You are on page 1of 26

Different Types Of Air

Conditioning Systems
COMPILED BY;
4TH YEAR B.ARCH (I.D.)
1. DIVYA JHAWAR
2. SWAPNALI TAKKE
3. VARSHA PATEL

Different Types Of Air Conditioning Systems


The basic type of air conditioning are
Non Ductable system
Ductable system
AIR
CONDITIONING

NON-DUCTABLE
PRODUCTS

SPLIT AIR
CONDITIONERS

FLOOR MOUNTED

DUCTABLE
SYSTEM

WINDOW AIR
CONDITIONERS

WALL MOUNTED

CEILING
MOUNTED

FLOOR STANDING
PACKAGED AIR
CONDITIONERS

AIR COOLED

CENTRAL
PLANTS

PACKAGE AIR
CONDITIONERS
AIR COOLED
DUCTABLE SPLITS

DX
SYSTEM
WATER
COOLED

VAPOUR
COMPRESSION UNITS

CHILLED
WATER SYSTEM
VAPOUR
ABSORPTION UNITS

CASSETTE
TYPE

EXPOSED
TYPE
HIDE AWAY
TYPE

RECIPROCATING
UNITS, AIR AND
WATER COOLED

SCREW TYPE UNIT,


WATER COOLED

CENTRIFUGAL UNITS,
WATER COOLED ONLY

HOT WATER
FIRED

DIRECT
FIRED

STEAM FIRED SINGLE


AND TWO STAGE

NON DUCTABLE conditioning system


Non ducted product refer to those air conditioners that do not used any air ducting to
cool the conditioned space .
This include window mounted air conditioners and non ducted split air conditioners .
These products are suitable where air throw is limited to around 4m and small spaces
are involved .
Where large spaces are involved multiple units are used to distribute the air .
In order to distribute the air uniformly using less units , ductable system are preferred.

1.ROOM AIR CONDITIONERS


It is a machine which can be seen mounted in the window , called as window air
conditioners.
Here the compressor ,condenser fan , condenser and evaporator are enclosed in single
cabinet
This unit is to be installed in a wooden frame either in the window or in a hole in the
wall .
The air blown through the condenser must pass freely through without restriction .
These air conditioner come in cooling capacities of 0.5, 0.75, 1.5 ,and 2tons for room
size 5 &20 sq mts.

Advantages
Outdoor unit can be mounted on roof or the ledge some distance away from the room to
be air conditioned .
They are preferred for their low noise levels.
Disadvantages
Split air conditioners are more expensive than the window mounted type.
Types Of Split Air Conditioners Indoor Unit
The out door units are always similar
The indoor units are available in different types to suit the needs of air conditioner space
The different types of indoor units are
floor mounted
High wall mounted
Ceiling mounted

Floor Mounted

it is kept on the floor against the wall of the space to be air conditioned
Here air throw is from the top, the space above the indoor unit must be free from
obstructions

Mounting safety and serviceability


In wall mounted units ,the wall to
which out door unit support frame
work is grouted , is structurally
sound and capable of supporting its
load and this applies to any other
structure on which ODU is mounted
This frame work should be
properly designed with a catwalk to
permit serviceability along with
safety railing
Coastal installation
Following taken into consideration
The condenser fan outlet is not facing see wind.
ODU are not located near ground level , close to beach.
Care is taken to give supporting frame work ,a good quality anticorrosive paint
treatment
The isolator switch and electrical components are properly protected from moisture.

This type is ideal for living rooms or office rooms where adequate floor space is
available.

High Wall Mounted

It is fixed to the wall at a height of about 2.5m usually below the false ceiling .

It is mounted on the wall , preferred for rooms having less floor space .

The controls are operated either by a corded or cordless remote control unit .

This model is widely used for domestic and commercial applications.

Ceiling Mounted

These are designed to be suspended from the main ceiling

They are available in three models.

1.

Exposed

2. Hidden
3. Cassette
Exposed

They are fixed directly to the ceiling and are visible.

Units are similar to floor mounted units

These are easy to install


Are preferred in commercial areas or offices that do not have a false ceiling .
Hide /away
These units are mounted on the ceilings but designed for the hidden .
They are concealed by a paneled box or false ceiling.
These are suitable for commercial areas where the interior design required concealed air
conditioning equipment .
It is used in places like restaurant and office.
Cassette type
These are mounted above the false ceiling with out let grill flushed with bottom of false
ceiling.
A small motorized pump is employed to the drained out the condensate.

Ductable Air Conditioning Systems


There are two types of ductable system
Packaged type
Central plants
The ductable implies any air conditionings suitable for ducting.

Packaged air conditioning system


These are of two types
1.Air cooled ductable splits
2.Floor standing packaged air conditioners

Air Cooled Ductable Splits


The indoor portion here do not occupy the floor space as placed above false ceiling and
connected to the ducting.
Currently available in 3, 5 and 7.5 tons capacities
Ideally located in corridors , above lofts, where accessibility is not a problem (so that
attending machine is not a problem)

Floor Standing Packaged Unit


These are shaped like a cupboards and are placed in a small enclosed adjusting to the
conditioned area.
A cupboard consist of compressor, evaporator and evaporator blower.
These are mostly used with ducting but can be used without ducting where cooled
air is thrown directly in to the room.
These come in capacities of 5, 7.5, 10 & 15tons
These are available in
1.water cooled and
2. air cooled models
Water Cooled Units
It requires water which used to cool the refrigerant in the condenser .
Water is pump through the shell and tube condenser which is the part of the
packaged unit
This water is than sent into a cooling tower outside the air conditioned room where
the heat is dissipated in the atmosphere
Water cooled units give higher capacities and are more power efficient owing to
lower operating pressure

Air Cooled Models


These are suitable for places where water is scarce or of
hard quality or were there is no space for a cooling tower
The heat is removed by away of an air cooled condenser
with a fan blowing through it .
It is mounted outside building in sunshade or a terrace

Advantages
They required a small plant room
They are serviced friendly bcoz of easy accessibility
They can handle long ducts with used of more powerful
fans
Large tonnage can be handle.
Interiors are clean and undisturbed as machines are
placed in separate plat room

CENTRAL PLANTS
Central plants are large air conditioning plants assembled at the site.
These are used for big buildings,such as hotels , theaters , hospitals , large office
complexes and factories
They are designed for accurate control of all parameters of comfort
A central plant is housed in the central location
These plant room could be in the basement or adjutants to the building
They consist of equipments such as one or more compressors, condensers ,air handling
units, water chillers and cooling tower.
They can use direct expansion (DX)or chilled water

1.Direct Expansion System (DX)


Here air is cooled and conditioned in the plant room
This treated air is pumped to various parts of the building
The returning air is sucked through a coil-filled arrangement by a fan
The refrigerant inside the coil picks up heat from this air and evaporates
The cold air is then pumped back to the air conditioned space.

In DX plants the place where this heat exchange takes place is called as air handing unit
(AHU)
This system typically uses ducting passing through structure to the various parts of the
building to be conditioned.

2.Chilled Water System


It is a system where interaction of a refrigerant and water takes place.
The refrigerant in shell and tube heat exchanger evaporates by picking up heat from water in
other portion of heat exchanger.
this is circulated to various water air heat exchangers called fan coiled units or air
handing units.
the system is also preferred where multiple zones are to be cooled ex : hotels and hospitals
The vapors compression system compresses the refrigerant gas
Smaller central plants use 1 or 2 compressors , large ones use bank of such machine.
Compressors most widely used in central plants are reciprocating type , screw type and
centrifugal type .

RECIPROCATIVE TYPE:
It employs a crane shaft to drive reciprocating piston to compress the refrigerant
Used where application ranging from less than a ton to 120 tons .

Screw type compressor


This employs a pair of helical shaped screws which mesh while rotating and compress the
volume of refrigerant gas
Used in capacities over 100 TR

Centrifugal Compressor
This employs 1 or more rapidly spinning disks to force the refrigerant gas from it centre to
it extremity there by increasing it volume into its increase pressure.
Used in application from 150TR to several thousand tons

Types of chilled water system


1.Package chillers
This provide chilled water for many large air conditionings applications
They are mounted on a frame that has compressor with dry motor , a condenser (air or
water cooled )and a shell and tube heat exchanger.

These can be classified as( depending on compressors used)


Reciprocating chillers
Screw chillers
Centrifugal chillers
Where absorptions system is used chillers are called absorption chillers .

Air cooled chiller

Centrifugal chiller

Screw type chiller

Reciprocating type chiller

Absorption chiller

2. Vapour absorption machines


This system uses a chemical reaction to produce low temperature .
This system works on cooling cycle called as absorption refrigeration
Used for large application where some form of heat source is economically
available
It consists of evaporator and an absorber.
Cooling towers
In the cooling tower the water is sprayed through nozzles into air.
The water becomes small droplets and evaporates there by losing heat and
becoming cool.
This cool water falls into the sump tank at the bottom of the cooling tower
from were it is circulated in through the shell and the tube condenser and the
cycle repeats again.
There are two types 1. Atmospheric or natural draft tower 2. Forced draft
tower

Vapour absorption machine


This employs cooling cycle know as absorption refrigeration
This is used for large application with some form of heat source is economically available
It consist of evaporator and absorber
Inside absorber there is salt solution , lithium bromide , has strong affinity to water
In low pressure evaporator chamber has water and a mist of water vapour
The salt solution in absorber chamber absorbs water vapour from low pressure evaporator
chamber
this maintain the low pressure in evaporator chamber and causes water temperature to drop
The solution formed by mixing of water and salt is heated so that salt solution is regenerated
The solution is pump through higher pressure section where heat is used to separate the
refrigerant (water )from absorbent salt (lithium bromide
Salt then releases water evapour at high temperature
Vapour is condensed in condenser to water using cool water from cooling tower and return to
evaporator to begin the cycle again .

Air handling unit


it is a centrifugal type fan that pumps the air
this fan is usually located in the air handler/water coil cabinet
its purpose is to create a pressure differential so that the air from the conditioned space is
drawn back to the unit.
The air passed through a filter first to remove the dust and then over the the coils or chilled
water coil where the heat is rejected
this cooled air is drawn back into the suction fan then back feed into the conditioned space
which is to be cooled.
A damper arrangement in the suction side of AHU is kept alittle open to draw in the fresh
air .
AHU is sheet steel cabinet housing cooling coil and blower fan.
Motor being mounted on outside the cabinet , drives the blower by a pulley belt
arrangement.
Depending on appications AHUs varies in sizes.

Fan coil unit


it is a sheet metal cabinet that houses a chilled water coil constructed out of copper tube and
aluminum fins. , boiler with motor and an air filter.
It is used where multiple areas are to be cooled .
The water is chilled centrally and pumped to various parts of the building through insulated
pipes
the chilled water enter the FCU , where heat exchange take place between the room air and
the chilled water in the coil.
Air passed over the coils using a three speed blower motor, mounted in the FCU
The air speed can be controlled by choosing the bower motor speed from a selector switched
in the conditioned space
Thermostat is mounted in the air conditioned space that controls a solenoid valve that closes
when desire temperature is reached and shuts of flow of chilled water in FCU water coil and
when temperature rises the thermostat activates the solenoid valve to open and allowing
chilled water flow in the coil

Freshening Air

Installation practice for air coil units


The indoor units of any split air conditioners
are connected to out door unit through
refrigerant piping which is imported copper
pipe
Soft drawn copper tubing is used for single
phase non ducted split air conditioners and
hard drawn , l grad copper tubing is used for
three phase ducted splits or package units

Refrigerant pipe insulation


Refrigerant piping carrying gas from evaporator (cooling coil) to the compressor is
known as suction line and piping carrying liquid refrigerant from the condenser to
evaporator is liquid line
The insulation .
If metering device is located in ODU the suction and liquid lines must be separately
insulated and a gap maintained between two.
If device is located in IDU the suction and discharge line must be insulated together

System design approach


energy efficiency
optimum space utilization
cost effectiveness
1 initial cost
2 operating cost
application- based equipment

Saving energy on air conditioning


a little care to minimize energy consumption on air - conditioning will result in
substantial saving in the long run .
Energy saving can be made by adopting an energy efficient building design.
Building design
orientation
use materials like foam concrete , double wall glazing ,hollow concrete blocks etc

Energy efficient air conditioning equipment


to use equipment with the best energy efficient ratio.
Package air conditioners / ducted splits are available with reciprocating compressor as well as
scroll compressors.
Scroll compressors are of higher EER and hence save on energy.
For higher tonnage's screw and centrifugal equipment are most preferred because of low
operating costs.
Where heat source such as steam or hot water is available as a by product of economically
absorptive type units are a good energy saving choice.

Effective maintenance and utility management


regular maintenance will ensure efficient performance.
Cleansing of filters, de-scaling of the heat exchangers , lubricating friction points , such as fans
, motors and shafts, should be done regularly
this will save energy on the air conditioning
turn off the the system when not in use will save energy.

There are two type of AHU


1.single skinned type
2. Double skinned type
In single type consist of single layer cabinet and are usually placed inside an AHU
room.
The room has to be insulted so that the air in does not pick up heat from outside warm
air and acoustics in the conditioned space is maintained
In double type has an inner and outer cabinet which sandwiched a layer of thermal
insulation
They are more expensive than singled skinned type but have more advantages of
thermal and acoustic insulation

THANK YOU

COMPILED BY;
1. DIVYA JHAWAR
2. SWAPNALI TAKKE
3. VARSHA PATEL

You might also like