*Gettysburg*

Lee decides to take the offensive

Marches to Pennsylvania
Meade chases Lee keeping himself between
Confederates and Washington D.C.
Both armies collide at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania

 J.E.B. Stuart had went off raiding the north and

left Lee blind as to the Union Armys location
Lees army stumbles into battle against the
Union armys scouts

Day 1

 With re-enforcements, Lee drives the

North back to the other side of the city
That night the Union digs in on the high
ground / hills on the south side of the city

Day 1

Day 2

Lee attempts to attack both Flanks of Union

army to dislodge them off of the high ground

Day 2

Joshua Chamberlain courageously holds his ground

on Little Round Top and saves the Union army from
complete collapse

Know His Story!!!

Chamberlains Actions

His heroic charge saved the Union

Army from losing at Gettysburg, which
saved the United States from losing the
war, which preserved us as one United

Day 3

Lee makes a fatal decision to attack the middle of the

Union Army; head on

Day 3

Union army is on a hill; behind a stone wall; with an

open field a mile long in between the two armies

Sound familiar?

Picketts Charge

Would be called: Picketts Charge

Formed a line a mile long of 12,500 men
Confederates were under massive artillery barrage
and cut to pieces
Over 50% casualties sustained
High Water Mark (confederacy)

Results of Gettysburg

50,000 casualties total

Lee lost so much he could never launch a massive
attack again

Confederates retreat to Virginia

Results of Gettysburg

Meade fired because he failed to pursue and

finish off Lees Army

Turning Point of the War

Gettysburg Address

Influence of Gettysburg Address

Lincoln in 10 sentences emphasized the bravery of the

men who fought there
Stressed the resolve that this Nation conceived and
dedicated to Liberty would never fail

Brought hope to the North

Union General Headcount!

Union:
1. Winfield Scott
2. Scott McDowell
3. George McClellan
4. John Pope
5. George McClellan
6. Ambrose Burnside
7. Joe Hooker
8. George Meade
9. Ulysses Grant
_______________________

War in the West

2 major
campaigns
1. Division of the
Mississippi
River
2. Kentucky
Tennessee
Campaign

War in the West

Souths Greatest Generals (Lee & Jackson)
fought in the Eastern Theater; the Norths
Greatest Generals (Grant & Sherman) rose to
fame in the Western Theaters
Both Theaters were very bloody

Miss. River Campaign

Reasons:
Anaconda Plan?
1. Split Confederacy in
two
2. Provide Northern
Farmers with
transport for their
goods

Union Advantages

1. Fleet of Gunboats: ironclad warships

2. General Ulysses S. Grant

Fort McHenry and Fort

Donelson
Quickly took McHenry;
Captured Donelson
after a siege;
unconditional
surrender
U.S. Grant earns a
nickname

Shiloh
Two day Battle; day one Grant is surprise
attacked by Confederate General: Albert
Sidney Johnston
Union forces retreat disorganized
Re-enforcements arrive at night
Day 2 Grant attacks and pushes
Confederates back
Heavy losses on both sides

Shiloh Results
Technically a Union victory
But Grant is butchered in the
newspapers for his heavy losses
Lincoln: I cant spare this man,
he fights!

New Orleans
April 25, 1862; David
Farragut led a fleet to
Gulf of Mexico and
captured City of New
Orleans
Largest city in South;
Most important Port City

Vicksburg

Most defensible Fort on the Mississippi River

On high cliff; land surrounded by swamp

Last Confederate Stronghold on River

Grants Strategy

Grant surrounded Fort and Sieged

Vicksburg

Grants Strategy
Vicksburgs starving
July 4th 1863 Surrender!
Grant Wins; Union controls the Mississippi
River

Kentucky Tennessee
Campaign

Border State - Neutral

Union dispelled
Confederates from
Kentucky early in the
war
Confederate General:
Braxton Bragg

Battle of Perryville
Bragg invades Kentucky and fights Union
General Don Buell
Buells overwhelming numbers force Bragg
to retreat
Kentucky never again threatened by South

Battle of
Chickamauga
Union invading from Tennessee and headed to
Georgia
River of Death
Bragg takes a stand and receives 12,000 reenforcements from Virginia
Union Army is decimated
Retreats to Chattanooga and is being Surrounded

Battle of Chattanooga
Climax of the West
Grant rewarded
and made head of
Western Theater
Grant brings
soldiers from
Vicksburg to
Chattanooga

Strategy - oops?
Grant breaks siege and attacks Confederate
Army at lookout mountain
His attacks on the flanks fail
Wants a diversion up the middle
His troops dont stop and
They over run the Southerners and win the

Results!
Braxton Bragg is replaced by Joseph J.
Johnston
Georgia is open to Invasion by North
(Union)
Lincoln Promotes Grant as head of all Union
Armies in the entire War (Leaves for D.C.)

The Home Front

Life behind the Lines of
Battle

Confederacy

Most fighting took place in the South; Hardest on

Southerners
South had little Gold / Silver; Paper money worth
nothing

End of 1864; money 1/40th of its face value

Blockade Shortage of Goods

Blockade Runners

England honored the blockade

Union
Vastly Better than South
Some Inflation / Shortages due to War
Most people enjoyed great Prosperity
Farms + Machinery = $$$
Factories producing Cannon / Guns for
Army

Emancipation Proclamation

January 1, 1863 Lincoln

All Slaves in the South are Free
1. Keep Britain from supporting South
2. Encourage blacks to join war with the
Union

Road to Appomattox

Grant Vs. Lee

Wilderness Campaign
Month long series of small battles; some of
the costliest and most desperate battles of
the entire war

Road to Appomattox

Unlike previous Generals, Grant wouldnt retreat or

re-group. Just reform and keep the pressure on Lee
Union can replace troops, Lee only loses them!

Battle of Cold Harbor

Showed Grants willingness to inflict damage on
Lee
At the end of one month, Grant lost more soldiers
in battle than Lee had in his entire army Why
would Grant willingly suffer such high casualties?
Union can replace their troops, Lee only loses
them!

War in Georgia

William Tecumseh Sherman

1. Goals: destroy Joseph Johnstons army
2. Capture Atlanta
3. Impede Confederate ability to wage war

Battle of Atlanta
Forced South back
until eventually
Johnston is
replaced with
General John Hood
Hood attacked
Sherman and lost
Sherman takes

Atlanta Burning

Sherman famously burns Atlanta to the ground.

Ending its ability to produce war materials

March to the Sea

Sherman would march
his army 300 miles
without supplies to
Savannah
1. Destroy food, animals,
supplies
2. Embarrass South by
showing it couldnt
stop him

Results
Shermans march left Georgia devastated
50-60 Miles wide, 300 Miles long of
damage
$100,000,000 of destroyed property
Shermans name was hated in the South

Election of 1864
Sherman takes
Atlanta, then
Savannah
Lincoln wins a huge
Victory!
78% of soldiers voted
for Lincoln to finish

VI. 1864 - 1865

Civil War: 1861-1865

Collapse of the
Confederacy

Lee holding on to Petersburg, VA

Rail lines that led into Richmond, VA (Capitol)
Grant laying siege to Lees army for months
Sherman turns North into the Carolinas

Richmond Falls

Lee knows hes about to be pushed back

Helps Confederate Government escape

Only chance is to escape Grant and join his army with
Joseph Johnstons in North Carolina

Appomattox Courthouse

Grant successfully cuts off Lees chances of

escaping with his army South
Lee is forced to meet Grant to discuss Surrender
Grant offers generous terms

Appomattox Cont.

Lay down your weapons and never pick them up against

the Union again

Go Home with Honor

The war is over, The Rebels are our Countrymen again.

A Bitter Harvest

More American soldiers died in the Civil

War than all other wars this country has
fought in
COMBINED all together!
650,000 men died in combat

Lincoln Assassinated

April 14, 1865

John Wilkes Booth, Actor

Shoots Lincoln at the Ford theater

Lincoln dies a few days later

Lincolns Future
Lincoln wanted a Peaceful Reconstruction of
the South
Now without him, Reconstruction would be
rough and unfair
The South was filled with destruction,
widows, and orphans The only thing they
had was their pride

The End!
~ American Civil War ~