Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of
WELDS
INSPECTION
An item or component or product
which is manufactured is required
to perform certain function.The act
of checking whether it actually
does so or not is inspection.
TYPES OF INSPECTION
IMPORTANCE OF
VISUAL INSPECTION
VISION REQUIREMENT
NEAR VISION
COLOUR VISION
Visual Inspection
Before Welding
Dimensions
Fit up
Surface condition damage, rust, paint etc.
Lamination in welding edge
Visual Inspection
Before Welding
Review drawings & Spec.
Check qualification of procedure, welders,
consumables, machines
Establish check points
Recording of result plan
Review of materials to be used
Base metal discontinuities
Fit up & alignment
Pre - heat
Visual Inspection
Before Welding
JOINT FIT UP
Groove Angle
Joint Alignment
Backing
Consumable Insert
Joint cleanliness
Tack welds
Pre heat
VISUAL TESTING
During Welding
Quality of root weld bead
Inter - layer NDT
Visual Inspection
After Welding
Visual Inspection
Welding Discontinuities
Surface Porosity
Incomplete Fusion
Incomplete
Penetration
Undercut
Overlap
Crack
Slag Inclusion
Excess
Reinforcement
CRACKS
2,10,13
2,5,1
13 3
12
1
11
2,5,8,13
11,3
6
7,13
9,12
FILLET WELDS
Actual Throat
Convexity
Leg &
Size
Effective Throat
Theoretical Throat
Concavity
Leg &
Size
Leg
Size
Theoretical Throat
Leg
Size
OVERLAP
UNDERFILL
INCOMPLETE
PENETRATION
LACK OF FUSION
REINFORCEMENT
Weld Face
Face
Reinforcement
Root
Reinforcement
Weld Toe
Temperature Measurement
For checking the Pre heat , Post heat and
Inter pass temperature
Thermal chalk
Melting
Color Changing
Thermal crayons
Thermo couples
Visual Inspection
May or may not use accessories
Gauges for identifying the dimensions of
surface
Magnifying glasses
Borescope for internal inspection
Thermal chalks, Thermocouple, for the
temperature measurement
Etching for checking surface condition
Accessories for VT
Magnifiers
Surface comparator
Measuring magnifier
Low, Medium, high power magnifiers
Borescopes
Rigid
Flexible
Video
Accessories for VT
Machine vision technology
Computer aided
Automatic
Image processing
Replication
Cellulose acetate
Fracture surface analysis
Microstructure
Strain replication
Accessories for VT
Etchants
Reveals welds, gain boundaries, segregation,
laps, seams, cracks, HAZ
Methods Immersion, swabbing
Parameters Etching time, Temperature
Etching
For identification of gross
metallurgical discontinuity
such as in welds.
For detecting the surface
opening Fore runner to
Penetrant Testing
Different Etchants available
for different metals
Accessories for VT
WELD GAGE
Weld Profiles
Reinforcement
R < 2.3 mm
3-4.7 mm
< 3.0 mm
4.7 - 13
< 3.9 mm
Advantages &
Disadvantages
Advantages
Simple
Less training required
Relatively less costly equipment
Disadvantages
Slow
Inspector Fatigue is more
Surrounding environmental factors are
important