ADAPTIVE DELTA

MODULATION

-Sanmathi Kamath

14EC146

RECAP (PCM AND DPCM)

For human speech signal, PCM used sampling
rate of 8000 samples per second, 256
quantization levels, minimum of 64Kbps data
rate.
DPCM calculates the difference between
successive samples and quantises it. Therefore,
dynamic range and data rate is lesser.
ADPCM reduces error and bandwidth at the cost
of complexity of circuit.

DELTA MODULATION
It is a differential quantisation with two
quantisation levels.
Bit rate= Sampling rate
The difference between the input and the
approximation is quantized into only two levels,
namely, corresponding to positive and
negative differences.

DELTA MODULATION

Block diagram

ADVANTAGES OF DM
As one sample of x(kTs) is represented by only
one bit after delta modulation, no elaborate
word-level synchronization is necessary at the
input of the demodulator.
Overall complexity of a delta modulatordemodulator is less compared to DPCM as the
predictor unit is absent in DM.

DISADVANTAGES OF DELTA
MODULATION

Slope Overload Noise:

Granular Noise:

ADAPTIVE DELTA MODULATION

Variable step size:

large

step size to accommodate a wide dynamic range

a small step size is required for the accurate
representation of relatively low-level signals.

Step size is enlarged during intervals when the slopeoverload distortion is dominant
Step size is reduced in value when the granular
(quantization) noise is dominant.

BLOCK DIAGRAM OF ADM

ADM
In each of the step-size algorithms of ADM, the
processor detects the pattern to see if the delta
modulator is operating in the granular noise
region, in which case it produces an alternating
1010.. Pattern, or in the slope over load
region in which case it produces an all-1 or all-0
pattern.
If the ADM senses a 1010. pattern, it
decreases the step-size
If it senses ..1111. or .0000. pattern, it
increases the step-size.

ADM

ABATE Algorithm:
Based

on observations of the sequence of pulses

leaving the quantizer
The step size is increased or reduced by multiplying
by a factor k
Modified ABATE works similarly with limiting step
size to a value.

ADM

SONG Algorithm:
The

SONG algorithm used by NASA produces the

step-size S(k+1) which minimizes the mean-square
error between m(t) and m^(t).
SONG algorithm will add or subtract a constant to
step size.(10mV)

ADM

Modified SONG Algorithm:

is the adaptation parameter nearly equal to 1 but

greater than 1.=1/.

COMPARISON

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Modified SONG Algorithm gives good results

throughout.

HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF
ADM

COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT
MODULATION TECHNIQUES

We see that upto a certain bit rate ADM

performs better than PCM