By

Mohit

INDEX
1

Introduction to acids

Type of acids

Properties of acids

Uses of acids

Difference between acids and bases

INTRODUCTION TO

ACIDS

Anacid(from theLatin
acidus/acremeaningsour[1]) is a
substance which reacts with abase.
Commonly, acids can be identified as tasting
sour, reacting with metals such ascalcium,
and bases likesodium carbonate . Aqueous
acids have apHof less than 7, where an
acid of lower pH is typically stronger.
Chemicals or substances having the
property of an acid are said to beacidic.

Types of acids
Mineral acids (inorganic acids)
Hydrogen halides and their solutions: hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrobromic acid (HBr), hydroiodic acid (HI)
Halogen oxoacids: hypochlorous acid (HClO), chlorous acid (HClO2), chloric acid (HClO3), perchloric acid (HClO4), and corresponding
compounds for bromine and iodine
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
Fluorosulfuric acid (HSO3F)
Nitric acid (HNO3)
Phosphoric acid (H3PO4)
Fluoroantimonic acid (HSbF6)
Fluoroboric acid (HBF4)
Hexafluorophosphoric acid (HPF6)
Chromic acid (H2CrO4)
Boric acid (H3BO3)
Sulfonic acids
Methanesulfonic acid (or mesylic acid, CH3SO3H)
Ethanesulfonic acid (or esylic acid, CH3CH2SO3H)
Benzenesulfonic acid (or besylic acid, C6H5SO3H)
p-Toluenesulfonic acid (or tosylic acid, CH3C6H4SO3H)
Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (or triflic acid, CF3SO3H)
Polystyrene sulfonic acid (sulfonated polystyrene, [CH2CH(C6H4)SO3H]n)

Properties
ACIDS

Physical properties
t has a sour taste.
It turns blue litmus to red.
It turns methyl orange to red.
Acids are electrolyte.
Sptrong acids destroy fabric.
Strong acids cause burn on skin.
Chemical proproperties
NEUTRALIZATION
REACTION WITH BICARBONATES
REACTION WITH METALS

USES OF ACIDS

Vinegar, used in the kitchen, is a liquid containing 3-6%

acetic acid. It is used in pickles and in many food
preparations.
2. Lemon and orange juice contains citric acid. Citric acid is
used in the preparation of effervescent salts and as a food
preservative.
3. Acids have been put to many uses in industry. Nitric acid
and sulphuric acid are used in the manufacture of fertilizers,
dyes, paints, drugs and explosives.
4. Sulphuric acid is used in batteries, which are used in cars,
etc. Tannic acid is used in the manufacture of ink and leather.
5. Hydrochloric acid is used to make aqua regia, which is
used to dissolve noble metals such as gold and platinum.
6. Sulphuric acid is used in manufacturing fertilizers such as
super phosphate, ammonium sulpahte etc.
.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
ACIDS AND BASES
Properties of acids:
React with most metals to form hydrogen gas
Taste sour (like lemons)
Frequently feel "sticky"
Usually gases or liquids
Properties of bases:
Feel "slippery". The slippery feeling is caused because your skin
dissolves a little when you touch them.
Taste bitter (like baking soda)
React with oils and greases( that's why they're used as drain and
window cleaners)
Frequently solids ( though ammonia is a gas that's usually dissolved
in water)
An acid has the pH under 7 and contain the cation H+; a base has a
pH greater than 7 and contain theanion

ACKNOLEDGEMEN
T
This information
is collected
from books