Pile Foundation

Penny Leung Ling Yee

( 0328245 )
Melvin Tan Teng Hung
( 0324938 )
Ngeow Yee Ling

Pile Foundation

Pile foundations are used in the

following situations :
When there is a layer of weak
soil at the surface
When a building has very heavy,
concentrated loads, such as in a
high rise structure, bridge, or
water tank

Type of load transfer

(Based on functions)

End bearing piles

The bottom end rests on the surface which
is the intersection of a weak and strong
layer
Load bypasses the weak layer and is
safely transferred to the strong layer

Friction piles
The piles trasnfers the load of the building
to the soil across the full height of the piles
by friction
The entire surface of the pile works to
transfer the forces to the soil
The amount of load a pile can support is
directly proportional to its length

Combination pile
This pile transfers the
super-imposed load
both through side
friction as well as end
bearing.
Such piles are more
common, especially
when theend bearing
pilespass through
granular soils.

Classification of pile with respect to type

of materials
Materials Suitability

Advantages

Timber

- Can be
Economical
affected by
-Driven
insects and
rapidly
salt water
-Section to be - Joint is
joint together
weak
-Excess length - Restricted
easily
length (35)
removed

- for long
cohesion
piling and
piling
beneath
embankment
s
- Permanent
works

Reinforced - Silty sand

concrete
soil
pile

Disadvantag
es

Cost
- Chea
p

- highly
- special
resistant to
equipments Expensi
biological
are required ve
and
for handling
chemical
and
actions of
transportati
the sub soil.
on.
- Can be
- Can be
driven in
damaged
long
during

Materials

Suitability

Advantages

Steel pipe

Building,
retaining walls,
structures
needing solids

- Easy to

Disadvantag Cost
es

- Corrosion
handle
- Damaged
-Withstand high
or defect
driving stress
the H-Penetrate hard
section
layers( dense
during
gravel and hard
driving
rocks)
- Noisy
-- High load

Expensive

carrying
capacity

Composite
concrete

Partially under
water

- Can be cast to - Low tensile

Expensive
different and
strength
desired shapes -A lot of work
- Low
which can
maintenance
affect the
cost
final strength
- Thermal
of concrete
insulator
-Low
properties
-Better
comprehensiv
resistance to
e strength
fire than steel
-Cracks can
- Sound control form
properties

Driven Piles

Driven piles
- considered to be displacement piles
- cost effective ( wide variety of materials and shapes can be
easily produced
- may not suitable be where ground has poor drainage qualities

Bored piles

Bored piles
- used for those tall buildings or massive industrial complexes, which require
foundations that can bear the load of thousands of tons, most probably in
unstable or difficult soil conditions
- absence of vibration will not disturb the adjoining piles
- repair is generally very complex