting-off Pile Head

After cutting off the excessive pile,

excavate the soil surrounding of the pile
for preparation of pile cap.

Measurement principles:
The following shall be enumerated:
(E.5.9b)Preparing concrete pile heads
and reinforcement for capping.

Preparation of Pile
Cap

Preparation of Pile
Cap

The purpose of load test is to test the strength

of the pile.
A certain load will be put on the pile for a
certain period.
If the concrete pile is crack, it means the
concrete pile is failed to support the load. If the
concrete pile left for certain days without any
crack, it means the concrete pile is strong
enough to carry the load of the building.
Normally load test will be carried on before
driving the pile to the ground. If the load test for
the concrete pile is failed, then the contractor
has to supply another batch of concrete piles.

Measurement principles:
[E.7 Tests] Items shall be given for tests
of piles stating the details. Provision and
maintenance of all necessary equipment,
instruments and record keeping shall be
deemed to be included.

SCHEDULE OF PILE CAPS

GRIDLINES

P1

P2

A/1-9

A1/1-9

B/1-9

TOTAL

P3

P4

P5

12