AV-241

ELECTRONICS-I
Lecture No 1

INTRODUCTION TO SUBJECT
Text Book: Microelectronics by Sidra
and Smith
Credit Hours: 3-1/2
Instructor: Wg Cdr Muhammad Ajmal
Class: 74(B) EC
Number of Slides: 22
Avionics Engineering Department

OBJECTIVES
Over view of the course
Course Breakdown
Grading policy

INTRODUCTION
First Course in the sequel of two courses on
Electronics
Course Credits 3-1/2
Text Book Microelectronic Circuits by Adel S.
Sidra and Kenneth C. Smith
Reference Books: Electronic circuits Discrete and Integrated by
Schilling and Belove
Electronic Devices by Thomas Floyd

Grading Policy

Surprise Quizzes
Assignments
Labs
One Hour Test 04
End Semester Exams

(10-15 %)
(5-10 %)
(10 -15 %)
(30 40%)
(35 40%)

Make sure you have text book and read it regularly .

Please attend all classes to avoid trouble at the end of
the course and gain maximum benefit

Remember learning is the prime aim of

the course and grades will follow
automatically

Class Policies
Student coming after the start of the class will be marked
absent.
All students are to be seated quietly by start time of class
Students are to remain available in class during problem
solving class
Students absent during quizzes will get zero OR minimum
of the class average / students own average.
Make up OHTs will be conducted within seven days from
the actual test date & after that student will be awarded
zero.
5% deduction of marks per day for late submission of
assignments / Lab reports and after one week
assignments/ Lab reports will not be accepted.

Course Overview
This course will cover followings: Semiconductor devices
Diodes
Bipolar Junction Transistors
Field Effect Transistors

Lecture Wise Breakdown

Semiconductor Diodes
1
Introduction to Semiconductors & Diodes
2-4
Physical Operation of Diodes
Basic Semiconductor Concepts
The pn junction under Open-circuit conditions
The pn junction under Reverse Bias conditions
The pn junction in the breakdown region
The pn junction under Forward bias conditions
Summary
5
Ideal diode
6-7
Terminal characteristics of Junction diode
8-9
Analysis of Diode circuits
Graphical Analysis, Iterative Analysis, Simplified Diode Models,
Battery-plus-resistance model, Constant Voltage Drop Model
10
The Small-signal model and its applications
11-12
Operation in the Reverse Breakdown region
Zener diode, Design of Zener Shunt Regulator
13-15
Rectifier Circuits
Half Wave recifier, Full wave rectifier, Bridge rectifier, Peak Rectifier
16
One Hour Test No 1

Lecture Wise Breakdown

Semiconductor Diodes
17
Limiting and
18

Clamping

Circuits

Special Diode Types

Bipolar Junction Transistor

19
Introduction to BJT, Physical Structures and Modes of Operation
20-21
Operation of npn Transistor in Active Mode
22
The pnp transistor
23
Circuit symbols and Conventions
24
Graphical Representation of Transistor Characteristics
25-26
Analysis of Transistor at DC
27
One Hour Test No 2
28-29
30
31
32-34
35-38

39

The transistor as an amplifier

The small signal equivalent circuit models
Graphical Analysis
Biasing BJT for Discrete Circuit Design
Basic single stage BJT Amplifier Configurations
Common Emitter Amplifier,
Common Emitter Amplifier with Re,
Common Base Amplifier, The Common Collector Emitter Follower
One Hour Test No 3

Lecture Wise Breakdown

Bipolar Junction Transistor
40
Transistor as a switch
Field Effect Transistor
41
Introduction to Field Effect Transistor
42-44
Structure and physical operation of Enhancement Type MOSFET
45-47
Current voltage characteristics of Enhancement MOSFET
48
The Depletion Type MOSFET
49
MOSFET circuits at DC
50
One Hour Test No 4
51-52
53-54

55-57
58
59
60

MOSFET as an Amplifier
Biasing in MOS Amplifier Circuits
Biasing in Discrete MOSFET Amplifiers
Biasing in Integrated Circuit MOS Amplifiers
Basic Configuration of Single stage IC MOS Amplifiers
The CMOS Common-source Amplifier
The CMOS Common-gate Amplifier
The Common-drain or source follower
All NMOS Amplifier Stages

WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT SO

FAR?
AV101 -

DC circuit analysis

Basic electrical concepts

Basic electrical elements
Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor

Fundamental laws
Ohms law
Kirchhoffs laws
Linearity, superposition

Power and Energy

Transient analysis
Steady State analysis

WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNT SO

FAR?
AV202 -

AC circuit analysis

Phasor Concept
Phasor relationships for elements
Resistor, Capacitor, Inductor
Fundamental laws in phasor domain
Ohms law
Kirchhoffs laws
Linearity, superposition
Steady state analysis using phasor domain
Single and 3 phase circuits and power analysis
Frequency response of ac circuits
Two port networks

WHAT LIES AHEAD?

AV241 -

Electronics I

Introduction to semiconductor devices

Semiconductor devices are also studied under
microelectronics
More into the physical structure of devices
Non-Linear devices
Device modeling
Circuit analysis
DC analysis or Biasing
AC analysis or small signal analysis

WHY STUDY
SEMICONDUTORS?
Fundamental devices for electronic circuits
Integral part of electronic circuit
Microcontrollers
Microprocessors
Amplifiers

Important for miniaturization

Increased speed
Low power consumption
Increased functionality
Reduced cost

ELECTRONICS
The branch of physics concerned with the
behavior and application of electric
charge carriers in components, devices
and systems that accomplish amplification,
oscillation, signal processing, and/or
switching.
The field of science and engineering
concerned with the behavior of electrons in
devices and the utilization of such devices.

HISTORY OF ELECTRONICS
HEINRICH GEISSLER

MIDDLE OF 19TH CENTURY

WILLIAM CROOKES

EXPERIMENTS WITH VACUUM TUBES

THOMAS EDISON

CURRENT THROUGH THESE TUBES

SIR JOSEPH THOMPSON

JOHN FLEMING

MEASURED PROPERTIES OF
ELECTRONS

VACUUM TUBE AMPLIFIER (1904)

AUDIOTRON (1907)
TRANSCONTINENTAL TELEPHONE
AND RADIO

Ref Book II-Preface

HISTORY OF ELECTRONICS
WALTER BRATTAIN
JOHN BARDEEN

TRANSISTOR (1947)

WILLIAM SHOCKLEY
JACK KILBY

INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (1958)

MICROELECTRONIC CIRCUITS

Ref-Text Book-Ch 1

SOLID-STATE ELECTRONICS

Transistors control the flow of electrons

through solid semiconductor substances
rather than through a vacuum, and so
transistor technology is often referred to
as solid-state electronics.

MICROELECTRONICS
The art of electronic equipment design and
construction that uses micro- miniaturization schemes.
The entire body of electronic art that is connected with
or applied to the realization of electronic systems from
extremely small electronic parts.
All techniques for the manufacture of extremely small
electronic circuits, generally including all types of
silicon integrated circuits, thin-film circuits, and thickfilm circuits
EXAMPLES. Microprocessor,
Micro-controller,
Integrated circuits, cornerstone of computing and
communications revolution

SEMICONDUCTOR
A material between conductors and
insulators in its ability to conduct electrical
current (e.g., silicon, carbon and germanium,
gallium arsenide)
Pure state is known as intrinsic state
Todays IC technology is based entirely on
silicon. Our text book mostly deals with
SILICON devices only

SUMMARY

20

QUESTIONS ?

21

NEXT TIME
Basic semiconductor concepts

22