Op-Amp Applications

Lecture 1
03/10/2005

Anthony Herbland

Email: a.j.m.herbland@herts.ac.uk

Course Content
Op-amps
FETs
Oscillators
A/D

& D/A converters

Lecture Content
Summing

Amplifier
Substractor Amplifier
Basic Comparator
Integration
Differentiation

Adder (Inverting Configuration)

V1

10k

10k

R1

Rf

Vout

5k
V2
R2

-15V
+15V
Rc

Adder: Superposition
V1 V2 VOUT

0
R1 R2
RF
Vout

RF
RF
V1
V2
R1
R2
V1 V2
RF

R1 R2
5

Adder Applications

Summing Amplifier

Scaling Amplifier

VOUT

R1 = R2 = R then

Different input voltages

Different weight ( R1 R2 )

VOUT

Average circuit

RF 1
R1 = R2 = R &

R n

RF

V1 V2
R

RF
RF

V1
V2
R2
R1

VOUT
(e.g. n =2)

V1 V2

Adder (Non-Inverting Configuration)

Rg

V-

Rf

Vout
-15V

+15V

R1

V1
V2

R2

V+

Superposition
R2
R1
V V1
V2
R1 R2
R1 R2

VOUT

RF RG

RG

V VOUT

RG
RF RG

R2
R1
V2
V1

R1 R2
R1 R2

Non-Inverting Amplifier: Applications

Averaging

R1 = R2 = R
VOUT

RF
1
RG

V1 V2

Voltage Gain

Summing

amplifier

RF
R1 = R2 = R & 1 = 2
RG

VOUT V1 V2
9

Lecture Content
Summing

Amplifier
Substractor Amplifier
Basic Comparator
Integration
Differentiation

10

Differential Configuration
V1

Rg

V-

Rf

Vout
-15V

+15V

R1

V2

V+
R2

11

Differential Configuration
Subtractor

R1
V V2
R1 R2

RG
RF
V V1
VOUT
RF RG
RF RG

R1 = R2 = Rf = Rg THEN VOUT = V2 V1

12

Lecture Content
Summing

Amplifier
Substractor Amplifier
Basic Comparator
Integration
Differentiation

13

Basic Comparator
Vin
-5V
3V 50Hz cosinewave

Vd

Vout

+5V

Vref *

Vref = +1V

Vout will be +ve for Vd > 0 i.e. when Vref > Vin
Vout will be ve for Vd < 0 i.e. when Vref < Vin
14

Basic Comparator (contd)

Vin

3.00

-3.00
4.00
Vd

Vout

-2.00
5.00

-5.00
0.00

20.00m

40.00m
Time [s]

60.00m
15

Basic Comparator (contd)

If the op-amp can be driven from a single-ended

supply i.e. +5V only then logic compatible pulses
can be produced. Otherwise remove the ve with a
diode or use a logic buffer gate. Note that Vin & Vref
can be reversed.
Applications:

Zero-crossing detector
Level detector
Schmitt trigger (see later)
Pulse width modulation
16

Lecture Content
Summing

Amplifier
Substractor Amplifier
Basic Comparator
Integration
Differentiation

17

Integration
Electronic

Integrator produces an output

waveform, whose at any instant of time
equals the total area under the input
waveform up to that point in time.

Vin(t)

Electronic

Integrator
Area = Et
Time
o

Vout(t)
Et

Bogard T. F., Linear Electronics, 1994, p.387

Time
o

t
18

Integration (Contd)
Za

Zb
R1
Vin

C1

Vout

19

Integration (Contd)
Complex

Transfer Function:

VOUT
ZA
H(jw)=
=
VIN
ZB

with

ZA =

1
jwC

and

ZB = R

20

Integration (Contd)
Remember

for a capacitor
dv
i(t) = C
dt

Therefore

vin
dvout
iin
C
R
dt

vout

v
dt
in
CR
21

Integration (Contd)
Vin

Vin

+1V

+1V
t (sec)

t (sec)
-1V

-1V
0

0.5

1.5

3T/2

Vout

Vout
0V

T/2

1
V

t (sec)

0V

-1V

1
V

t (sec)

22

Lecture Content
Summing

Amplifier
Substractor Amplifier
Basic Comparator
Integration
Differentiation

23

Differentiator
Electronic

Differentiator produces an output

waveform, whose at any instant of time is
equal to the rate of change of the input
waveform at that point in time.
Vin(t)
E

Vv
E
Vt

Electronic
Differentiator

Time
o

Vout(t)

1s

d
dt

Bogard T. F., Linear Electronics, 1994, p.394&395

Time
o
24

Differentiator (contd)
Zb
Vin

C1

R1

Za
Vout

25

Differentiator (contd)
Complex

Transfer Function:

VOUT
ZA
H(jw)=
=
VIN
ZB

vout

with

ZA = R

and

1
ZB =
jwC

dvin
RC
dt
26

Differentiator: example
Vin(t)
0.5V

RC = 1
t (sec)

-0.5V
0
Vout(t) 4

+1V
t (sec)
-1V
27

Reading List

Bogart, T.F., Electronic Devices and Circuits,

1994

Gayakwad, R. A., Op-Amps and Linear

Integrated Circuits, 1983

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