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Electrical safety
Electrical Safety
OBJECTIVE:To be
1.
Familiar with the fundamental concepts of electricity.
2.
Familiar with the effects of electricity on the human
body.
3.
Able to recognize the possible common electrical
hazards.
4.
Familiar with electrical protective devices and To give
Better awareness and understanding on Safety
measures and practices to avoid those hazards.
Electrical Safety
Philosophy
Electricity is invisible. It cannot be seen,
heard, tasted, or smelled. Like a snake
hiding in the grass, electricity will strike if
you dont follow safe work practices as
well as using and maintaining safe
equipment.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Current (I)
Ampere (A)
1 A = 1 coulomb/sec = 6.242 x 1018
electrons/sec
Voltage (E)
Volt (V)
1 V = 1 joule/coulomb
Potential energy with each charge
Electrical Safety
Resistance (R)
Ohm ()
1 = 1 volt/ampere
Opposition to flow
Electrical Safety
Ohms Law
E = IR or
L (+)
E
R = E/I or
I=E/R
N (-)
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Primary Hazards
Secondary Hazards
Electrical Safety
1- Primary Hazards
Electric Shock (Electrocution).
Fire.
Explosion.
2- Secondary Hazards
Burns.
Toxic gases
Falls
Electrical Safety
1- Electric shock
The electrical shock occurs when the
human body becomes part of the path
through which current flows.
The direct result can be electrocution.
The indirect result can be injury
resulting from a fall because of a shock
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
2- FIRES:-
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
3-EXPLOSIONS:Explosions occur when electricity provides a source of
ignition for an explosive mixture in the atmosphere.
Explosion Movie
Electrical Safety
ARC-BLAST:
Occur from high- amperage currents
arcing through the air. This can be
caused by accidental contact with
energized components or equipment
failure.
Arcing Movie
Electrical Safety
ARC-BLAST RESULT S
Pressure Wave(15 tons of pressure)
Destruction of structures and life
Heat
Molten metal
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
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Electrical Safety
6-Falls
Electrical Safety
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Electrical
Safety
Nominal Human Response to Current
More than 3 mA
painful shock
More than 10 mA
More than 30 mA
More than 50 mA
100 ma to 4 mA
Over 4 Am
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
E = I2Rt
E= energy, joules
I = current, amperes
R = resistance of current path through the
body, ohms
t = time of current flow, seconds
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Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
.
25% Burn
Age
50% Burn
Age
75% Burn
Age
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
(1)General Principles/Means:
Safe Electrical System
Protective Devices in the electrical supply
system..
Required by local code and regulations.
Required for fixed installation and portable
equipment.
Safe Equipment
Use of Safe Equipment (with adequate protection)
Safe Work Practices
Safe use of equipment (Proper Use)
Electrical Safety
Safeguard against Direct Contact with Live Electrical
Parts, Restrict access or contact by Enclosure/
Guarding/ Barrier
Electrical Safety
Safeguard against Ground Fault Conditions
Grounding/Earthing
Draining of leaked out current to the earth/ground using a
conductor (earth wire)
Eliminate the build up of potential difference between the
equipment and the ground
Electrical Safety
Proper Wiring :
Cable must be firmly gripped to release strain from
the conductor wires, to ensure that the conductors
would not be pulled out of the terminals
Electrical Safety
Grounding of Conductive Surfaces:
Metallic conductive surfaces may be electrically
charged accidentally e.g. Work benches on which
electrical equipment's are placed.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Automatic Protection Device
Automatic disconnection of power when an electricity leak is
detected.
Devices
Residual Current Device (RCD)
(Earth Leakage Circuit Breaker (ELCB)
Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI)
Electrical Safety
Residual Current Device
Electrical Safety
Residual Current Device
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Do not use conductive ladders for electrical work or work near
electrical installation.
Electrical Safety
Proper maintenance of system and
equipment.
Electrical Safety
Emergency procedures in the event of an
accident
Equipment emergency shutdown procedure,
e.g. power cut-off switch can be easily
reached.
Electric shock first aid procedure, need for
first-aid training.
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Plan the shutdown of the system.
Alert operator and other users of the shutdown.
Lockout the power supply to the system at the most
appropriate point.
Have all teams/workers place their personal & individual
padlocks on the lockout point.
Put a warning tag at the lockout.
Release all stored or residual energies (e.g. capacitors,
loaded spring etc.)
Test the circuit to confirm it is dead. Each team/worker
should remove only his own padlock upon completion of
his part of work.
Electrical Safety
2- Working in Hazardous Environment
Avoid Generation of Sparks in Hazardous Atmosphere.
Use spark proof / intrinsically safe equipment and
installation in hazardous areas where there are:
flammable liquids;
combustible liquids operating at a temperature above their
flash point; or
gases or combustible dusts that may be present in
flammable, explosive and combustible concentrations
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Electrical Safety
Regulatory Requirements
1. All equipment must be placed in a de-energized
state prior to any maintenance or repair work.
(Limited exceptions exist).
2. The de-energized state must be verified prior to
any work.
3. The de-energized state must be maintained
through the consistent use of locks and tags, and
in some cases, grounding.
4. When energized work is performed, it must be
performed in accordance with written procedures.
analysis?
accurately assess the arc hazard and
make appropriate decisions regarding
personal protective clothing, it is
necessary to fully understand the
operation of the system under fault
conditions.
Equipment Labeling
PPE
Each employee shall be trained to know
at least the following:
When PPE is necessary;
What PPE is necessary;
How to properly don, doff, adjust, and
wear PPE;
The limitations of the PPE;
The proper care, maintenance, useful
life, and disposal of PPE."
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