POWER SHOVEL

Made By:
Gaurav Sharma (10-ces-23)
Hemant Yadav (10-ces-27 )
Amit Kumar Singh (10-ces12)
Altaf hussain ( 10-ces 08 )

INTRODUCTION
Power shovels are used predominantly for hard digging
above track level and for loading units.
They are capable for excavating all classes of earth, except
the solid without prior loosening.
The size of a shovel is indicated by the size of bucket of
dipper, expressed in cubic meters.
They are available in size , , , 1 , 14 , 12 , 2 and 22
cubic meter.
larger size may be available on special order.

FRONT SHOVEL
A

front shovels bucket excavates in upward

direction. It develops excavation breakout
force by crowding material away from the
machine. It is used to excavate about the earth
surface.

FRONT SHOVEL

CRAWLER
MOUNTED SHOVEL

RUBBER-TIRED
SHOVEL

BACK HOE
A

backhoe is in the form of a downward

unit. It develops exaction breakout
force by pulling the bucket toward the
machine and curling the bucket inward.
It is used to excavate below the earth
surface.

BACK HOE

BASIC PARTS AND OPERATION

First step is to release hoist to bring the dipper down and move
the stick in a vertical plane.
Now the dipper is moved forward and downward with the
cutting teeth pointing towards the face to be excavated.
the downward force is applied to the tip of the dipper through
the dipper stick. The depth of cut and angle of digging is controlled
by the job conditions.
When the dipper is filled with the load, the next step is to pull
out the dipper by applying the required tension through the
hoisting line and the machine can be swung around for dumping.
During swinging the position of the dipper is so adjusted that it
comes in most suitable dumping position.
to empty the dipper, the door is opened by unlatching it through
the trip arrangement. The cycle is thus repeated again and again.

SHOVEL PRODUCTION

Load bucket (7-9 sec )

Swing with load ( 4-6 sec )

Dump load ( 2-4 sec )

Return swing ( 4-5 sec )

Total cycle time= 36 sec ( Average

However this cycle time may affected by following factors:

o

o
o
o

Class of material production decrease with increase in

hardness of material.
Angle of swing Directly proportional to cycle time.
Operator skill

Haul unit exchange It is the time required for a loaded truck

to clear its loading position under the excavator & for the
next empty truck to be positioned
Size of hauling unit small hauling units are required for
small shovel & vice versa

SELECTION OF TYPE OF POWER SHOVEL

Best type of a power shovel is decided after considering various
techno-economic factors, site location and type of footing, etc.

(a) SITE LOCATION

For numerous small sites located at different places, rubber-tired
shovel will be better choice due to its mobility.
For concentration of large site at a particular location, mobility will be
of less importance, the crawler mounted shovel will be more desirable.

(b) TYPE OF FOOTING

Sometimes the type of footing on which the shovel operates
becomes the deciding factor. If the ground surface is of very soft and
muddy soil having large undulations, the crawler mounted shovel
will be the only choice.

SELECTION OF SIZE OF POWER SHOVEL

For selecting the best size of the shovel for the given job, the
following factors must be examined:

(a) THE COST OF PER CUBIC METER OF OUTPUT

The best size of the shovel is one which offer the minimum cost/m3 of
output. In estimating the cost/ m3 , the following factor must be consider:
1) Size of job: Larger job may justify the higher cost of a large size.
2) Cost of transporting: Larger size will have higher cost of
transporting.
3) Cost of wage: The cost of wages/m3 will be less for a large shovel than
for a small one.
4) The combined cost of drilling, blasting and excavation of rock:
Bigger size shovel should need less expenditure on these cost as they
themselves can handle bigger rocks and thus saves the cost of drilling
and blasting.

(b) JOB / SITE CONDITIONS

The following site conditions should be consider while selecting the
size of a shovel:
1) For high lifts to dump earth from basement into trucks will require
long boom of a large shovel.
2) For excavating hard and tough bed of soil, the dipper of large shovel
which can exert greater downward pressure will be more suitable.
3) If the project time is such that it needs high hourly output, large
shovel must be preferred.
4) The size of hauling unit may determine the size of the shovel. For
smaller hauling units smaller size shovel and for large hauling units
larger size shovel should be used.

OUTPUT OF POWER SHOVEL

The output of power shovel is expressed in cubic meter per hour
based on bank-measure volume.
In every situation, the bank measure volume of the dipper must be
obtained as the average loose volume divided by 1+ swell fraction.
If no allowance is made for any lost time, then
OUTPUT OF SHOVEL
(m3/ hr)
In general cases,
OUTPUT OF SHOVEL
=

(m3/ hr)

APPLICATIONS
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Embankment Digging
Loading into Haul Units
Side Casting
Dressing Slopes
Dumping on Soil Banks
Digging Shallow Trenches