PRESTRESS

CONCRETE

Prestress Theory and

Introduction

Prestressing Concrete Process

Prestressed concrete is achieved by stretching high strength steel
cables, or strands, between two fixed abutments, then casting
concrete on a form that is placed between the abutments.
The concrete is allowed to cure, which creates a bond between the
cables and the concrete.
After the curing process, the cables are cut free of the abutments,
causing the cables to try to relax, thus compressing the concrete.

TENDON

THE DETAILS
- 254 mm (10 in) Hollow core slabs / 902 sq.m
- 200 mm (8 in) Precast walls / 674 sq.m
- 300 mm (12 in) Structural precast solid slabs
/ 26 sq.m.
- Precast balcony slabs / 74 sq.m.
- Precast stairs & landings / 31 sq.m
Precaster: Prestressed Systems Inc.
Engineer: Haddad, Morgan and Assoc.
Contractor: Amicone Design Build Inc.
Architect: MMA Architects Inc

The ability to produce the precast,

prestressed products off site and
the fast installation process
allowed the superstructure of this
building to be completed prior to
the harsh winter months by a
single supplier. The precast
construction provided a precise
schedule, allowing subsequent
trades to work without
experiencing any weather delays.
The faster construction schedule
resulted in a better return on
investment for the owner and an
earlier move in date for the
tenants.

transportation

Virtual Reality Image of

Prestressed Concrete Bridge
Construction

Prestressed Concrete Storage

Tanks

Tank Construction:

Tanks are constructed by erecting precast and prestressed concrete wall panels on a circular
reinforced concrete foundation base. The cylindrical tank walls are then postensioned
circumferentially with greased and PVC coated super strands housed within a PVC ducts.
When postensioning is complete a reinforced concrete upstand ring beam is cast on both sides
of wall panel at intersection of wall panel and foundation base.
A concrete roof can be provided using a grid system of precast concrete columns and spine
beams which are then spanned with flat precast and prestressed concrete roof panels to cover
entire roof area

Prestressed concrete

containment vessel (PCCV)

Prestressed Strand
The product is mainly used as auxiliary reinforcing strand for
concrete structure e.g. long spanned bridge on railway and
highway, overhead crane beam, rock and earth anchoring
construction, multirloor industrial building etc

PC Strand
Unbonded Pc Strand
Prestressed Strand
low Relaxation Pc Strand
Strip
Cold-rolled Strip
Hot Galvanized Strip
Prestressed Concrete Steel Wire
Hot-dip Galvanizing Thin-walled Tube

P
L
A
N
T

A survey was conducted of pre-1950 beam and slab bridges in the state of
Tennessee. The types of bridges found were concrete slab, through girder,
deck girder (steel, concrete and timber), and culverts. Simple, continuous and
cantilever span types were identified. Tennessee was the home of the first
continuous concrete girder bridge and the first prestressed concrete bridge
opened to traffic in the United States

The remaining five steel caret- or wedge-shaped

pylons that support the orthotropic steel Millau
Viaduct with cable stays were prefabricated and
then moved into place using high-tech selfpropelled modular transporters (SPMTs) like the
one shown here. Photo: Groupe EIFFAGE.

Two construction workers

secure one of the FRP deck
panels on West Virginia's
Howell's Mill Bridge. All the
prefabricated panels were
placed in just 3 days.
Building the Linn Cove Viaduct from the top down
obviated a significant footprint on ecologically rich

Pre-tensioned concrete
Pre-tensioned concrete is manufactured
with steel cables or bars, called tendons,
that have been pulled taut before the
concrete is cast into shapes. The steel,
even when the member is not loaded, is
pulling the concrete together. Pretensioned concrete is manufactured in
many of the same shapes as pre-cast,
reinforced concrete

Post-tensioned concrete
Post-tensioned concrete achieves the
same result by running steel tendons
through specially designed ducts in the
concrete member, then pulling them taut
and fastening them in the field. Posttensioned concrete is most commonly used
in large building projects such as highrises
and bridges. Post-tensioned concrete
slabs-on-grade also can be found where
there are unusual soil conditions

Prestressed concrete
In standard reinforced concrete, the surface of the concrete that is in tension should always be expected to crack.
Tension will cause the steel rebar to lengthen slightly. However, as the concrete is weak in tension, it will crack
rather than stretch.
Prestressed concrete, like reinforced concrete, is a steel/concrete composite. However, rather than letting steel
resist the tension loads, prestressed concrete changes the areas of concrete that are normally in tension into
areas of compression. This is done by bonding or attaching the concrete to steel that is under significant tension.
The tensioned steel squeezes the concrete so much that the entire concrete section is under compression and
is, therefore, less likely to crack. Pre-stressed concrete can be created either by pre-tensioning or post-tensioning
the reinforcing steel

Prestressed Concrete Wall

Panels

prestressed concrete panels are used to form walls in

warehouses and distribution centres, industrial units,
storage bunkers. bulk storage buildings, above and
below ground water tanks, recycling facilities,
waste transfer stations, salt stores & fertiliser stores as
well as all types of agricultural buildings.

 we have complete control over the quality on

concrete used. Cast in moulds of up to 70m long
means that the length of the panels can be infinitely
variable to suit our customers requirements
(practicalities permitting of course!)

Installation of Precast Concrete

Wall Panels
1/ Horizontally Panels supported
by stanchions &
installed
horizontally
across the bay
width, placed
either on the face
or between the
webs of the
stanchions.

 2/ Vertically - A vertical cantilever configuration with a portion

of the preecast concrete panel below finished floor level, tied
into the foundation concrete with reinforcing bars. No above
ground steel support is required.

PRESTRESSED
CONCRETE
SPECIAL
INSPECTOR

APPLICATION

 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE FOUNDATION PILES:

Foundation piles can either be friction or bearing
piles. Prestressed piles offer many advantages. It
has a higher strength and bearing capacity.
Although the surrounding soil dictates its
capacity, prestressed piles developed minor
cracks during handling and excessive driving.

 PRESTRESSED CONCRETE SHEET

PILES:Prestressed sheet piles are efficient for slope
protection, revetments and marginal wharves. It
contained earth and other backfilling material at high
moment capacity ensuring long-life slope protection
structures and durability

0.152M PRESTRESSED CONCRETE U-BEAM FLOOR/ROOF

UNITS:Prestressed slabs can be utilized for longer span up to 6.00
meters long without deflection. Camber can be controlled by
providing prestressed wire on the top fiber of the slab. Commercial
buildings with load requirement of 150 psf are proven to be
economical and faster to install using prestressed concrete u-beam
floor/roof units than conventional concrete slab having the same
load capacity.

POST-TENSIONED AASHTO BRIDGE I-GIRDERS:Diverse

application of post-tensioning on bridges develop very rapidly
and achieve a simple span of 46.00 meters.This allows no
obstruction on river flow due to elimination of intermediate
pier. A plant casted bridge I-girder 46.00 meters long can be
divided into segments for ease of handling, delivery and
erection at site and post-tensioned later after properly align
and position at bridge seat

 POST-TENSIONED BUILDINGS - LONGER SPANS: Posttensioning offers longer span beams, hence a much
wider space and column-free area. Applicable to any
commercial buildings and high load-rating structures,
with post-tensioning, a slim, long span beam offers
high-capacity and high-load rating ensuring a much
safer and durable building structural beam components
and a wide rentable area for the building owner.

PILE DRIVING FOUNDATION SYSTEM: Foundations relying on

driven piles often have groups of piles connected by a pile cap (a
large concrete block into which the heads of the piles are
embedded) to distribute loads which are larger than one pile can
bear. Pile caps and isolated piles are typically connected with
grade beams to tie the foundation elements together; lighter
structural elements bear on the grade beams while heavier
elements bear directly on the pile cap.

WATER TANK

Tanks are prestressed concrete

storage tanks reinforced with posttensioning tendons (governed by
ACI 350 and AWWA D115). This
method actively reinforces the
structure and significantly
enhances its watertightness and
long-term durability. DuraStor
Tanks can be constructed in many
shapes to suit project needs
there are no practical limitations.
Tanks have been constructed with
capacities up to 30,000,000
gallons.

APPLICATION OF
STRAND

Supporting Cables for Extradosed bridges

Supporting
Cables for
Extradosed
bridges

External Tendons
Pre-stressed concrete box

External Tendons

Cables for earth-retaining construction.

Rewinding of
SUPRO Strand

Unwinding of PC
stranded wire

MACHINERY

AUTOCLAVED
AERATED
CONCRETE

manufacturer of prestressed
concrete floor-slabs and
staircases for houses, roofs,
schools, factories, offices,
mezzanines and garages, plus
many other applications.

Post
Tensioning
Tube
Machine
Specification: This Spiral Corruated Post-Tension Tube/ Pipe Making
Machine is special for producing round & flat corrugated ducts used
in expressway, bridge, train and large-span post-tension concrete
project. The prestressed Protection.....

Post-tension Corrugated
Pipemachine

This is machine is special for producing round & flat corrugated

pipes used in expressway, bridge, train and large-span post-tension
concrete project. It is suitalbe for both indoor and site work. It is of
high speed and better material utilization.

Pre-stressed Concrete Pole Steel

Mould
We are (Hopeland International Trading Co.Ltd.)the
professional manufacture of Circle Prestressed Electric
Pole Steel Mould and Centrifugal Machine. We have
engaged in this area for many years and own the
abundant production experience and prefect.....

Sell PC
Strand
Our company is a
professional
manufacturer of PC
steel strand in China,
Here following are
the list of our
products: Low
relaxation
prestressed
concrect steel strand
Coated/ unbonded
and uncoated/
bonded are available
As per GB/ T52242003, ASTM.....

Prestressed Plastic (HDPE)

Corrugated Pipe Extrusion Line
Features and application: 1. Round pipe and flat pipe are
available. 2. This line has filled the technical gap in this
field in China. 3. Pipe diameter range: 50160 mm 4. The
corrugated pipes widely used in concrete project for
building highway.....

Glass Beads For Shot Blasting

High quality glass Beads at competitve prices from China. Glass

beads have perfect spheres with a smooth, brilliant surface,
chemically inert, widely used in wet or dry method for prestressing
shot peening, cleaning, trimming, surface finishing, .....

Prestressing Plastic Corrugated

Pipe Machine

Prestressing plastic corrugated pipe machine Advantages

After the bored materials are damaged, slurry is last barrier of
prestressing steel materials in prestressing concrete structure.
While plastic corrugated pipe is one kind.....

Pc Strand
pc strand are mainly used for prestressed concrete
structure reinforced. Such as large-span bridges on
railway and highway, overhead crane beam, rock-soil
anchoring Project, multi-storey industrial buildings,
stadiums, coal mines and etc. pc strand.....

Sell Prestressed Concrete Wire &

Strand

Prestressed concrete steel strands (1)Constructions: 1 x 3; 1 x 7

(2)Dia:9.3mm-17.8mm (3)Grade:250, 270 (4)Standard: ASTM A416
BS5869 (5)Tensile Strength:1570Mpa-1860Mpa Prestressed
concrete steel.....

HDPE Prestressed Corrugated

Pipe Extrusion Line

1.Round pipe and flat pipe are available. 2.This line has filled the
technical gap in this field in China. 3.Pipe diameter range:50-160
mm 4.The corrugated pipes widely used in concrete project for
building highway overpass, the .....

Pc Wire/prestressed Concrete
Wire/steel Wire

Global Overseas Group had set up a joint venture with Yantai Sket
factory, specializing in producing and exporting prestressed
concrete strand and wire to more than 40 countries. For pc wire, we
have three types as: Plain Round PC Wire Indented.....

800mm Wall Saw Blade For

Prestress Concrete: Laser Saw
Blade

Laser welded wall saw blade and floor saw blade, enable sawing in
materials such as steel, concrete and other building materials, large
dimension sawing such as pipes and tubes. Run on electric tracking
machine, air or hydraulic saws, such as.....

Pre-stressed Concrete Pole Steel

Mould
We are (Hopeland International Trading Co., Ltd.)the
professional manufacture of Circle Prestressed Electric
Pole Steel Mould and Centrifugal Machine. We have
engaged in this area for many years and own the
abundant production experience and prefect.....

R32 Prestressed Rock Bolt

Prestressed Rock Bolt Type:R25, R27, R32
O.D.:25mm, 27mm, 32mm Tensile Strength:150,
180, 230 Thread type:Left Accessories:Plate, Nut,
coupling, expansion anchor bits

The Low Relaxation Prestressed

Concrete Steel Bar
The Low Relaxation Prestressed Concrete Steel Bar
Grade: 30MnSi Size: 7.1, 9.0, 10.7, 12.6 The
original material of PC BAR Chemical composition of
30MnSi C Si Mn P S Cu .....

The Precast Prestressed Concrete

Pavement System
A closeup of a tongueand-groove keyway

PPCP panel being placed over polyethylene sheet

placed over a base.

PPCP installation along I-10 in El Monte, California.

Installation
of the
precast
prestressed
concrete
pavement
system in
Georgetown,
Texas.

. Installation of the precast panels at the Missouri project (left, staging of trucks and installation crane; center,
final post-tensioning; right, completed project).

Installation of the
PPCP bridge
approach on SR 60
(left and center,
installation of
precast bridge
approach slab; right,
completed approach
slab).

Prestressed Steel Cylinder Concrete Pipe Corrosion Failure

Prestressed Concrete
Pipe can suffer
accelerated corrosion
where either the cement
mortar cover is damaged,
the pipe is in contact with
chloride contaminated or
low pH soils or is
influenced by stray DC
currents. This form of
corrosion can result in
sudden, bursting failure of
the pipe.

HISTORY OF PRESTRESS
CONCRETE

PRESTRESS EXAMPLS IN
NATURE

There were three inventions that gave us the bicycle wheel

as we know it today - each is associated with an application
of prestressing to a structural system. The first and most
obvious is the tensioned spokes - the rider's weight is
carried from the forks to the ground not by hanging off the
top spokes, but by reducing the pretension in the lower
spokes - only a couple of spokes are carrying the load at any
one time. The second is the pneumatic tyre, where the
compressive load is carried to the ground by reducing the
tension in the sidewall. The air pressure in the tyre does not
change when the load is applied. The final prestressing
system is the tyre cord, which is shorter than the perimeter
of the rim. The cord is thus in tension, holding the tyre on the
rim, which enables the pretension in the sidewalls to be
reacted. A paper describes these systems and the tests
that were carried out.

Behaviour of Cantilevered Stone Staircases- Active

There are many 18th and 19th century buildings which
cantilevered stone staircases. They are made of brittle
stone of unknown quality; they are often on means of
escape and sometimes in public buildings, but the
mechanism by which they carry load is uncertain. There
is a widespread belief that they work by carrying forces
down the flight to the base, with the wall providing only
torsional restraint, but some flights are very long and
there are some which spiral down many storeys. There
are also horizontal cantilevered landings which cannot
behave in this way. Engineers are being asked to sign
certificates to say that these staircases are "safe" which
means putting their PII on the line. Our study, in
conjunction with Price and Myers has involved tests on
stine in torsion and also dynamic tests on staircases
and landings in a Cambridge college.