You are on page 1of 22

A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON

POSITIONAL PROTECTION OF TRANSMISSION


SYSTEM USING GLOBAL POSITIONING
SYSTEM(GPS)
by
BOYALLA VAMSI KIRAN
13121A0222

UNDER THE ESTEEMED GUIDANCE OF


Dr. N. M. G. KUMAR,M.Tech,Ph.D;
Professor
Dept.Of EEE,SVEC

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE


(An autonomous institution affiliated to JNTUA, Anantapuramu)

Sree Sainath Nagar, Tirupati 517 102.


2013-2017.

OBJECTIVE

CONTENTS

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
FAULTS IN A TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
TRAVELING WAVE PHENOMENON
TRAVELING WAVE FAULT LOCATION THEORY
INTRODUCTION TO GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
OPERATION OF FAULT DETECTION SYSTEM USING GPS
RELAY DESIGN AND EMTP SIMULATION
ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES
CONCLUSION
1/30/17

OBJECTIVE:

To elucidate about new technique for


protection of a transmission system
which uses traveling wave fault
location phenomenon and associated
GPS scheme.

1/30/17

TRANSMISSION SYSTEM:
It is a part of power system involves in bulk transfer of electrical power from generating
stations to load centers.
Allows distant energy sources to be connected to consumers in load centers.
Transmission line-frequently faulted element in power transmission system.

GENERATION

TRANSMISSION

DISTRIBUTION

Fig.1.structure of power system


1/30/17

FAULTS IN A
TRANSMISSION SYSTEM:
Abnormality in the transmission
system is considered as a fault.

Classified

as symmetrical and
unsymmetrical faults.
Frequently

occurring Faults

Lightning
Mechanical
Arcing

1/30/17

support failures

Fig.2.Fault Due To
Lightning

effect etc.,

TRAVELING WAVE PHENOMENON


Faults in the power
transmission system cause
transients that propagate
along the transmission line
as waves.
These waves have a
propagation velocity &
characteristic impedance&
travel from fault location
towards line ends.
These fault transients occur from
micro seconds to milli seconds.
Fig.3.Traveling waves
1/30/17

TRAVELING WAVE FAULT LOCATION


THEORY
Traveling wave fault locators make use of the transient
signals generated by the fault.
Precisely synchronized clocks are the key element in
the implementation of this fault location technique.
For correct determination of distance of fault, two
synchronized devices realized using GPS are installed
at both the ends.

1/30/17

CONTD.,

The location of faults is accomplished by precisely time-tagging


wave fronts as they cross a known point typically in substations at
line ends.

Fault location can then be obtained by multiplying the wave


velocity by the time difference in line ends.

1/30/17

BENEFITS OF IDENTIFYING
EXACT LOCATION OF FAULT
Reduces time and human resources for the electric utility
industry.
Line searches for identifying fault location are not needed.
Aid in fast restoration of power.
Restoring power to the loads by the unfaulted transmission
sections.

1/30/17

FAULT LOCATION USING GPS


Global Positioning System (GPS)
is a satellite-based navigation
system made up of a network of
24 satellites placed into orbit.
Originally intended for military
applications and maintained by
USA.
Allows precise determination of
location, velocity, direction and
time.

1/30/17

Fig.4.Network of GPS satellites

HOW GPS WORKS?


GPS satellites circle the earth
twice a day .
Transmit signal information to
earth.
Receivers take this information
and calculate the user's exact
location.
Accurate 3-D location require
four satellites.
Fig.5.working of GPS
1/30/17

10

OPERATION OF THE FAULT


LOCATION SYSTEM(FLS) USING GPS
A fault locator contains a relay with
fault transient detection system and
communication unit.
Relay unit is connected to
transmission line through CVT.
The FL time tag the
transient arrival times at the busbar.

Fig.6.Fault location system using


GPS

1/30/17

11

Contd.,
By knowing the line length
L and the time-of arrival
difference (tb - ta ) distance
X can be calculated from
the FL equation:
X=[L-C(tb - ta )]/2
ta & tb are end A and
end B arrival time

1/30/17

c-velocity of light
tb and ta can be measured
accurately using GPS

12

TRANSIENT DETECTION RELAY


DESIGN:
Transient

detector unit is
connected to the line using three
phase CVTs which are able to
detect fault generated high
frequency signals.
Communication

unit,containing a
transmitter and receiver circuits
also uses CVTs.
Data

communication protocols
are used in communication
between relays.

1/30/17

Fig.7.Block diagram of relay unit

13

EMTP SIMULATION
SIMULATED TRANSMISSION
NETWORK

TRANSIENT DETECTION RELAY


RESPONSES

Fig.9.Relay Responses for a fault at point F1

Fig.8.simulated 400kv EHVAC


Transmission Network
Fig.10.Realy Responses for a fault at point F2
1/30/17

14

TRANSIENT DETECTION RELAY RESPONSES(CONTD.,)

Fig.11.Relay Responses for a fault


at point F3
1/30/17

Fig.12.Relay responses for a fault


at point F4
15

SIMULATION OUTPUT
Table.1:EMTP simulation output

1/30/17

16

APPLICATIONS
This protection scheme can be applied to

AC Transmission lines

HVDC Transmission lines

Lines with T branches

Lines containing cable sections

1/30/17

17

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Accuracy
Fast response
More Reliable Monitoring
Optimization of repair time
and resources

1/30/17

Distortion and
Attenuation of traveling
waves
Time tagging errors

18

SVEC

CONCLUSION:

The positional protection using GPS is a


high speed protection system and
offers high accuracy in fault location.
This protection system monitors the
network to which it is connected and it
is not limited to individual unit as in
traditional protection scheme.

1/30/17

19

EC

REFERENCES
[1] Saurabh saxena,Maroof Ali,Kapil Gandhi,Nihar Ranjan,protection of
Transmission System Using Global Positioning System,MIT International
Journal Of Electrical and Electronics Engineering vol.3,No.1,pp.33-39, Jan
2013.
[2] Zhiqiqn Q.Bo,Geoff Weller,Tom Lomas ,Miles A.Redfern,positional
protection of Transmission System Using Global Positioning SystemIEEE
Transactions on Power Delivery,Vol.15,N0.4,October 2000.
[3] B.A.Jan use of G.P.S in EHV Transmission line Fault Detection And
Transmission Line Protection In Power Systems,International Journal of
Engineering Science Invention Research&Development; vol.1 Issue 10
,pp.410-417, April 2015.
[4] G.Krzysztof,R.kowalik,D.Rassolomampionona,S.Anwar.Traveling
wave fault location in power transmission systems:An
overview,Journal Of Electrical Systems;7-3(2011);pp.287-296.

1/30/17

20

THANK YOU!
Any Queries?

You might also like