9.

1 MATAHARI
CIRI-CIRI MATAHARI
- Saiz ialah : Diameter lebih kurang 109
kali diameter bumi
- Jisim : 333420 kali jisim Bumi
- Suhu permukaan : 5000 0C hingga
6000 0C

9.1 : MATAHARI
Struktur matahari :
- Terdiri daripada 3 lapisan :
i) Fotosfera
- Cakera cerah matahari dan merupakan tompok matahari
- Prominen dan nyalaan suria berlaku dipermukaan ini.
- Lapisan yang boleh dilihat daripada bumi
ii) Kromosfera
- Atmosfera matahari
- Hanya boleh dilihat semasa gerhana matahari
iii) Korona
- Atmosfera matahari
- Hanya boleh dilihat semasa gerhana matahari

9.1 MATAHARI
Fenomena Yang Berlaku Dipermukaan Matahari
I ) Tompok Matahari
ii) Prominen
iii) Nyala Suria

Tompok Matahari
Terdiri daripada gas yang menyala
Kelihatan gelap kerana lebih sejuk
daripada kawasan sekeliling
(fenomena sejuk 3000)

PROMINEN
Awan gas yang dipancutkan oleh
Matahari
Berlingkar-lingkar ke angkasa seperti
pancutan air

NYALA SURIA
Satu letupan gas dipermukaan
Matahari
Satu letupan cahaya yang kuat dalam
kromosfera
Menghantar keluar semburan zarahzarah elektrik ke angkasa.

The Pleiades, an open cluster of stars in the

constellation of Taurus. NASA photo

- Bintang ialah suatu sfera gas cerah dan panas

yang besar
- Matahari ialah bintang
- Bintang boleh dikelaskan mengikut saiz seperti
berikut :
Kerdil Putih, Matahari, Bintang Raksasa, Bintang Super Raksasa

Bertambah Saiz

Pancaran Nebula TriangulumNGC 604

terletak di dalam lengan berputar
Galaksi M33, yang terletak sejauh 2.7 juta

THE FORMATION AND DEATH OF STARS

Stars come into existence in the vast

clouds of dust and gas called nebulas that
move through space
A star begins to form when a large
number of gas particles whirl together
The weak gravitational force of the
whirling particles attracts more particles
As the group of particles slowly gets
larger and larger, the gravitational force
gets stronger and stronger

-The particles draw in towards one another and

form a ball of gas
- As the number of gas particles in the ball
grows larger, pressure builds up inside the ball.
- Finally the pressure becomes strong enough to
raise the temperature of the gases and the
gases begin to glow
- When the pressure and temperature inside the
ball get high, nuclear reaction begins to take
place. The gases have become STAR.
- When a giant star dies, it leaves behind a
WHITE DWARF. A white dwarf is small and
dense star with low intrinsic brightness.

-When a supergiant star begins to die, it

explodes, leaving behind a neutron star and
black hole
a) A neutron star is a dense celestial
object, consisting of closely packed
neutrons.
b) A black hole is a celestial object with
strong gravitational force that light cannot
escape from it.

Image of "Star Birth" Clouds in M16:

The Crab Nebula, remnants of a

supernova
that was first observed around 1050 AD

BLACK HOLE
IMAGE

1. Galaxies are vast islands of stars scattered

through
the universe.
2. Three types of galaxies:
i) Elliptical Galaxies
ii) Spiral Galaxies
iii) Irregular Galaxies

Contains mostly stars

Vary in size
Smaller than spirals
Example : the M87 galaxy

The most numerous from among the larger

galaxies
Contains stars, dust and gas
Example : the Milky Way and the And
Andromeda

Appear to have no special shape at all

Contains stars, dust and gas
Example : the Magellanic cloud

- The Milky Way our galaxy

a) The Milky Way is a galaxy
containing a
huge mass of stars
b) The Sun, which is in the solar
system,
is one of the stars in the Milky
Way