THESIS: ATHLETIC STADIUM

GINKGO- GINKGO BILOBA

LIGHT:- SUN
PLANT HEIGHT:- UPTO 80 FEET TALL
PLANT WIDTH:- 30 80 FEET WIDE
LANDSCAPE USES:- CONTAINER,
BEDS AND BORDERS,PRIVACY
SPECIAL FEATURE:- ATTRACTIVE
FOLIAGE, FALL COLOUR

HOSTA- Hosta selections

Plant Height: To 5 feet tall
Plant Width: To 4 feet wide
Landscape Uses: Containers, Beds &
Borders, Privacy, Slopes, Groundcover
Special Features: Flowers, Attractive
Foliage, Fragrant, Cut Flowers, Wet Soil,
Easy to Grow

BIRCH- Betula selections

LICORICE- Helichrysum
Light: Sun, Part Sun
selections
Plant Height: 30-70 feet tall
Plant
Height: 1-2 feet tall
Plant Width: 15-25 feet wide
Landscape Uses: Containers, Beds & Borders, Plant Width: 1-2 feet wide
Uses: Containers, Beds & Borders, Slopes,
Slopes
Special Features: Attractive Foliage, Fall Color,Features: Attractive Foliage, Easy to grow
Winter Interest, Attracts Birds,Tolerates Wet Soil
SPRUCE- Picea selections
Plant Height: 100 feet tall
Plant Width: 20-30 feet wide
Landscape Uses: Containers, Beds & Borders,
Special Features: Attractive Foliage, Fragrant,
Winter Interest, Attracts Birds

PALMETTO- Sabal spp.

Plant Height: 10-70 feet tall

Plant Width: 6-18 feet wide
Landscape Uses: Beds & Borders
Special Features: Attractive
Foliage

ASH- Fraxinus selections

Plant Height: 30-80 feet tall

Plant Width: 30-50 feet wide
Landscape Uses: Beds & Borders,
Privacy, Slopes
Special Features: Attractive Foliage, Fall
Color,

FLAX LILY- Dianella caerulea

Plant Height: 2-4 feet tall
Plant Width: 1-2 feet wide
Landscape Uses: Containers, Beds &
Borders
Special Features: Flowers, Attractive
Foliage,
Winter Interest.

UMBRELLA PLANT- Darmera

Plant Height: 3-5 feet tall peltata
Plant Width: 3-5 feet wide
Landscape Uses: Beds & Borders
Special Features: Flowers, Attractive
Foliage,
Fall Color, Tolerates Wet Soil, Easy to Grow

OBEDIENT PLANT- Physostegia

virginiana

PLAYER AND BROADCAST VIEW ANGLES

PROVIDING A GLARE-FREE ENVIRONMENT FOR THE PLAYERS, OFFICIALS AND MEDIA IS THE MOST
IMPORTANT DESIGN REQUIREMENT. THE FOLLOWING TWO AREAS ARE DEFINED AS NO FLOODLIGHT
ZONES FOR ALL FIVE CATEGORIES OF COMPETITION:
CORNER GOAL-LINE AREA:
IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN GOOD VISUAL CONDITIONS FOR THE GOALKEEPER AND ATTACKING PLAYERS
IN THE CORNERS, LIGHTING EQUIPMENT SHALL NOT BE PLACED WITHIN AN AREA OF 10 DEGREES
ON EITHER SIDE OF THE GOAL LINE.
BEHIND THE GOAL AREA:
IN ORDER TO MAINTAIN GOOD VISUAL CONDITIONS FOR ATTACKING PLAYERS IN FRONT OF THE GOAL,
AS WELL AS FOR VIDEO MEDIA AT THE OPPOSITE END OF THE PITCH, LIGHTING EQUIPMENT SHALL
NOT BE PLACED BELOW 25 DEGREES ABOVE THE CENTRE POINT OF THE PITCH AND BELOW 75
DEGREES ABOVE THE HORIZONTAL OF THE GOAL AREA
CAMERA VIEWS TO BE CONSIDERED:
A LIGHTING SPECIFICATION SHOULD TAKE ACCOUNT OF THE ACTUAL CAMERA POSITIONS TO BE USED
IN ORDER TO ENSURE THAT EACH CAMERA RECEIVES SUFFICIENT LIGHT, FROM WHICH GOOD QUALITY
.
FACILITY REQUIREMENTS
THE PRIMARY GOAL OF THE EVENT LIGHTING SYSTEM IS TO ILLUMINATE THE EVENT TO DIGITAL
VIDEO QUALITY FOR THE MEDIA WITHOUT CREATING NUISANCE GLARE FOR THE PLAYERS /
OFFICIALS AND ADDING SPILL LIGHT / GLARE TO THE SPECTATORS AND SURROUNDING
ENVIRONMENT. PERMANENT LIGHTING, TEMPORARY LIGHTING AND A COMBINATION OF BOTH
SYSTEMS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED.
ENVIRONMENTAL
SPECIAL CARE SHOULD BE TAKEN TO LIMIT THE SPILL LIGHT AND GLARE OFF THE FIELD, BOTH
INSIDE AND OUTSIDE THE STADIUM.
PLAYERS AND OFFICIALS
T HE PLAYERS AND OFFICIALS MUST BE ABLE TO PERFORM TO THEIR FULLEST ABILITY WITHIN AN
ILLUMINATED ENVIRONMENT THAT ENHANCES PLAY.
SPECTATORS
T HE SPECTATORS MUST BE ABLE TO VIEW THE EVENT, SCOREBOARD, VIDEO AND ALL ACTIVITIES ON
THE FIELD IN COMFORT, FREE FROM GLARE AND EXCESSIVE SPILL LIGHT.
THE MEDIA
T HE MEDIA VIDEO AND BROADCASTS PRODUCED DURING AN EVENT SHALL BE OF DIGITAL QUALITY,
WITH BALANCED ILLUMINATION AND FREE FROM HARD-LINE SHADOWS AND GLARE.
COMPETITION CATEGORIES
FIVE CLASSES OF LIGHTING SYSTEMS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED (I TO V). THERE ARE TWO CATEGORIES THAT NEED TELEVISED-QUALITY LIGHTING AND THREE
CLASSES FOR NON-TELEVISED EVENTS.
SHADOW CONTROL (MULTI-ZONE AIMING)
DIAGRAMS BELOW, DIVIDE THE PITCH INTO THREE ZONES, WITH ZONE 1 REPRESENTING BOTH END ZONES AND ZONE 2 REPRESENTING THE MIDDLE OF THE
PITCH. THE AIMING FOREACH ZONE SHALL HAVE A MINIMUM OF FOUR OVERLAPPING LIGHTING ARRAYS PER SIDE FOR INTERNATIONAL EVENTS AND THREE
OVERLAPPING LIGHTING ARRAYS PER SIDE FOR NATIONAL TELEVISED EVENTS.

Plant Height: 1-2 feet tall, depending on variety

HEMLOCK- Tsuga selections
Plant Width:1-2 feet wide, depending on variety
Plant Height: 75 feet tall
Color: White, pink, lavender flowers, depending on
Plant Width: 30 feet wide
variety: variegated Leaves, depending on variety
Landscape Uses: Beds & Borders, Privacy,Slopes
Special Features: Attractive Foliage, Fragrant, Winter Landscape Uses: Containers, Beds & Borders
Interest, Attracts Birds.
Features: Flowers, Attractive Foliage, Cut Flowers,
Attracts Butterflies, Easy to Grow.

EUCALYPTUS- Eucalyptus selections

COMPASS PLANT- Silphium

Plant Height: 50-160 feet tall

laciniatum
Plant Height:1 1/2-10 feet tall, depending on
Plant Width: 10-70 feet wide
variety
Landscape Uses: Containers, Beds & Borders,
Plant Width:2-6 feet wide, depending on variety
Privacy, Slopes.
Special Features: Flowers, Attractive Foliage,Flower Color: Yellow flowers
Fragrant, Winter Interest, Cut Flowers, Dried Landscape Uses: Containers,Beds & Borders
Flowers, Attracts Birds,Attracts, Butterflies. Features: Flowers, Attractive Foliage, Fragrant,
Fall Color, Cut Flowers, Attracts Birds, Attracts
Butterflies ,Tolerates Wet Soil,Easy to Grow

LIGHTING AND POWER SUPPLY

A LIGHTING SYSTEM MUST BE INSTALLED WHICH MEETS THE NEEDS OF
BROADCASTERS, SPECTATORS,
PLAYERS AND OFFICIALS WITHOUT SPILLING LIGHT INTO THE ENVIRONMENT AND
WITHOUT CREATING A
NUISANCE FOR THE LOCAL COMMUNITY.

POWER SUPPLY
THE DELAY OR CANCELLATION OF AN EVENT DUE TO THE LOSS OF ELECTRICAL POWER IS
UNACCEPTABLE. A CAREFUL EVALUATION OF THE AVAILABLE UTILITY SERVICE IS CRUCIAL. REDUNDANT
SERVICES AND ON-SITE POWER SOURCES WILL BE NECESSARY TO PROVIDE BACK-UP AND RIDE THROUGH
OF UTILITY OUTAGES.
CLASSIFICATION OF THE TYPES OF LOADS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED TO HELP DETERMINE
THE AMOUNT OF REDUNDANT CAPACITY AND SIZE OF THE BACK-UP GENERATORS AND UPS
EQUIPMENT.

INSTALLATION PLANNING (NON-TELEVISED)

FOR INTERNATIONAL AND NATIONAL TELEVISED EVENTS,
THE LIGHTING HEAD FRAMES ARE
POSITIONED ON THE STADIUM FOR DIGITAL VIDEO
QUALITY LIGHTING. MULTI-ZONE AIMING IS NOT
REQUIRED FOR A NON-TELEVISED PITCH. FOR NATIONAL,
LEAGUE AND TRAINING NON-TELEVISED
EVENTS, THE FOLLOWING STANDARD LIGHTING DESIGN
GUIDELINES APPLY.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT
LIGHT POLLUTION AND UNWANTED LIGHT
TRESPASS FALL INTO TWO CATEGORIES: SPILL
ILLUMINATION, WHICH IS LIGHT LEAVING THE
LIGHTING DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS AND TECHNOLOGY
PERIMETER OF THE STADIUM THAT IS
MEASURABLE; AND GLARE, WHICH IS EXCESSIVE
HORIZONTAL
BRIGHTNESS IN THE NORMAL FIELD OF VIEW FORNOTES:
HORIZONTAL ILLUMINANCE IS A MEASURE OF LIGHT REACHING A
A LL ILLUMINANCE VALUES INDICATED ARE MAINTAINED
PEDESTRIANS AND MOTORISTS OUTSIDE THE
HORIZONTAL PLANE, ONE METRE ABOVE THE PLAYING SURFACE. A
VALUES.
STADIUM.
10M X 10M GRID ACROSS THE PLAYING FIELD IS USED AS A BASIS
A MAINTENANCE FACTOR OF 0.70 IS RECOMMENDED. INITIAL
THE FOLLOWING SCHEDULE SHOULD BE
FOR COLLECTING THESE MEASUREMENTS AND CALCULATING
VALUES WILL THEREFORE BE
CONSIDERED:
MAXIMUM / MINIMUM / AVERAGE
APPROXIMATELY 1.4 TIMES THOSE INDICATED ABOVE.
ILLUMINATION ON THE PLAYING FIELD.
I LLUMINANCE UNIFORMITY SHALL NOT EXCEED THAN 30%
EVERY 10 METRES.
PRIMARY PLAYER VIEW ANGLES MUST BE FREE OF DIRECT
GLARE. THIS GLARE RATING IS SATISFIED
WHEN THE PLAYER VIEW ANGLES ARE SATISFIED.

TYPICAL BREAKDOWNS
LIFE SAFETY
(GENERATOR-ONLY BACK-UP POWER AVAILABLE IN 10 SECONDS)
FIRE PUMP
FIRE ALARM AND DETECTION SYSTEM
SMOKE VENTING SYSTEMS
SELECTED ELEVATORS / ESCALATORS FOR EGRESS OR FIRE FIGHTING
IN-HOUSE MEDICAL LIGHTING AND POWER
EVENT AND LIFE SAFETY (UPS AND GENERATOR BACK-UP POWER AVAILABLE IN LESS THAN 60 SECONDS)
BUILDING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL EGRESS LIGHTING SPECIAL SYSTEMS (DATA / TELECOM) ROOMS
PBX TELEPHONE
SECURITY MONITORING AND CARD ACCESS
GIANT VIDEO SCREENS
PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEM EVENT ESSENTIAL
(GENERATOR-GENERATOR ONLY BACK-UP POWER AVAILABLE IN LESS THAN 90 SECONDS)
SCOREBOARDS
SCOREBOARD CONTROL ROOM
TURNSTILE MONITORING SYSTEM
POLICE STATION EVENT CRITICAL
(UPS AND GENERATOR-GENERATOR BACK-UP, ZERO DOWNTIME)
EVENT LIGHTING
DAY OF GAME OPERATIONAL CONTROL CENTRE
POLICE CONTROL LIGHTING

FIELD CAMERA VERTICAL

VERTICAL LIGHTING AT FIELD LEVEL IS THE AMOUNT OF
ILLUMINATION REACHING THE VERTICAL
SURFACE OF THE PLAYERS.
THESE IMAGES ARE
CAPTURED BY (BOTH HAND-HELD AND MOTORISED) FIELD CAMERA
POSITIONS.

NAME SHIVAM MEHTA

SHEET NO. (1) RESEARCH
B. ARCH VIII SEM SEC (B)SOA IPSA

THESIS: ATHLETIC STADIUM

VIEWS

NAME SHIVAM MEHTA

SHEET NO. (1)4) VIEWS
B. ARCH VIII SEM SEC (B)SOA IPSA

THESIS: ATHLETIC STADIUM

DOME DETAIL
HERE, SPHERICAL DOME IS MADE OVER THE STADIUMFOR CREATING SURROUNDING NOISE OF THE
SPECTATOR AND TO CREAT CREATE CHEERFUL ATMOSPHERE IN THE STADIUM. THE DOME IS MADE BY
USING HEXAGONS SIMILAR TO FOOTBALL STITCHING. THE IDEA CAME FROM THE STITCHING OF
FOOTBALL. A FOOTBALL IS DESIGNED BY THE STITCHING OF SEVERAL HEXAGONS AND COMPLETES A
FORM OF SPHERICAL BALL.
THE DOME WILL BE MADE BY USING STEEL HEXAGONS, THE HEXAGONS WILL MADE BY BOLTED AND
RIVETED JOINTS. AND FOR DOMES PILE FOUNDATION NEEDED. AFTER DESIGNING THE DOME TENSILE
FEBRIC WILL BE USED TO COVER THE DOME. IT WILL APPLY IN PATTERN OF LARGE HEXAGONS BY
WHICH THE DOME WILL LOOK LIKE FOOTBALL.

CIRCLE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18

RADIUS PERIMETER BASE OF HEX. NO.OF HEX WIDTH OF HEX HEIGHT OF DOME
149.0M
936.57 M
6.0 M
103
12.0 M.
00
144.64M
909.18M
5.8 M
103
11.6 M
4.215M
140.3M
882.0M
5.65M
103
11.3M
8.115M
136.0M
854.86M
5.5M
103
11.0M
11.735M
131.6M
827.6M
5.3M
103
10.6M
15.075M
127.37M
800.6M
5.13M
103
10.26M
18.18M
123.16M
774.15M
4.95M
103
9.9M
21.02M
119.0M
748.0M
4.8M
103
9.6M
23.66M
114.8M
721.66M
4.65M
103
9.3M
26.087M
110.75M
696.14M
4.5M
103
9.0M
28.3M
106.78M
671.2M
4.35M
103
8.7M
30.3M
102.9M
646.8M
4.2M
103
8.4M
32.17M
99.12M
623.04M
4.05M
103
8.1M
33.81M
95.43M
599.85M
3.9M
103
7.8M
35.4M
91.9M
577.66M
3.75M
103
7.5M
36.8M
88.36M
555.41M
3.6M
103
7.2M
38.0M
85.0M
534.0M
3.45M
103
6,9M
39.1M
81.7M
513.5M
3.3M
103
6.6M
40.1M

REVOLVING DETAIL
Introduction
Hydraulic Actuators, as used in industrial process control, employ hydraulic pressure to drive an output
member. These are used where high speed and large forces are required. The fluid used in hydraulic actuator
is highly incompressible so that pressure applied can be transmitted instantaneously to the member attached
to it.
Principle Used in Hydraulic Actuator System
Pascals Law
Pressure applied to a confined fluid at any point is transmitted undiminished and equally throughout the
fluid in all directions and acts upon every part of the confining vessel at right angles to its interior surfaces.
Amplification of Force
Since pressure P applied on an area A gives rise to a force F, given as,
F = PA
Thus, if a force is applied over a small area to cause a pressure P in a confined fluid, the force generated on
a larger area can be made many times larger than the applied force that crated the pressure. This principle is
used in various hydraulic devices to such hydraulic press to generate very high forces.

HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR
BLOCK DIAGRAM OF COMPONENTS OF
HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR.

SECTION
VIEW OF DOME

GEAR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE REVOLVING TIER.

METHOD OF REVOLVING FOR UPPER SEATING TIER

RAIL TRACK AND WHEEL ARRANGEMENT

THE ABOVE FIGURE SHOWS THE HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR, COMPONENTS OF HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR, GEAR ARRANGEMENT
AND ARRANGEMENT OF RAIL TRACK WITH WHEEL. BY THIS ALL COMPONENTS WE CAN REVOLVE THE SEATING TIER OF
OUR STADIUM. THE METHOD OF THIS ARRANGEMENT ARE AS FOLLOWS:1)
FIRST WE NEED TO UNDERSTAND PASCALS LAW AND NEED TO CALCULATE THE WIGHT AND AREA BY THIS WE NEED
TO CALCULATE THE POWER REQUIRED FOR THE ROTATION. THE CAPACITY OF UPPER TIER IS 23000 AND AFTER
ADDING MATERIAL WEIGHT WE CAN ASSUME THAT WE NEED TO ROTATE A WEIGHT OF 1500 TONNES.
2)
AFTE R CALCULATING THE POWER REQUIRED WE NEED N NO. OF HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS AND NEED TO PLACE AT
MECHANICAL ROOM WHERE WHOLE SETUP OF HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR ENGINE WILL DEVELOP.
3)
THEN WE NEED TO PLACE RAIL TRACK ON ALL STANDS.
4)
AFTER PLACING THE TRACK WE NEED TO MAKE A ANOTHER STANDS BY MILD STEEL AND NEED TO PUT WHEELS
BELOW IT AND THAT WHEEL WILL BE ON RAIL. AS SHOWN IN FIG RAIL WHEEL ARRANGEMENT.
5)
AFTER MAKING THE STANDS OF MILD STEEL WE NEED TO PROVIDE A DEEP TEETH GEAR AT THE EXTERIOR END OF
MILD STEEL STANDS.
6)
THEN WE NEED TO PLACE A GEAR SYSTEM ON HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR THAT GEAR WILL ROTATE BY ENGINE.
7)
NOW WE NEED TO JOIN BOTH GEARS, GEAR PLACED AT THE END OF MILD STEEL SEATING TIER AND THE GEAR
PLACED ON HYDRAULIC ACTUATOR.
8)
AFTER ALL THIS SETUP WE NEED TO ROTATE SEATING TIER WITH THE SPEED OF 13.5 CM PER SECOND. IN 95
MINUTES OF MATCH IT WILL COMPLETE THE ONE ROUND OF STADIUM.

DESIGN DETAIL BY CIRCLE

PLAN OF DOME

PILE FOUNDATION DETAIL

PILE FOUNDATION DETAIL

JOINTS IN DOME DETAIL

NAME SHIVAM MEHTA

SHEET NO. (1) RESEARCH
B. ARCH VIII SEM SEC (B)SOA IPSA