1.

2.
3.
4.

Ch13. Human Development

HDR Report 2014 (UNDP)
Infrastructure: URBAN + RURAL
General Budget 2014 provisions
All Powerpoint slides Available@

Mrunal.org/DOWNLOAD

Economy

Todays
Topics

1. Introduction

14. Statistical Appendix

Human Development
Index
1.Theory- indexes
2.Ranking 2014
3.India specific

2013: Rise of the South:

Human Progress in a Diverse
World
2014: Sustaining Human
Progress: Reducing
Vulnerability and Building
Resilience

HDI-2014
THEME

1990, Mahbub ul Haq (Pak),

Amartya Sen (India)
Index (5)
1. Human Development index
2. Inequality adjusted HDI
3. Gender Development index
4. Gender inequality
5. Poverty Multi-dimensional

HDI-2014
Theory

 human development index

(HDI) in terms of three basic
parameters:
to live a long and healthy life
to enjoy a decent economic
standard of living.
to be educated and
knowledgeable

HDI-2014
HDI formal

A. Life expectancy @Birth

B. Per capita GNI ($)
C. Education
A. Gross enrollment (1/3)
B. Adult literacy (2/3)
=======
HDI= Cube root (A x B x C)

HDI-2014
Human
Developme
nt
Index

HDI-2014
India 0.586

Human Development Index 2014

very high 0.994

1. Norway
2. Australia
3. Switzerland
4. Netherlands
5. USA

Low 0.540

1. Niger (187)
2. Congo (186)
3. central African
Republic
4. Chad
5. Sierra Leone

India and others

High (0.790)

Russia
Sri
lanka
Brazil
China

57
73

Medium (0.698)

Maldives
India

103
135

(0.586)

Bhutan
136
Banglade
142
shNepal (146)
Low: Pakistan (145),

79
91

Region wise
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Latin America
Europe
East Asia
Arab
South Asia
Sub Saharan
Africa

No Rank
1. North Korea
2. Monaco (French border)
3. San Marino (Italian
Peninsula)
4. Somalia
5. South Sudan
6. Marshall Islands
(Oceania)
7. Nauru (Oceania)
8. Tuvalu (Oceania)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Human Development index

Inequality adjusted HDI
Gender Development index
Gender inequality
Poverty Multi-dimensional

HDI-2014
Index

HDI: health + edu + income$

But internal inequality?
India Rank same

HDI-2014
Inequality
adjusted
HDI

HDI-2014
Inequality
adjusted
HDI

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Human Development index

Inequality adjusted HDI
Gender Development index
Gender inequality
Poverty Multi-dimensional

HDI-2014
Index

Stopped since 2010

= Female HDI/ Male HDI
Slovakia: 1.000 (1st Rank)
Norway: 0.997 (5th Rank)
India: 0.828 (132, HD:135)

HDI-2014
Gender
Developme
nt
Index

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Human Development index

Inequality adjusted HDI
Gender Development index
Gender inequality
Poverty Multi-dimensional

HDI-2014
Index

1. Reproductive health
1. MMR: 200/lakh
2. Adolescent birth rate:
32/1000
2. Empowerment
1. Parliament 10.9% women
2. Higher edu.
3. Economic activity
1. Labor force participation

HDI-2014
Gender
inequality

Gender inequality

0 = no inequality
1= maximum
inequality

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Human Development index

Inequality adjusted HDI
Gender Development index
Gender inequality
Poverty Multi-dimensional

HDI-2014
Index

Incidence
Intensity
1. Health
How
2. Education many
3. S.O.Living indicator
s
househol
d
MPI
lacks
= Incidence
x ?
Intensity

HDI-2014
Multi
dimension
al
Poverty

HDI-2014
Multi
dimension
al Poverty

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Human Development index

Inequality adjusted HDI
Gender Development index
Gender inequality
Poverty Multi-dimensional

HDI-2014
Index

India lowest among all BRICS

except life expectancy (South
Africa lowest)
GNI per capita: Russia > Brazil
> China > Africa > India
Life expectancy: China >
>Africa

HDI-2014
India vs
BRICS

Overall gender gap in the

world is 8%
per capita income of men is
double than women
Human development slowed
down worldwide

HDI-2014
Overall

1.Climate change
2.Conflict
3.Social unrest
4.Economic crisis

HDI-2014
4 culprits

SIX Prescription
1. Universal basic
service: health &
edu
2. 3 vulnerable stages:
1. First 1k days after
birth
2. Entering
workforce
3. leaving

3. Social protection
(80% of world lacks)
4. Full employment
(50% world informal)
5. Inclusion of women,
disabled, minorities
6. Disaster
preparedness

Spend 4% of GDP to
ensure social security,
NREGA, child-health, PH,
elderly, pension
1999 Odisha cyclone >
10k dead but 2013: <50.
thanks to Disaster
preparedness

HDI-2014
Solution4
India

Poverty
1.Gini Coefficient
2.Ranga Vs Tendu
3.Poverty Stats

Poverty
Equal
distribution

Poverty
Unequal
distribution
poorest 30%
own only 2% of
nation's wealth
richest 10%
own 50% of
nation's wealth

Poverty
Gini
Coefficient
0= equal
1= most
unequal
X 100= %
India: 33.4

Ranking
Japan, Germany
India
BRICS, USA and Switzerland

Poverty
India GINI
33.4

22nd January THEHindu (find correct)

1. World Bank publishes
A.
Gini Coefficient
2. Gini Coefficient is an
B.
internationally accepted
C.
measure of income
inequality
D.
3. Higher the Gini
Coefficient, lower the
Higher
Coeff.= higher inequality
inequality

Only
2
Only
Only
3
Only
3

1 and
2
2 and
1 and

GK

1. In India, income inequality is lower

than USA, as per Gini Coefficient.
2. Its a purely mathematical measure
of inequality within a population
3. named after Italian statistician
Corrado Gini (1912)
4. All correct
1. Skip

2. Attempt

3.

Poverty Line
1.Tendulkar
2.Rangarajan

Poverty line

Who? Planning commission

How? Monthly per capita Expenditure
From where? National Sample survey
Rural Area: 816
Urban: 1000

Tendulkar Formula, Planning Commission

41
37.2

27

21.9

2004

2011

Poverty Line

chief
Set up
by

Tendulkar
Planning
commissio
n
2005

Set up
in
Submitt 2009
ed

C.Rangarajan
Planning
commission
2012
2014

Tendu

Monthly PER
CAPITA
Expenditure

Ranga

monthly
Expenditure of
family of 5

Tendu

Ranga

Per Person
Rs.32 /day Rural
Rs. 47 /day
Urban
Monthly
household

Tendu

2011: 27 cr

Ranga

37 Cr.

Tendu

Only calorific
Value

Ranga

Calorific value
+ protein + fat

Calorie

RANGA: Protein &

Fats

Tendu

Only food

Ranga

Food + nonfood: edu,

medical,
clothing,
transport, rent

Tendu

Static: only
calorie
consumption

Ranga

Bottom 35% rural

Bottom 25% urban
Consider them BPL
Rural Rs.32/day
Urban: Rs. 47/day
$2.44 PPP

1. Human Development report

2014: theory, India's ranking
2. Gini-Coefficient
3. Poverty lines: Tendulkar vs
Rangarajan

June 2013=> reform from 2014 onwards

137=>66
10% flexifunds for states
money to State consolidated fund, NOT
implementing Agency/NGO
special category: 10%
General category: 25%
mla.prsindia.org/sites/default/files/
policy_guide/Policy%20Guide%20CSS.pdf

CSS
Restructuri
ng

1.
2.
3.
4.

Poverty alleviation
Health, women and child
Education & skill
weaker section: welfare,
protection
5. Social security
6. infrastructure: rural & urban

Schemes
CATEGORIE
S

Poverty
Removal
1.MNREGA
2.Livelihood Missions: Rural |
Urban

When? 2005
By Whom? Under Ministry of
Rural Development
not less than 100 days
Unskilled Manual work
in a financial year to every
rural household

MNREGA
BASICS

1/3rd Women
participation
Unemployment
allowance after 15 days
District level
ombudsman (State
Government)

MNREGA
BASICS

Wages :
material 60

40

MNREGA

Ratio

CPI- AL
2006: 65
2013: 132

MNREGA

WAGES

Avg. Day: 46
Women :
52.9%

MNREGA

Performan
ce
Survey13

MNREGA

Wors Performan
MNREGA BEST
ce
t
Survey13
TN ASM
Workdays
KRL
PJB
KRL
UP
% women AP
ASM
KAR

MNREGA

Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan

(NBA)
Converge
nce
ICDS=> anganwadi centres
Panchyat Yuva khel
abhiyan=>village
playcentres
watershed management
programmes

MNREGA

1. Individual bank/PO
accounts for All women Reforms
done
2. widowed, deserted,
and destitute women
identified
3. fixing schedule of
rates (SoR) for PH

1. panchayat-centric and
demand based.Not on
ground
2. Gram Sabha unaware,
Social auditNot on
ground
3. Public worksx individual
work on farm
4. Technical staff => work

MNREGA
PROBLEMs

Only a few women workers

=>big projects .X
Need to add more tourism
related infra

MNREGA
PROBLEMs

1. More productive
2. Asset creating
3. Agriculture linked

Budget
2014

MNREGA

Poverty
Removal
1.MNREGA
2.Livelihood Missions: Rural |
Urban

Aajeevika

Who? Rural Development

Ministry
Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar
Yojana (SGSY) 1999
National Rural Livelihood
Mission (NRLM)
Lift family from abject poverty
2024: one woman in SHG from
each household (preferably
woman)

Aajeevika
BASICS

Good: agarbatti, pottery,

tailoring
Infra. Investment >> scope of
activity

Aajeevika
Problem?

Loan Before 2014

to
wom
en
SHG
4%
In 150 most
backward
district
7%

Remaining

after

Budget
2014

Aajeevika

+100
more
added =
250
same

Start Up Village
Entrepreneurship Programme
for rural youth (100 cr. Given)

Budget
2014
Poverty
Removal

Poverty
Removal
1.MNREGA
2.Livelihood Missions: Rural |
Urban

NRUM

Who? Ministry of Housing &

Urban poverty alleviation, 2013
Swarnajayanti Sahari
Swarojgar Yojana
National urban livelihoods
mission

NRUM
BASICS

1. SHG
2. Street vendors (Credit + skill)
3. Shelter to homeless

NRUM
Benefits?

1. Human Development report

2014: theory, India's ranking
2. Gini-Coefficient
3. Poverty lines: Tendulkar vs
Rangarajan
4. Poverty Removal:
1. MNREGA
2. Livelihood missions: (Rural +
Urban)

Weaker sections
Women & Children
1.Acts, Policy
2.Schemes

W&C

1. 70% of population = Woman + Children

2. 2005: Gender budgeting
3. 2012: Protection of Children from
Legal
Sexual Offences (POSCO) Act
Dig
2013:
PRSIndia.org
4. Sexual Harassment of Women at
Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Related: JJ
Redressal) Act
Act
5. Criminal Law (Amendment) Act
6. Committee under Dr. Pam Rajput status
of women in India (2 years)

1974: National Policy for children

2003: National Charter for Children
2013: National Policy for children
<18 as child
Nodal Agency: Ministry of Women
and Child Development (MWCD)
National plan > State > District >
Local
Action groups to monitor
implementation

W&C
National
Children
Policy

Priority: Survival, health,

nutrition, development, education,
protection and participation
protect children from all water
borne, vector borne, blood born &
other diseases
Education: PH, malnutrition
Related: 2001 National policy for
empowerment of Women

W&C
National
Children
Policy

Weaker sections
Women & Children
1.Acts, Policy
2.Schemes

Safety in public transport (50)

Safety in large cities (MHA,
150)
Rape crisis Management
centres in hospitals of Delhi
School Syllabus: Gender
Mainstreaming
National program on
Malnutrition (6months)

Budget
2014

WOME
N

Census 2001: Gujarat child

sex rate 883/1000
Mehsana: 798/1000
2005: Modi, world womens
day
enforcement of the Pre Natal
Diagnostic Technique Act, PNDT
Act
State monitoring agency

Budget2014

Beti
Bachao

Awareness campaign Beti

Bachao
Training for Anganwadi
workers
Community social gathering,
marriage: vows Patidar,
Chaudhary samaj
Workshops by NGOs, Gujarat
HC, spiritual leaders

Budget2014

Beti
Bachao

Success? (0-6 years)

2001=883
2005: scheme started
2011: 890

Budget2014

Beti
Bachao

Weaker sections
Women & Children
1.Acts, Policy
2.Schemes:
3.http://wp.me/p2tsJl-1JA
4.ICDS => Health
5.MDM, SSA=> Education

Health Related
1.GK Statistics
2.National Health profile
2013
3.Schemes, Budget

Total fertility rate

# of children born to a woman
2.4 (current)
Target: 2.1 (Replacement
level)

Health
TFR

Maternal mortality ratio

Per 1 lakh live births
Within 42 days
178 (Census); 200 (UNDP)

Health
MMR

Before 1st Bday/ Per

1000 live birth
Rural (46); Urban (28);
Total (42)
BEST Kerala
Worst: MP, ASM, ODS,UP

Health

IMR

Child Mortality Rate

(0-4) year kids / 1000 children
India: 11

Health

CMR

Health

Birth: 21.6 / 1000

Rates
KRL <<BIHAR
Death: 7 / 1000
MH,
WB<..<ODS

@Birth
Total 66.1
Male 64.6
Female 67.7

Health

Life
Exp

Decadal Population growth

rate
India 17.7%
Lowest Kerala 5%
Highest: BHR (25)

Health

Pop.
Growt
h

All India:
943/1000
Kerala 1084, TN,
AP
Haryana: 879

Health

SEX
RATIO

(0-6) age / 1000

kids
All India 914
Constant decline
since 71

Health

Childre
n
SEX
RATIO

Health Related
1.GK Statistics
2.National Health profile
2013
3.Schemes
4.Budget

Health Min => Central bureau

of Health intelligence
Comprehensive database
Policy making, tracking MDG

Health
National
Profile
2013

125 Cr. People

~9 lakh doctors (Allopathic)
~6 lakh beds
Next 6 years: 21% rise in
Cancer
IMR: Manipur: 10; Rajasthan:
49
Gujarat most death from
swine flu

Health
National
Profile
2013

Health Related
1.GK Statistics
2.National Health profile
2013
3.Schemes, Budget

12 FYP: 200% increase

1.4% GDP on health
Act bills schemes
http://wp.me/p2tsJl-1Ec
th

SCHEMES
BASIC

National
Urban
Health
Mission
(NUHM)
Cities
more >50k
population

National
Rural
Health
mission
(NRHM)
upto 50k
population
ASHA

SCHEMES

Health
Mission
s

SCHEMES

1. better infrastructure
Health
2. drugs and equipment
Mission
3. human resources

Janani
Suraksha
Institution
al
deliveries

Janani
Shishu
Suraksha

Free drugs,
Diet
Medical
Mother and childcheckup
tracking
system (MCTS)

SCHEMES

RCH

Good infra but bad location

Road connectivity
women safety
Staff Shortage
Solution: PPP

Fodder

Health

1. Only focus on primary health

centres
2. Success measured in
inputs.$$, Beds, Ambulance
3. Not in reduction:
4. diarrhea, malaria, child and
infant mortality
5. shift public spending: Hygiene,
nutrition:

Fodder

HEALT
H

Health Related
1.GK Statistics
2.National Health profile
2013
3.Schemes
4.Budget 2014

National Rural Drinking Water

Programme
Under health ministry
20,000 habitations affected with
arsenic, fluoride, heavy/ toxic
elements, pesticides/ fertilizers
Via community water purification
plants
Timeframe? next 3 years (3600 cr
given)

Budget
2014
Safe

drinking
water

Health 4 ALL
the two key
initiatives
Free Drug Service
Free Diagnosis
Service

Elderly
National Institutes
of Ageing will be set
up at
AIIMS, New Delhi
Madras Medical
College, Chennai.

Food n Drug

Additional money
for modernizing
state labs for
checking drugs and
foods.

Rural Health
Research
15 new institutions.
local health issues
concerning rural
population

Dental
A national level
higher dental
studies inst.
dental facilities in
all the hospitals.

Sarkaari Colleges

Present: 58
Future: 12 new

Pradhan Mantri Swasthya

Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY)
AIIMS institution
6 Done
4 new proposed

Budget
2014
PMSSY

Already
finished

Proposed (500
cr)

1.Jodhpur
1.Andhra
2.Bhopal
Pradesh
3.Patna
2.West
4.Rishikesh
Bengal
5.Bhubanes 3.Vidarbha
war
in
6.Raipur
Maharasht

Budget
2014

PMSSY
AIIMS

1.
2.
3.
4.

HDR: 2014, Gini-Coefficient

Poverty lines, Schemes
Women Children
Health