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Degree in Chemical
Engineering
Fluid Mechanics
Flow Through Pipes Part 3
(Week 8)
PowerPoint Slides

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Learning Objective (s)

To discuss the properties and losses of different types of
flow along the pipelines and non-circular conduits ,
which includes laminar, transition and turbulent flows.

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Learning Outcome (s)

Students should be able to
Differentiate the behaviour of laminar, transition and
turbulent flows.
Calculate the fictional and minor losses along the
pipelines.

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Introduction
Chapter 5 introduces different types of flow in the
pipelines and non-circular conduits. Frictional and minor
losses along the pipelines during the transportation of
fluid will be discussed.

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Hydraulic Grade Line and Total Energy Line

The graphical form of Bernoulli Equation
Hydraulic Grade Line (HGL)
Affected by the velocity of the fluid

Energy Line
Represent the total head available to the fluid
Constant along the streamline

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Pipes
Series pipes

Parallel pipes

Branched pipes

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Example 1
A pump is used to pump water from reservoir A to
reservoir B at a rate of 0.03 m3/s. 36 m long commercial
steel pipes are used to deliver the water. Minor losses are
negligible. Find the head supplied by the pump, hp.

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Example 2
Three reservoirs are connected by three pipes. Water
flows from A into B and C. The pipes are identical and
the diameter and friction factor of the pipes are 0.3 m
and 0.02 respectively. Minor losses are negligible.
Determine the volumetric flow rate, Q1, Q2 and Q3

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Pipe Flowrate Measurement

Relate pressure difference with velocity.
Empirical coefficient (c) is used account for the viscosity
effect.
Devices:
Orifice meter
Nozzle meter
Venturi meter

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Qreal cQideal

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Example 3
A 5cm diameter orifice plate is inserted in a 8 cm
diameter pipe. Determine the pressure differences if the
actual water flowrate is 0.03m3/s.

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References:
Munson, B. R., Young, D. F., Okiishi, T. D., Huebsch, W.
W. 2010, Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 6th edn, John
Wiley & Sons
Cengel, Y. A., Cimbala, J. M. 2010, Fluid Mechanics Fundamentals and Applications, 2nd edn, McGraw Hill.

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Conclusion/Summary
Summary 1

Summary 2

Summary 3

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Key terms:
Term

Definition

Contraction
coefficient
Discharge
coefficient

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