POINTS TO DISCUSS : Possible Thermal Interactions

Types of radiation phenomenon in ABAQUS

How to model conduction and radiation in ABAQUS
Explicit ?
Some results from the Radiation analysis (Fully Coupled
Thermal Analysis)

THERMAL INTERACTION : Thermal Interaction at a surface of body - Conductance,

Heat Generation, Convection and Radiation
Conductance When the heat transfer takes place
between surfaces of two materials (can be same/different)
Heat Generation This is typically the heat generated due
to friction in fully coupled thermal analysis
Convection heat transfer between the surface of the
member and surrounding medium/fluid
Radiation Heat transfer between surfaces when the
surfaces are separated by a narrow gap

CONDUCTANCE : It is an extrinsic property (i.e. not an inherent material property,

depends on the dimensions of model to be analysed)
The conductive heat transfer between the two surfaces is defined
as

q heat flux per unit area crossing the interface from point A to point
B
Point A - node on slave surface; Point B node on master surface
k gap conductance

GAP CONDUCTANCE : It has been observed that most of the materials have
some surface roughness (under microscopic scale).
Hence, the interface between two materials
Heat transfer occurs because solids are in contact, and
relatively in few places, voids may contain fluid (air,
water etc.) where the thermal conductivity is less than
that of solid.

GAP CONDUCTANCE : The default specification in ABAQUS is to make the gap

conductance k as a function of clearance d.
The tabular data must start at zero clearance (closed
gap) and define k as clearance d decreases. At least
two pairs of k-d data must be given
After the last data point, the value of k drops to zero.
So when the clearance is greater than the value
corresponding to last data point, there will be no heat
conductance.

CONDUCTION IN ABAQUS/EXPLICIT (FOR FULLY

COUPLED THERMAL ANALYSIS)

CONDUCTION PARAMETERS

RADIATION
Radiation is transfer of heat between two surfaces in
separation, through a participating medium.

where
Stefan Boltzmann constant,
, - emissivities of materials A and B
F view vactor

REF:- ABAQUS ANALYSIS USER GUIDE,

THERMAL CONTACT PROPERTIES, CLAUSE
37.2.

RADIATION
In ABAQUS, two types of radiation are possible
Gap Radiation
Heat transfer between two surfaces, which are in close
proximity/ very narrow gap
Radiation property is assigned in General Contact property in
Interaction Module
Possible in Fully coupled thermal analysis (Standard and
Explicit)

Cavity Radiation
Heat transfer between surfaces which are not in close proximity
Only possible in Heat Transfer Analysis (Uncoupled), and
Coupled-thermal-electrical analysis

View factor : It is defined as fraction of radiation leaving one surface

(say i ) that is intercepted by another surface (say j )

REF:- FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT TRANSFER,

INCROPRA

DERIVING EQUATION FOR VIEW

FACTOR
Rate at which radiation leaves the first surface and is
intercepted by
or

Assuming the surface is both a diffuse emitter and

diffuse reflector
REF:- FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT TRANSFER,
INCROPRA

DERIVING EQUATION FOR VIEW

FACTOR
Integrating over respective areas and

View factor is represented as

Final equation of view factor is

REF:- FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT TRANSFER,

INCROPRA

VIEW FACTORS FOR 2D GEOMETRIES

:-

REF:- FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT TRANSFER,

INCROPRA

VIEW FACTORS FOR 2D GEOMETRIES

:-

REF:- FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT TRANSFER,

INCROPRA

VIEW FACTORS FOR 3D GEOMETRIES :-

REF:- FUNDAMENTALS OF HEAT TRANSFER,

INCROPRA

RADIATION PROPERTY IN ABAQUS :-

RADIATION PARAMETERS FOR

INPUT :-

RADIATION VIEW FACTORS USED :S.NO

VIEW
FACTOR

CLEARANC
E

0.994

0.99

0.98

0.974

10

0.95

20

0.904

40

0.883

50

0.834

75

10

0.789

100

11

0.642

200

12

0.389

500

13

0.21

1000

14

1500

GENERAL RULES AS PER EUROCODE

: As
per Clause 3.1 of EN 1991-1-1:2002, thermal actions are
given by net heat flux of the member
Net heat flux is determined by considering both convection

and radiation as
Net convective heat flux is given as
Net radiative heat flux is given as

GENERAL RULES AS PER EUROCODE

CONTD..
On the exposed side of member, the convective heat
transfer coefficient is taken as 25 W/m2.K (for nominal
fire temperature curve ASTM E119, ISO 834)
On the unexposed side of the member, the convective
heat transfer coefficient is taken as 9 W/m2.K when the
radiation effect is considered, and 4 W/m2.K otherwise.
As per Clause 2.2 of EN 1994-1-2:2005, emissivity
coefficient of concrete and steel is taken as = 0.7

ABAQUS Model :-

Concrete Slab
1500mm long,
120mm x 500mm
rectangular cross
section
Element used:Solid C3D8RT
Steel Deck
500 mm wide,
1500mm long
5mm thick
Element used :Shell S4RT
Aim:- To observe
radiation phenomenon
happening from Steel
Deck to Concrete Slab

Some Results from the Radiation

Analysis Concrete slab

Some Results from the Radiation

Analysis Concrete Slab

Some Results from the Radiation

Analysis Steel Deck

Some Results from the Radiation

Analysis Steel Deck Displacement

Temperature vs. Time

900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500

Temperature (in C)

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

2.5

7.5

10

12.5

15

17.5

20

22.5

Fire Exposure Time (in min)

Steel Deck

Concrete Slab - Bottom Node

Concrete Slab - Node above bottom surface

25

27.5

30

Some Results from the Radiation

Analysis Steel Slab

Some Results from the Radiation

Analysis Steel Slab

Some Results from the Radiation

Analysis Steel Deck

Some Results from the Radiation

Analysis Steel Deck Displacement

Temperature vs. Time

900
850
800
750
700
650
600
550
500

Temperature (in C)

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

2.5

7.5

10

12.5

15

17.5

20

Fire Exposure Time (in min)

Steel Deck

Steel Slab - Bottom Node

Steel Slab - Node above bottom surface

22.5

25

27.5

30