Indoor & Outdoor Air

Pollution

Student Number: 109109072

Overview
Health Effects of Air Pollution- Indoor &
Outdoor
o Disease Burden- Indoor & Outdoor

Outdoor Air Pollution

o Guidelines, Legislation & Agreements
o Precautionary Principle

Indoor Air Pollution

o Disease Burden
o Energy Ladder
o Solutions

Outdoor Air Pollution

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ikahv9ljpBc

Health Effects of Air

Pollution
Low birth weight
Adverse
pregnancy
outcomes

IHD

Lung,
nasopharynge
al,
Laryngeal CA

Smith,1993

EU Legislation
The Ambient Air Quality and Cleaner Air for
Europe (CAFE) Directive was transposed into
Irish legislation by the Air Quality Standards
Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 180 of 2011).

International: Kyoto
Protocol
37 industrialized
countries and the
European Community have committed to
reducing their emissions by an average of
5 percent against 1990 levels over the
five-year period 2008-2012.

The Precautionary
Principle

Indoor Air Pollution (IAP)

Statistics
3 billion people cook and heat their homes burning
biomass (wood, animal dung and crop waste) and coal.
2 million deaths annually
41 million disability adjusted life years worldwide 2008.
2.7 % global burden of disease
56% of IAP deaths among children under five
1 million people a year die from chronic obstructive
respiratory disease (COPD) due to indoor air pollution
Both women and men exposed to heavy indoor smoke
are 2-3 times more likely to develop COPD.
Kills 1 person every 16 seconds

Source: World Health Organisation 2006

Disease burden (DALYs) due to indoor air pollution by level of

development - 2004

Source: World Health Organisation 2004

Indoor Air PollutionSolutions

Energy Ladder

Source: World Health Organisation

Coming clean: modern fuels, modern

stoves

UN Sustainable Energy for Al

3 objectives to be achieved by 2030
1.Providing universal access to modern
energy services.
2.Doubling the global rate of improvement
in energy efficiency.
3.Doubling the share of renewable energy in
the global energy mix.

References

Bruce, N, Perez-Padilla, R & Albalak, R. (2000) The health effects of indoor air pollution exposure in
developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2000, 78:10781092.

McMichael, A.J (2000)The urban environment and health in a world of increasing globalisation: issues for
developing countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organisation, 78, 1117- 11126.

Smith, K.R (1993) Fuel Combustion Air Pollution, Exposure and Health: the Situation in Developing
Countries, Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 18: 529-566.

Sovacool, B (2012) The Political economy of energy poverty: A review of key challenges, Energy for
Sustainable Development, 16 (2012) 272-282.

United Nations Development Program. (2010) Human development report 2010. New York: United
Nations.

United Nations Sustainable Energy for All (available on http://www.sustainableenergyforall.org/about-us,

last visited 11th November 2012)

World Health Organization. (2002) .World Health Report 2002. Geneva: World Health Organization.

World Health Organization (2004) Outdoor Air Pollution, Assessing the environmental Burden of Disease
at National and Local level, Geneva: World Health Organization

World Health Organization (2005) WHO air quality guidelines: global update 2005. Geneva: World Health
Organization (available on: http://www.who.int/phe/health_topics/outdoorair_aqg/en/, last visited 9th
November 2012)

World Health Organization (2012) Global Burden of Disease due to indoor air pollution. Geneva: World
Health Organization( available on: http://www.who.int/indoorair/health_impacts/burden_global/en/, last
visited 11th November 2012)

World Health Organization (2006). Fuel for life: household energy and health. Geneva: World Health
Organization